Driven Rotation, Self-Generated Flow, and Momentum Transport in Tokamak Plasmas

Description

This book provides a comprehensive look at the state of the art of externally driven and self-generated rotation as well as momentum transport in tokamak plasmas. In addition to recent developments, the book includes a review of rotation measurement techniques, measurements of directly and indirectly driven rotation, momentum sinks, self-generated flow, and momentum transport. These results are presented alongside summaries of prevailing theory and are compared to predictions, bringing together both experimental and theoretical perspectives for a broad look at the field. Both researchers and graduate students in the field of plasma physics will find this book to be a useful reference. Although there is an emphasis on tokamaks, a number of the concepts are also relevant to other configurations. Preface Acknowledgments Contents 1 Velocity Measurements in Tokamaks 1.1 Doppler Shifts of Atomic Transitions 1.1.1 Passive Spectroscopy 1.1.2 Active Spectroscopy 1.2 MHD Mode Rotation 1.3 Probe Measurements 1.4 Microwave Doppler Reflectometry and Scattering 1.5 Comments 2 Momentum Sources 2.1 Direct Rotation Drive 2.1.1 Neutral Beam Injection 2.1.2 Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies Waves 2.1.2.1 Ion Bernstein Waves 2.1.2.2 Mode Conversion Flow Drive 2.1.2.3 Fast Magnetosonic Waves 2.1.3 Lower Hybrid Waves 2.1.4 Electron Cyclotron Waves 2.1.5 Compact Torus Injection 2.2 Indirect Rotation Drive 2.2.1 Orbit Shift jB Forces 2.2.2 Ion and Electron Loss Due to Toroidal Magnetic Field Ripple 2.2.3 Edge Thermal Ion Orbit Loss 2.3 Comments 3 Momentum Sinks 3.1 Neutral Damping 3.2 Mode Locking, Magnetic Braking and Neo-Classical Toroidal Viscosity 3.3 Edge Localized Modes 3.4 Comments 4 Comparison with Neo-Classical Theory 4.1 Poloidal Rotation vθ 4.2 Toroidal Rotation vϕ 4.3 Poloidal Asymmetries in Edge Toroidal Rotation 4.4 Comments 5 Intrinsic Rotation and the Residual Stress res 5.1 Enhanced Confinement Regimes 5.1.1 Ohmic H-Modes 5.1.2 ICRF H- and I-Modes 5.1.3 ECH H-Modes and Adding ECH 5.1.4 H-Modes with LH 5.1.5 NBI H-Modes 5.1.6 Plasmas with ITBs 5.1.7 Comments 5.2 Low Confinement Mode 5.2.1 Magnetic Configurations 5.2.2 Current Driven Reversals 5.2.3 Ohmic Rotation Reversals and LOC/SOC 5.2.4 Auxiliary Heated L-Mode 5.2.5 Comments 6 Momentum Transport 6.1 Momentum Diffusivity χϕ 6.2 Momentum Pinch Vp 6.3 Residual Stress res 6.4 Comments 7 Discussion and Future Outlook References Index