Taming Ares: War, Interstate Law, and Humanitarian Discourse in Classical Greece

Description

In Taming Ares Emiliano J. Buis examines the sources of classical Greece to challenge both the state-centeredness of mainstream international legal history and the omnipresence of war and excessive violence in ancient times. Making ample use of epigraphic as well as literary, rhetorical, and historiographical sources, the book offers the first widespread account of the narrative foundations of the (il)legality of warfare in the classical Hellenic world. In a clear yet sophisticated manner, Buis convincingly proves that the traditionally neglected study of the performance of ancient Greek poleis can contribute to a better historical understanding of those principles of international law underlying the practices and applicable rules on the use of force and the conduct of hostilities. ‎Contents......Page 7 ‎Foreword (Lesaffer)......Page 11 ‎3. Transliterations......Page 13 ‎4. Chronological References......Page 14 ‎Acknowledgments......Page 15 ‎Maps......Page 17 ‎1. Between Ares and Athena......Page 19 ‎2. Between Custom and Convenience: Rules and Pragmatics......Page 27 ‎3. Toward International Law in the Ancient World: Practices and Contexts......Page 30 ‎4. Inhumane Acts, Human Words: Analyzing the Restrictive Discourse of War......Page 34 ‎Part 1. The Concepts......Page 39 ‎1. International Normativity, Subordination, and Political Imposition in the Ancient World......Page 41 ‎2. Justice, Law, Laws, and Decrees: The Issue of Terminology......Page 49 ‎3. Nomothesia: The Act of Legislating......Page 56 ‎4. Dramatic Competitions and Athenian Festivals......Page 59 ‎5. Justice as Spectacle in Athens: Judicial praxis......Page 63 ‎6. The Assembly, the Theater, and the Courts: Performative Activities of Democracy......Page 69 ‎Summation: Democracy as Performative Ritual......Page 75 ‎Chapter 2. Greek poleis and International Subjectivity......Page 76 ‎1.1. Subjects as an Object of Study: A Modern Concept......Page 78 ‎1.2. Groups and Associations in Athenian Law......Page 81 ‎1.3. The polis as State and Its Legal Representations......Page 89 ‎2. The Role of the polis in the Conclusion of Treaties during the Peloponnesian War......Page 92 ‎2.1. The Classical Greek Treaties......Page 93 ‎2.2.1. The Treaties of Athens with Rhegium and Leontinoi......Page 103 ‎2.2.2. The Quadripartite Treaty of Athens with Argos, Mantineia and Elis......Page 108 ‎2.2.3. The Treaties between Sparta and the Achaemenid Empire......Page 116 ‎Summation: International Subjectivity in Ruins......Page 120 ‎Part 2. The Rules......Page 125 ‎Chapter 3. The Outbreak of War and Its Limits in Inter-polis Law......Page 127 ‎1. The Rhetoric of the Use of Armed Force in the Greek World......Page 134 ‎2. The Vocabulary of the Grounds: The Spoken and the Unspoken in Thucydides......Page 136 ‎3. Considerations on Guilt, Responsibility, Motivation and Encouragement: Helen’s Case......Page 139 ‎4. Exoneration from Responsibility for the Attack: The Adversary’s Fault......Page 144 ‎5. A ‘Legal’ Rhetoric of Self-Defense?......Page 152 ‎Summation: Restraining the Use of Armed Force......Page 154 ‎Chapter 4. The Conduct of War and Its Limits in Inter-polis Law......Page 157 ‎1. Greek Warfare between Military Necessity and Limitation......Page 164 ‎2. The Legal Matrix: The Foundations of “Common,” “Universal,” Inter-polis, and Panhellenic Law......Page 175 ‎3. Geneva in Greece: The nomos of the Greeks with Respect to the Protection of Victims and Practices in Wartime......Page 177 ‎3.1. Protecting Envoys......Page 179 ‎3.2. Protecting Civilians......Page 185 ‎3.3. Protecting Temples and Religious Facilities and Personnel......Page 191 ‎3.4. Protecting Captured Enemies......Page 194 ‎3.5. Protecting the Sick and Wounded Combatants and Dead Bodies......Page 202 ‎3.6. Protecting Suppliants, Refugees and Asylum-Seekers......Page 204 ‎4. The Hague in Greece: The nomos of the Greeks with Respect to the Restriction of Means and Methods of Warfare......Page 218 ‎5. Responding to Atrocity after the Conflict: Prosecution of War Crimes?......Page 229 ‎Summation: Towards a Framework of Restraint......Page 244 ‎Conclusions: About Apples, Branches, and Humanitarian Strategies......Page 247 ‎Appendix A. Chart of Treaties Signed by Greek poleis during the Peloponnesian War (431–404)......Page 251 ‎Appendix B. Digital Images of Treaties and Decrees......Page 256 ‎1. Editions of Ancient Sources (Texts and Translations)......Page 259 ‎2. Critical Bibliography......Page 263 ‎3. Instrumenta studiorum......Page 313 ‎Index of Greek Terms......Page 314 ‎Literary Texts......Page 316 ‎Inscriptions......Page 321 ‎Index of Subjects and Names......Page 322