Geometric and Engineering Drawing

Description

This introduction to descriptive geometry and contemporary drafting guides the student through the essential principles to create engineering drawings that comply with international standards of technical product specification. This heavily updated new edition now applies to CAD as well as conventional drawing. Extensive new coverage is given of: - International drafting conventions - Methods of spatial visualisation such as multi-view projection - Types of views - Dimensioning - Dimensional and geometric tolerancing - Representation of workpiece and machine elements - Assembly drawings Comprehensible illustrations and clear explanations help the reader master drafting and layout concepts for creating professional engineering drawings. The book provides a large number of exercises for each main topic. This edition covers updated material and reflects the latest ISO standards. It is ideal for undergraduates in engineering or product design, students of vocational courses in engineering communication and technology students covering the transition of product specification from design to production. Cover Half Title Title Copyright Contents Preface Acknowledgements 1 Introduction to Engineering Communication 1.1 Product Development and the Engineering Design Process 1.2 Communication Modes 1.3 Importance of Engineering Drawing 2 Fundamentals of Engineering Drawing 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Drafting Equipment 2.2.1 Manual Drafting 2.2.2 Computer-Aided Design (CAD) 2.3 Drafting Conventions 2.3.1 Standardisation 2.3.2 Line Conventions 2.3.3 Lettering 2.3.4 Drawing Layout 2.4 Scales 2.5 Types of Drawings 2.6 Technical Sketching 2.6.1 Pictorial Sketching 2.6.2 Sketching in Orthographic Projection 2.7 Planning the Drawing 2.8 Problems 3 Geometric Constructions 3.1 The Construction of Geometric Figures From Given Data 3.1.1 The Triangle 3.1.2 The Quadrilateral 3.1.3 Polygons 3.1.4 Circles 3.2 Tangency 3.3 Loci 3.3.1 Loci of Mechanisms 3.3.2 The Cycloid 3.3.3 The Trochoid 3.3.4 The Involute 3.3.5 The Archimedean Spiral 3.3.6 The Helix 3.4 Problems 4 Methods of Spatial Visualisation 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Perspective Projection 4.3 Oblique Projection 4.4 Axonometric Projection (Isometric and Dimetric) 4.4.1 Conventional Isometric Projection (Isometric Drawing) 4.4.2 Circles and Curves Drawn in Isometric Projection 4.4.3 True Isometric Projection 4.4.4 Dimetric Projection 4.5 Multi-View Projection (First Angle and Third Angle) 4.6 Auxiliary Elevations and Auxiliary Plans 4.7 Projection of Sectioned Solids 4.7.1 Section Planes 4.7.2 Conic Sections 4.8 Problems 5 Basic Concepts of Descriptive Geometry 5.1 Orthographic Projection 5.1.1 Projection of Lines 5.1.2 Projection of Planes 5.2 Enlarging and Reducing Plane Figures and Equivalent Areas 5.3 Intersection of Regular Solids 5.4 Developments 5.4.1 Prisms 5.4.2 Cylinders 5.4.3 Pyramids 5.4.4 Cones 5.5 Problems 6 Views 6.1 Basic Conventions 6.1.1 The Six Principal Views 6.1.2 Selection of Views 6.2 Special Views 6.2.1 Detail View 6.2.2 Partial Views 6.2.3 Broken Views 6.2.4 Auxiliary Views 6.2.5 Removed Views 6.3 Sectional Views 6.3.1 Conventions for Sections 6.3.2 Full Sections 6.3.3 Half Sections 6.3.4 Offset Sections 6.3.5 Broken-Out Sections 6.3.6 Aligned Sections 6.3.7 Profile Sections 7 Dimensioning 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Dimensional Values 7.3 Systems of Dimension Positioning 7.4 Arrangement of Dimensions 7.5 Presentation of Special Dimensions 7.6 Dimensioning Guidelines 7.7 Dimensioning Systems 8 Tolerancing 8.1 Dimensional Tolerances 8.1.1 Introduction 8.1.2 General Tolerances 8.1.3 Specific Tolerances 8.2 Fits 8.2.1 Introduction 8.2.2 Types of Fits 8.2.3 The ISO Code System 8.2.4 Fit Systems 8.2.5 Designation of Tolerances in Drawings 8.2.6 Tolerance Stack-Up 8.3 Geometrical Tolerancing 8.3.1 Introduction to Geometrical Tolerancing 8.3.2 Datums 8.3.3 General Rules for Indication 8.3.4 Types of Geometric Specification 8.4 Surface Texture 8.4.1 Surface Roughness Parameters 8.4.2 Indication of Surface Texture in Drawings 9 Representation of Workpiece Elements 9.1 Keyways 9.2 Splines and Serrations 9.3 Undercuts 9.4 Centre Holes 9.5 Corners and Edges 9.6 Knurling 9.7 Further Conventional Representations 10 Representation of Machine Elements 10.1 Threads 10.1.1 Screw Threads 10.1.2 Drawing Screw Threads 10.2 Fasteners 10.2.1 Screws, Bolts and Studs 10.2.2 Designation of ISO Screw Threads 10.2.3 Types of Bolts and Screws 10.2.4 Locking Devices 10.2.5 Rivets and Riveted Joints 10.2.6 Keys, Keyways and Splines 10.2.7 Cottered Joints 10.3 Problems 11 Assembly Drawings 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Assembly Views 11.3 Parts Lists 11.4 Item Numbering 11.5 Revision Block 11.6 Reading Assembly Drawings 11.7 Problems 12 Some More Problems Solved by Drawing 12.1 Areas of Irregular Shapes 12.2 Resolution of Forces 12.3 Simple Cam Design 12.4 Problems Appendix A: ISO Standards Mentioned in This Book Appendix B: Representation of Threaded Fasteners Index