Urban Drainage, Fourth Edition

Description

This new edition of a well-established textbook covers the environmental and engineering aspects of the management of rainwater and wastewater in areas of human development. Urban Drainage deals comprehensively not only with the design of new systems, but also the analysis and upgrading of existing infrastructure. Keeping its balance of principles, practice and research, this new edition has significant new material on modelling, resilience, smart systems, and the global and local context. The two new authors bring further research and practice-based experience. This is an essential text for undergraduate and graduate students, lecturers and researchers in water engineering, environmental engineering, public health engineering, engineering hydrology, and related non-engineering disciplines. It also serves as a dependable reference for drainage engineers in water service providers, local authorities, and for consulting engineers. Extensive examples are used to support and demonstrate the key issues throughout the text. Content: Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Contents Readership Acknowledgements Notation Abbreviations Authors 1. Introduction 1.1 What is urban drainage? 1.2 Effects of urbanisation 1.3 Urban drainage priorities 1.3.1 Public health 1.3.2 Minimising adverse impacts 1.4 History 1.4.1 Ancient civilisations 1.4.2 Ancient to modern 1.4.3 London 1.5 Geography 1.6 Types of system 1.6.1 Combined systems 1.6.2 Separate systems 1.6.3 Hybrid and partially separate systems 1.6.4 Non-pipe systems 1.7 Urban water system 1.8 Changing context Problems Key source References 2. Water quality2.1 Introduction 2.2 Basics 2.2.1 Strength 2.2.2 Equivalent concentrations 2.3 Parameters 2.3.1 Sampling and analysis 2.3.2 Solids 2.3.2.1 Gross solids 2.3.2.2 Grit 2.3.2.3 Suspended solids 2.3.2.4 Volatile solids 2.3.3 Oxygen 2.3.3.1 Dissolved oxygen 2.3.4 Organic compounds 2.3.4.1 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) 2.3.4.2 Chemical oxygen demand (COD) 2.3.4.3 Total organic carbon (TOC) 2.3.5 Nitrogen 2.3.5.1 Organic nitrogen (org.N) 2.3.5.2 Ammonia nitrogen (NH3â#x80 #x93 N) 2.3.5.3 Nitrite and nitrate nitrogen (NO2 â#x80 #x93 N, NO3 â#x80 #x93 N) 2.3.6 Phosphorus 2.3.7 Sulphur 2.3.8 Hydrocarbons2.3.9 FOG 2.3.10 Heavy metals and synthetic compounds 2.3.11 Micro-organisms 2.3.12 Priority substances 2.4 Processes 2.4.1 Hydrolysis 2.4.2 Aerobic degradation 2.4.2.1 Nitrification 2.4.3 Denitrification 2.4.4 Anaerobic degradation 2.5 Receiving water impacts 2.5.1 Emissions 2.5.2 Processes 2.5.3 Impacts 2.5.3.1 DO depletion 2.5.3.2 Eutrophication 2.5.3.3 Toxics 2.5.3.4 Public health 2.5.3.5 Aesthetics 2.6 Receiving water standards 2.6.1 Legislation and regulatory regime 2.6.1.1 Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive 2.6.1.2 Bathing Water Directive 2.6.1.3 Water Framework Directive2.6.1.4 Marine Strategy Framework Directive 2.6.2 Permitting intermittent discharges 2.6.3 Environmental quality standards 2.6.3.1 Aquatic life standards 2.6.3.2 Shellfish standards 2.6.3.3 Bathing standards 2.6.3.4 Amenity standards 2.7 Urban Pollution Management (UPM) Problems Key sources References 3. Wastewater 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Domestic 3.2.1 Water use 3.2.1.1 Climate 3.2.1.2 Demography 3.2.1.3 Socio-economic factors 3.2.1.4 Development type 3.2.1.5 Extent of metering and water conservation measures 3.2.1.6 Quantification 3.2.2 Waterâ#x80 #x93 wastewater relationship3.2.3 Temporal variability 3.2.3.1 Long term 3.2.3.2 Annual 3.2.3.3 Weekly 3.2.3.4 Diurnal 3.2.4 Appliances 3.3 Non-domestic 3.3.1 Commercial 3.3.2 Industrial 3.4 Infiltration and inflow 3.4.1 Problems 3.4.2 Quantification 3.4.3 Exfiltration 3.5 Wastewater quality 3.5.1 Pollutant sources 3.5.1.1 Human excreta 3.5.1.2 Toilet/WC 3.5.1.3 Food 3.5.1.4 Washing/laundry 3.5.1.5 Industry 3.5.1.6 Carriage water and groundwater 3.5.2 Pollutant levels Problems Key sources References 4. Rainfall 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Measurement