Advances in Automation, Signal Processing, Instrumentation, and Control: Select Proceedings of i-CASIC 2020

Description

This book presents the select proceedings of the International Conference on Automation, Signal Processing, Instrumentation and Control (i-CASIC) 2020. The book mainly focuses on  emerging technologies in electrical systems, IoT-based instrumentation, advanced industrial automation, and advanced image and signal processing. It also includes studies on the analysis, design and implementation of instrumentation systems, and high-accuracy and energy-efficient controllers. The contents of this book will be useful for beginners, researchers as well as professionals interested in instrumentation and control, and other allied fields. Preface Contents About the Editors Application of Differential Evolution Algorithm for Substation Expansion Planning Problem of Tamil Nadu—A Real-Time Investigation 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Formulation of SEP 2.1 Constraints 3 Introduction to Tamil Nadu Power Distribution Sector 4 DE and Its Implementation to SEP Problem 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Case 1: SEP for 230 KV SS of Chennai Region 5.2 Case 2: SEP for 230 KV SS in Madurai Region 5.3 Case 3: SEP for 230 KV SS in Erode Region 5.4 Case 4: SEP for 400 KV SS in Chennai Region 5.5 Case 5: SEP for 400 KV SS in Madurai Region 5.6 Case 6: SEP for 400 KV SS in Erode Region 6 Conclusion References A Survey on Sentiment Analysis for Depression Detection 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Techniques of Depression Detection 3.1 Machine Learning Approach 3.2 Lexicon-Based Approach 3.3 Artificial Neural Network 4 Challenges in Sentiment Analysis 5 Conclusion and Fututre Scope References White Blood Cell Components Separation for Hematological Disease Detection 1 Introduction 2 Proposed Method 2.1 Nucleus Segmentation 2.2 Cytoplasm Segmentation 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Performance Comparison of Conventional IC and Dragonfly-Based MPPT for Solar PV Systems Under Partial Shading Conditions 1 Introduction 2 Proposed System 2.1 The Photovoltaic Power System 2.2 DC/DC Convertors 3 MPPT Techniques 3.1 Incremental Conductance Method 3.2 Dragonfly Algorithm 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 Simulink Working Model for Both the Algorithm 5 Conclusion Appendix A: Technical Specifications of Solar Panel, Boost Converter and Partial Shading Patterns References Tagging of Weakly Labeled Acoustic Data Using Skip Layer Connection Detection Classification Model 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Our Model 3.1 Joint Detection and Classification Model on Deep Neural Network with Skip Layer Connection 3.2 Database 3.3 Implementation 4 Results 5 Conclusion References Lifetime Estimation of Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor Modules Used for Industrial Application 1 Introduction 2 Lifetime Prediction Model 2.1 Rainflow Algorithm 2.2 Coffin–Manson Algorithm 2.3 Palmgren-Miner Law 3 Direct Torque Control 4 Simulation and Results 5 Conclusion References Reduction of Rain and Snow Within the Image Using Image Processing 1 Introduction 2 Rain and Its Properties 3 Framework 4 Contrast Enhancement 5 Experimental Analysis 6 Conclusion References Comparison and Suitability of Motors for Propulsion in Electric Vehicles 1 Introduction 2 Objectives 3 Motors Used in Electric Vehicles 4 Classification of Electric Vehicles 5 Manufacturing Companies 6 Advantages of Electric Vehicles 7 Conclusions References Enhancing Performance of an Electric Vehicle on Slope Using Supercapacitor 1 Introduction 2 Challenges in Electric Vehicle 3 Objectives of the Invention 4 Major Electric Vehicle Manufacturing Companies 5 Advantages of Electric Vehicles 6 Electric Vehicle Motors 7 Supercapacitor 8 Statement of Invention 9 Description of Research 10 Parts of the Electric Vehicle Supercapacitor System 11 Advantages of Using Supercapacitor Along with the Battery 12 Claims 13 Conclusions References Public Acceptance of Residential Solar Roof Tops in Chennai 1 Introduction 1.1 Acceptance of PV Technology 1.2 Adoption of PV Technology 2 Methods 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion and Recommendation References Optimal Pi Controller Tuning for a Multivariable Flotation Column by Hyperbolic Tangent Weighted Error Function Using GA 1 Introduction 2 Integral Tan Hyperbolic Time Square Error (ITHSE) 3 Genetic Algorithm (GA) 4 Genetic Algorithm-Based PI Controller for Column Flotation Control System 4.1 Flotation Column Control System 4.2 PI Controllers 4.3 Performance Criterion 5 Simulation Results 5.1 Simulation Results for Transfer Function of Air Hold-up in the Collection Zone 5.2 Simulation Results for Transfer Function of Forth Layer Height 6 Conclusions References A Review on Actuator and Manipulator Techniques in Soft Robotics 1 Introduction 2 Jamming Granular Material 3 Pneumatic Artificial Muscle (PAM) 4 Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) 5 Electroactive Polymer Actuator (EAP) 6 Flexible Fluidic Actuator (FFA) 7 Conclusion References Synchronous Detection Method-Based Effective Power Transfer for Hybrid Wind-PV System 1 Introduction 1.1 Hybrid Framework with Wind-PV System 1.2 Design of WSC and GSC 1.3 MPPT Procedure for PV 1.4 Mathematical Modeling of the Proposed Hybrid System 2 Control Algorithms Description 2.1 Dynamic Current Controller for WSC 2.2 Voltage Controller for WSC 2.3 Current Controller for GSC 3 Simulink Model for the Proposed System 4 Results 5 Conclusion References Evaluation of Double Precision Dual-Rail Asynchronous IEEE 754 Intermediate Product Shifter 1 Introduction 2 Prior Work 2.1 Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) Logic 2.2 Asynchronous Techniques 3 Design of IP Shifter Using MTD3L 3.1 Multi-threshold Dual-Spacer Dual-Rail Delay-Insensitive Logic (MTD3L) 3.2 Design of Intermediate Product (IP) Shifter 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References A Novel Autonomous Energy Management System: Solution for a Fossil Fuel Free Future 1 Introduction 2 History of Microgrid 3 Microgrid for Indian Power Sector 4 EMS Functionality for Microgrid 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Case 1: Normal Load Condition 5.2 Case 2: High Load Condition 5.3 Case 3: Very High Load Condition 6 Conclusion References Efficient Method to Reduce Power Consumption in Air-Conditioning System of Warehouses 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Architecture of the System 3.1 UML Class Diagram 3.2 Hardware Used 3.3 Software Used 3.4 Other Technical Terms and Platforms 4 Working Principle 5 Implementation 6 Conclusion and Future Expansion References Confidence Level Assessment of a Measured Parameter in Complex Computational Dependent Aero Engine Platform 1 Introduction 1.1 Need for Confidence Level Assessment 1.2 Principle of Evaluation 2 Methodology for Implementation 2.1 Confidence Level Assessment with respect to Range 2.2 Confidence Level Assessment with respect to Rate 2.3 Confidence Level Assessment with respect to Variance 2.4 Assessment of Overall Confidence Level 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion and Future Work References Demand Response of a Solar Photovoltaic Dominated Microgrid with Fluctuating Power Generation 1 Introduction 2 Disadvantages of Battery Less Hybrid Systems 2.1 Scope of the Paper 2.2 Solar Photovoltaic Dominant System 3 Analysis of Duck Curve 4 Proposed System Modeling 4.1 Methodology of Operation 4.2 Algorithm of Developed Model 5 Hardware Model 6 Result and Discussion 7 Conclusion References Performance Evaluation of Multi DC and Single DC Source on Cascaded Multi-Level Inverter 1 Introduction 2 Single DC Source 2.1 Five-Level H-Bridge Cascaded Multi-Level Inverter 2.2 Nine-Level Hybrid Multi-Level Inverter 3 Multi-DC Source 3.1 Nine-Level Symmetrical Cascaded Multi-Level Inverter 3.2 31-Level Asymmetrical Cascaded Multi-Level Inverter 4 Hardware Implementation of 31-Level Asymmetrical CMLI 5 Conclusion References River Water Pollution Management Utilizingsmart Sensors Along with Internet of Things 1 Introduction 2 Objectives of the Research 3 Statement of Invention 4 Description of Invention 5 Parts of the River Water Monitoring System 6 Advantages of the River Monitoring System Using Iot 7 Claims 8 Conclusions References Green House Management Using Intelligent Sensors and Internet of Things 1 Introduction 2 Objectives Greenhouse Using IOT 3 Statement of Invention 4 Description of Invention 5 Applications of IOT 6 Description of Figures 7 Advantages of Greenhouse Equipped with IOT 8 Claims 9 Conclusions References Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch of Interconnected Power System Using Firefly Algorithm 1 Introduction 2 Problem Formulation 2.1 Objective Function 2.2 Constraints 3 Firefly Algorithm 3.1 Implementation of FA for ORPD 4 Simulation Results and Discussions 4.1 IEEE 30 Bus System 5 Conclusions References Auto-tuning of Decentralized PI Controllers for a Non-square System 1 Introduction 2 Design Procedure 3 Simulation Studies on Non-square MIMO System 4 Conclusions References A Methodical Procedure for Home Autonetics System Using Internet of Things with Multi-functional Sensors 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Proposed System 3.1 Door Lock System 3.2 Gas Detection 3.3 Moisture Sensor Control 3.4 Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR) 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Multiple Target Tracking Using KNN-Based Classifier and Probabilistic Data Association 1 Introduction 2 System Description 3 Probabilistic Data Association (PDA) 4 K-Nearest Neighborhood 5 Proposed Methodology 6 Results and Analysis 6.1 Tracking Two Targets Whose Tracks Are Parallel to Each Other 6.2 Tracking with PDA-KNN Algorithm 7 Conclusion References Fabrication of Didactic Model to Demonstrate Bottle Filling System Using Programmable Logic Controller 1 Introduction 2 Process Flow of Proposed System 2.1 Hardware Connection for the Automation Process 2.2 Software Requirements and Programming Techniques 3 Algorithm 4 Flowchart 5 Hardware Implementation 6 Limitation 7 Conclusion References Stock Market Trend Prediction Using Regression Model, RNNs, and Sentiment Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Algorithms Used 3.1 Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) Network 3.2 Multiple Regression 4 Sentiment Analysis 5 Some Important Ratios 5.1 Relative Strength Index(RSI) 5.2 Price to Equity Ratio 5.3 Price to Sales Ratio 5.4 Price to Earnings Growth Ratio 6 Proposed Model 7 Results and Discussions 8 Conclusion and Future Work References A Comprehensive Review on Environmental Energy Sources for Low-Power Applications 1 Introduction 2 Energy Storage Devices 3 Energy Harvesting Sources 4 Techniques for Energy Harvesting 4.1 Mechanical Energy Harvesting 4.2 Thermal Harvesting Energy 4.3 Energy Harvesting from Waste Material 5 Conclusion References Enhancing System Loadability with Multiple FACTS Devices Using Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm 1 Introduction 2 FACTS Devices 2.1 Svc 2.2 Statcom 2.3 TCSC 3 Objective Function 3.1 Minimization of Real Power Loss 3.2 Optimization of the Cost Incurred in Generation 3.3 Minimization of Voltage Deviations 3.4 Cost of the FACTS Devices 3.5 Multi-objective Function 4 Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm 5 Procedure for Optimal Location of FACTS Devices Using Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm 6 Results 6.1 IEEE 14-Bus System [12] 6.2 IEEE 30-Bus System [12] 7 Conclusion References Design of Internal Model Control Using Neurofuzzy Controller for Power Converter Applications 1 Introduction 2 Proposed System 2.1 Design of DC-DC Converter 3 Design of Controllers 3.1 Design of IMC 3.2 Design of Neurofuzzy Designer 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Comparative Output Results of IMC and NFC-IMC Control for Rated Load 4.2 Comparative Simulation Results of Input for IMC and NFC-IMC 5 Conclusion References The Study of Image Completion Technique Using Low-Rank Concept in Matrix and Tensor Domain 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Overview of Matrix Completion 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusion References Vehicular Monitoring Using RFID 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 2.1 Ahuja Sanjay and Potti Pavan et al. (2010) 2.2 Kamaran Ahsan et al. (2010) 2.3 Young-Long Chen and Xiao–Zhu Shi (2012) 2.4 Kochar Barjesh and Chhillar Rajender et al. (2012) 2.5 Saikaret et al. 2.6 Z. Cao et al. 2.7 B. Kapusta et al. 3 RFID Tags in Vehicle Plate Number 4 Vehicles Tracking with Zigbee Using RFID 5 Proposed System 6 Implementation 7 Conclusion References Review on Brain MRI Segmentation Methods 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Segmentation Based on Region Growing, Edge Detection, and Watershed 2.2 Segmentation Based on Morphological Operations 2.3 SOM-Based Segmentation 2.4 ANN-Based Segmentation 2.5 Segmentation Using Optimization Techniques 2.6 Segmentation Using Hybrid Methods 2.7 Key Inferences from Review 3 Conclusion and Discussion References Applications of Parabolic Trough Concentrating Technology: A Review 1 Introduction 2 Parabolic Trough Concentrating Technology 3 Application of PTC 3.1 In Desalination of Water and in Incineration Plant 3.2 In Thermal Power Plants 3.3 In Industry 3.4 In Improving the Aesthetic Appearance of Buildings 4 Conclusion References Deep Learning-Based Mammogram Classification for Breast Cancer Diagnosis Using Multi-level Support Vector Machine 1 Introduction 1.1 History of Cancer 1.2 Cause of Cancer 1.3 Historical Overview of Breast Cancer Detection 2 Related Works 3 Proposed Method 3.1 Image Acquisition 3.2 Image Pre-processing 3.3 Image Segmentation 3.4 Feature Extraction 3.5 Classification 4 Experimental Results and Analysis 5 Conclusion References A Literary Survey on Multimodal Biometric Identification of Monozygotic Twins 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Biometrics 3 Identical Twin Offences 4 Proposed Method 4.1 Study of Facial Features and Facial Marks 4.2 Examination of Hair Whorls 5 Principle Component Analysis 5.1 Algorithm 5.2 Linear Combination 6 Summary of the Tabular Column 7 Conclusion References Linear Quadratic Regulator Technique Used for Pole Placement for Single Axis Active Magnetic Bearing 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Model 2.1 Modelling by Electromagnetic Dynamics 2.2 Mechanical Modelling 2.3 State-Space Modelling 3 Controller Design for Proposed System 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion Appendix References Evaluating Model Fit for a Time Series Solar Irradiance and DC Power Data to Forecast Accuracy Measures 1 Introduction 1.1 DC Power Output 1.2 Statistical Analysis 2 Database 3 Model Fitting Techniques with Results 3.1 Linear Trend Model 3.2 Growth Curve Model (GCM) 3.3 Double Exponential Smoothing 3.4 Single Exponential Model 3.5 Quadratic Trend Model 3.6 Winter’s Multiplicative Model 3.7 Winter’s Additive Model 4 Results 5 Conclusion References Session-Based Random Selection Padding Scheme with Elliptic Curve Cryptography for Web Service Security Development 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Session-Based Random Selection Padding Scheme 4 Conclusion References Identifying Sensor Node Behavior Using Temporal Correlation for Data Modifier Attack 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Node-level Intrusion Detection System 3.1 Block Diagram of NIDS 3.2 Calculation of Data Anomaly 3.3 Selection of the Threshold 3.4 Algorithm 3.5 Evaluation Metrics for IDS 3.6 Simulation Results and Analysis 3.7 Network Performance Parameter Analysis 3.8 IDS Performance Parameter Analysis 4 Conclusion References Analysis of PI, PR and SMC Controllers for Bidirectional Converter Used in Electric Vehicle 1 Introduction 2 Battery Charging Circuits for EVS 3 Traditional PI Controller for G2V Mode of Operation 4 PR Controller for G2V Mode of Operation 5 PI, PR and SMC Controller for V2G Mode of Operation 6 Conclusion Reference A Review of Design and Protocol for Smart Continuous Monitoring E-Health Systems in 5G 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 Architecture of 5G Networks 2.2 Advantages of 5G Networks in Healthcare Systems 2.3 Existing Design and protocols—A Review 3 Research Gaps 4 Conclusion References Blockchain-Based Agriculture Assistance 1 Introduction 2 Objectives 3 Steps in Working of Blockchain 4 How Blockchain Can Be Implemented 5 Why Blockchain in Agriculture? 6 Algorithm 7 Architecture 8 Explanation 9 Difference Between Normal Agriculture and Blockchain-Based Agriculture 10 Tool Used to Build a Blockchain Network 11 Steps to Build a Blockchain Network 11.1 Advantages of Blockchain 11.2 Advantages of Using Blockchain in Agriculture 12 Conclusion References Design and Operation of Modular Multilevel Converter with Phase-Shift Carrier PWM for Grid Integration 1 Introduction 2 MMC Configuration 3 Mathematical Modeling of MMC 4 Design of ARM Inductance and Submodule Capacitance for a Three-Phase System 5 Capacitor Voltage Balancing 6 Current Controller 7 Fault-Tolerant Condition 8 Simulation Results of Three-Phase MMC for Grid Integration 9 Conclusion References Sliding Mode Control Design for Higher-Order Uncertain System 1 Introduction 2 Design of Sliding Mode Control Using Ackermann’s Formula 2.1 Sliding Mode with Reduced Order 2.2 Full Order Sliding Mode 3 Simulation Studies 4 Conclusion References Design and Configuration of IoT-Based Application for Vacuum Parameter Monitoring and Trigger Control Output for Thermovacuum System 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Proposed Methodology 3.1 Relay Control Circuit 3.2 Hardware System Configuration with IoT Platform 3.3 Software System Configuration 4 Result and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Low-Power Deep-Submicron CMOS Adder Using Optimized Delay Universal Gates 1 Introduction 2 Review of Well-Known Techniques 3 CMOS VLSI Circuits Design Techniques 4 Optimal Delay Gates 4.1 Optimal Delay NOT Gate 4.2 Optimal Delay NAND Gate 4.3 Optimal Delay NOR Gate 5 Simulation Results 6 Conclusion References Pentatope Based Elliptic Curve Encryption for Privacy and Protection of Multimedia Data 1 Introduction 2 Prerequisites 2.1 Cryptography 2.2 Elliptic Curve Cryptography 2.3 RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) 3 Pentatope-Based ECC 3.1 Pentatope-Based ECC: Key Generation Process 3.2 Pentatope-Based ECC: Encryption Process 3.3 Pentatope-Based ECC: Decryption Process 4 Results and Crypt Analysis 5 Conclusion References Emergency Vehicle Detection in Traffic Surveillance Using Region-Based Convolutional Neural Networks 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 RCNN-Based Emergency Vehicle Detection 3 Vehicle Counting and Speed Estimation 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Automated Drip Irrigation System Using Neural Network 1 Introduction 2 Proposed Automated Drip Irrigation 2.1 Block Diagram of the Proposed System 2.2 Working Principle of Automated Drip Irrigation System 2.3 Components and Techniques Used Soil 3 Methodology 3.1 Field Preparation 3.2 Planting 3.3 Flowering 3.4 Maturity 4 Results and Analysis 5 Conclusion References Hyper-Spectral Image Classification with Support Vector Machine 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Dataset 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Smart Women Safety Device 1 Introduction 2 Block Diagram 3 Existing Methods 4 Hardware Specifications 4.1 Arduino UNO 4.2 GPS Module 4.3 GSM Module 4.4 Heart Beat Sensor 4.5 Temperature Sensor 4.6 Triple Axis Accelerometer 5 Software Specifications 6 Methodology 7 Results and Discussion 8 Conclusion 9 Future Scope References Prediction and Classification of Cardiac Arrhythmia Using a Machine Learning Approach 1 Introduction 1.1 UCI Arrhythmia Dataset 2 Implementation of Algorithms 2.1 Logistic Regression 2.2 Latent Dirichlet Allocation 2.3 Quadratic Discriminant Analysis 2.4 K-Nearest Neighbours 2.5 Support Vector Classifier 2.6 Support Vector Machine 2.7 Decision Trees 2.8 Extreme Gradient Boost (XGBoost) 3 Results and Discussion References Design and Implementation of Safety Suit Using IoT 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Works 2.1 Sensors 2.2 Materials Used 3 Wireless Network 4 Sensor Assembly and Working 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Temperature 5.2 Pressure(mm Hg) 5.3 Heart Beat Rate 6 Conclusion References Analysis, Design, and Verification of High Frequency MOSFET Gate Drivers 1 Introduction 2 Modelling 3 Sine Gate Drivers 4 Design of Sine Gate Drive 5 Design Procedure 6 Experimental Setup 7 Conclusion References Wearable Tactile Braille Device Using (Modular Low-Cost Braille Electronic Display) MOLBED and Finger-Held Scroller 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 System Architecture 3.1 Modular Low-Cost Braille Electronic Display (MOLBED) 3.2 Finger-Held Scroller 3.3 Bluetooth Receiver Module 3.4 Dedicated System on Chip (SoC) 3.5 Power Supply 4 System Flow 5 Conclusion and Future Expansion References Friction Compensation in Robot Manipulator Using Artificial Neural Network 1 Introduction 2 Problem Statement 3 Robot Manipulator Modeling 4 Artificial Neural Network 5 Control Procedure 6 Simulation Results 7 Modeling Error and Noise Effect Investigation 8 Discussion 9 Conclusion References Univariate Sensor Data Prediction Using Conventional and Machine Learning Based Time Series Techniques 1 Introduction 2 Dataset 3 Time Series Techniques 3.1 Conventional Time Series Prediction Techniques 3.2 Machine Learning-Based Time Series Prediction Techniques 3.3 Forecast Metrics for Evaluation 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusion and Future Work References A Study of Smart Cancer Detection System Using Image Processing and Deep Learning 1 Introduction 2 Existing Methodology 2.1 Biopsy 2.2 Study and Survey of Thyroid Cancer 3 Proposed Method 3.1 Image Acquisition 3.2 Image Enhancement or Preprocessing 3.3 Operations by Pre-trained Network 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Priority Parking Based on Cloud Technology 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Working Principle 4 Flow Diagram 4.1 User Request 4.2 Parking Slots-Availability 5 Software Implementation 6 Specification 7 Results 8 Conclusion 9 Future Scope References Geometric Approach for Disturbance Decoupling in Speed Control of PMSM 1 Introduction 2 PMSM Model 3 Geometric Methods 3.1 General Procedure 3.2 Geometric Method for Disturbance Decoupling of PMSM 4 Speed Controller Design 5 Simulation Results 5.1 Model Validation 5.2 Linearized PMSM Model 5.3 Performance of LQI 6 Conclusion References Automation of Car Based on 7 Concepts 1 Introduction 2 Challenges of Existing System 3 Proposed System and Methodology 3.1 Hardware Specifications 3.2 Software Specifications 3.3 The Components of the Proposed Systems are as Follows: 4 Wind Turbine 4.1 Why Wind Energy? 5 Details of Sensors in Proposed System 5.1 Dynamo Motor 5.2 Fingerprint Sensor 5.3 RFID Scanner 5.4 Hydrogen Fuel 5.5 Heartbeat Sensor 5.6 GPRS/GSM 6 Conclusion References Detecting Duplicate Question Pairs Using GloVe Embeddings and Similarity Measures 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Methodology 3.1 Data Preprocessing 3.2 Extracting Features from Text 3.3 Word Embeddings 4 Results 5 Conclusion and Future Work References Development of Copper Nanoparticles from E-waste for Biomedical Applications 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Details 2.1 Materials 2.2 Methods 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Bioleaching 3.2 Chemical Reduction 4 Conclusion References Text Emotion Classification Using Stacked CNNs and LSTMs 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Methodology 3.1 Data Collection and Preprocessing 3.2 Word Embeddings 3.3 Modelling 4 Results 5 Conclusion and Future Work References Smart Irrigation Using Embedded System 1 Introduction 1.1 Related Works 1.2 Objective 2 Proposed System 3 Implementation 3.1 Dry Condition (Without Rain) 3.2 Dry Condition (With Rain) 3.3 Wet Condition 3.4 Conservation of Water 3.5 PV Panels 3.6 Charge Controller 3.7 Battery 4 Results 5 Conclusion References A Comparative Study of Machine Learning Classifiers for Diabetic Retinopathy Detection 1 Introduction 2 Review of Literature 3 Materials and Methodology 3.1 Classifiers 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Performance Evaluation of LQR Method for Motor Employed in Medical Grade Infusion Pump 1 Introduction 2 System Design 2.1 DC Motor 2.2 LQR Method 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Performance Analysis of Segmentor Adversarial Network (SegAN) on Bio-Medical Images for Image Segmentation 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Dataset Description 3.1 Brats 2017 Brain Tumor 3.2 ISIC 2018 Skin Lesion 4 SegAN Architecture 5 Results and Discussion 6 Conclusion References An Improved Approach for Extracting Features and Classifying Motor Imagery EEG Signals Through Machine Learning 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 2.1 Data Collection 2.2 Signal Preprocessing 2.3 Feature Extraction 2.4 Classification 3 Proposed Method 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Tuberculosis Classification Using Pre-trained Deep Learning Models 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Dataset Description 3.1 Extraction of ROI 3.2 Data Augmentation and Pre-Processing 4 Architecture 4.1 MobileNetV2 4.2 DenseNet 5 Experiments and Results 6 Comparison of Our Work 7 Conclusion References Classification of Epileptic EEG Signal from Normal EEG Using Wavelet Transforms 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Extracting EEG Datasets. 2.2 Processing EEG Signal for Feature Extraction. 2.3 Observation on Basis of Power Spectrum. 3 Results 3.1 Power Spectral Analysis 3.2 Feature Selection 4 Conclusion References Gas Leakage Detection and Shutoff System 1 Introduction 2 Schematic Diagram 3 Hardware Used 3.1 Arduino UNO 3.2 Gas Sensor-MQ-6 3.3 MCB 3.4 Relay 3.5 Contactor 3.6 Solenoid Valve 3.7 GSM Module 3.8 LED Display 3.9 Buzzer 4 Conclusion References A Smart Delimit Scrutinization Droid for Defence Border Surveillance Through LIDAR 1 Introduction 2 Proposed Circuit of the Mobile Robot 2.1 Power Supply Module 2.2 Sensing Module 2.3 Day/Night Camera 2.4 GPS Module 2.5 Ubiquiti Bullet 3 Working of the Robot 4 Conclusion References Artificial Intelligence-Based Real-Time Control of Induction Motor Using dSPACE Controller 1 Introduction 2 Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of Induction Motor 3 Artificial Intelligent Controller 4 Hardware Implementation of AI-Based IMD 5 Conclusion Appendix A References Detection of Vehicle Emissions Through Green IoT for Pollution Control 1 Introduction 2 Development of the Device Proposed 2.1 Why an Approach Toward Non-cellular Wireless Communication LoRa (Long Range)? 2.2 WMTC Emissions Limits For Gasoline Vehicles 3 Experimental Setup 3.1 Sender Code 4 Experimental Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion and Future Enhancement References Prognostic Monitoring and Analyzing System for Motors 1 Introduction 2 Approach 3 Hardware Design 3.1 Block Diagram 3.2 Components 3.3 Induction Motor Faults 4 Software Design 4.1 Description of Software 4.2 Communication Map 4.3 Flowchart 5 Working 6 Observations 7 Analysis and Results 8 Novelty 8.1 Digital Twin 9 Google Assistant 10 Conclusion References Investigation of Switched Capacitor Quasi-Z-Source DC-DC Converter for E-Trike Battery Charger 1 Introduction 2 Review of QZS DC-DC Converter Topologies 2.1 Classical QZSC 2.2 Switched Capacitor QZSC (SC-QZSC) 3 Analysis of QZS DC-DC Converter Topologies 4 Simulation Results 5 Hardware Results 6 Conclusion References Smart Digital Bus Ticketing System 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Architecture 3.1 Hardware 3.2 Software 4 Implementations 5 Conclusion 6 Future Work References Efficient and Economically Optimized Way to Limit Inrush Current in an Induction Motor Using Solid-State Devices 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Proposed Work 3.1 Power Supply Unit 3.2 Zero-Crossing Detector 3.3 Ramp Generator 3.4 Level Circuit 4 Final Circuit 5 Results 6 Conclusion References Preliminary Study on Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast Coverage Design in the Mountainous Terrains of Bhutan 1 Introduction 2 SDR-Based ADS-B Test Bed Development 3 ADS-B System Calibration 4 Preliminary Measurement 5 Results and Discussions 6 Conclusion References Violent Event Detection: An Approach Using Fusion GHOG-GIST Descriptor 1 Introduction 2 Previous Works and Contribution 3 Proposed Methodology 3.1 GHOG Feature Descriptor 3.2 GIST Feature Descriptor 3.3 GHOG-GIST Descriptor 3.4 Classifier 3.5 Post-processing 4 Experimental Results and Discussion 4.1 Violent Dataset 4.2 Experimentation Setting 4.3 Results and Analysis 5 Conclusion References CPW-Fed Planar Antenna with Corrugated Patch for Multiple Operations 1 Introduction 2 Antenna Geometry 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Real-Time Simulation and Performance Analysis of SMIB System with PSO-PSS Using dSPACE Simulator 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Modelling of Single Machine Infinite Bus System 3 Problem Formulation of Optimization Algorithm for SMIB System 3.1 Autonomous Group Particle Swarm Optimization (AGPSO) 3.2 Different Types with Updating Formula for PSO 4 Results and Discussion 5 Implementation in Real-Time 5.1 dSPACE Simulator 5.2 Real-Time Simulation of SMIB System with PSO-Based PSS 6 Conclusion References PolyOnto: Conceptual Modeling and Evaluation of Ontologies for Polymerization Reactions Based on XML to OWL Transfiguration 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Proposed Methodology 4 Conceptualization 5 Implementation 5.1 Description of Objects 5.2 Description of Compounds in XML 5.3 Depiction of Reactions in XML 6 RDF/OWL Classification of the Reaction Hierarchy 6.1 Reaction Initialization 7 Evaluation and Discussion 8 Conclusion References Design of a Photoacoustic Imaging System 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 PAI Circuit 2.2 Tissue Phantom 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Image Extraction Using Image Attribute Conception Technique 1 Introduction 2 Proposed Methodology and Experimental Setup 3 Color Feature Extraction 4 Shape Feature 5 Application Response 6 Results and Experimental Outcomes 7 Conclusion References An Overview and Advancement of Electricity Peak Load Saving Methods: A Review 1 Introduction 2 Demand Side Management 2.1 Energy Efficiency 2.2 Demand Response 3 Useful Outcome of Review References Soft Computing Approaches for Automotive Image Processing: Opportunities and Challenges 1 Introduction 2 Challenges in Automotive Image Processing 2.1 Image Acquisition 2.2 Image Enhancement 2.3 Image Segmentation 2.4 Representation, Description, Recognition, and Estimation 3 Soft Computing in Automotive Image Processing 3.1 Fuzzy Logic in an Automotive Image Processing 3.2 Neural Computing in Automotive Image Processing 3.3 Evolutionary Computing in Automotive Image Processing 3.4 Machine Learning in Automotive Image Processing 3.5 Summary of Soft Computing Usage in Automotive Image Processing 4 Conclusion References Application of Electric Source Imaging for Analysis of Epileptic Seizures 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 EEG Data Acquisition and Pre-processing 2.2 Creation of Patient Specific Head Model and Digitization of EEG Electrode Position Coordinates from MRI 2.3 Identifying the Focus 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusion References Design and Analysis of BLDC Motor for Electric Vehicle Application 1 Introduction 2 Design of BLDC Motor 3 Finite Element Method 4 Testing of BLDC Motor 5 Conclusion References Review on Power System Instability and Its Mitigation Techniques 1 Introduction 1.1 Rotor Angle Instability 1.2 Voltage Instability 1.3 Frequency Instability 2 Inter-mode Oscillations 3 Sub-Synchronous Resonance and Oscillations 4 Stability Improvement Techniques 4.1 System Voltage 4.2 Reduction in Transfer Reactance 4.3 Use of High Speed Circuit Breaker 4.4 Automatic Reclosing 4.5 Transient Stability 4.6 Turbine Fast Valving 4.7 Application of Braking Resistor 4.8 Single Pole Switching 5 Conclusion References Design of Electric Vehicle with the Help of Regenerative Braking System 1 Introduction 2 Proposed System 2.1 Battery Setup 2.2 Assembly of Battery 3 Bearing with Bearing Cap 3.1 Introduction 4 Torque Arm 4.1 Working 5 Hub Motor Controller 5.1 Working 6 BLDC Motor 6.1 Working Principle of Regenerative Brake 6.2 Results and Discussion 7 Conclusion References PLC-Based Fire Accident Prevention System 1 Introduction 2 Design 3 Working 4 Conclusion References Advancement in Onchip Clocking to Improve ATPG Coverage Between Clock Domains 1 Introduction 1.1 Importance of Asynchronous OCC 1.2 Importance of Synchronous OCC 2 Working of Sync OCC 2.1 OCC Synchronizer Block Diagram 3 ATPG 3.1 How to write Clocking Procedure for Sync OCC 4 Results 5 Conclusions 6 Future Scope References Six-Wheeled Wireless Bomb Defusal Rover 1 Introduction 2 Mechanical and Structural Design 3 Electrical and Control System 4 Traction Calculation and Implementation 5 Limitations 6 Conclusion References RGA-Based Stabilizer for Stability Enhancement Using Local and Wide-Area Signals 1 Introduction 2 Analysis of Low-Frequency Oscillations 2.1 Eigenvalue Analysis 3 Proposed Method for Damping Low-Frequency Oscillations in Power System 4 Problem Formulation-Optimal Tuning for CPSS and WAPSS 5 Real-Coded Genetic Algorithm (RGA) 6 Implementation of RGA for Tuning the Parameters of CPSS and WAPSS 6.1 Representation of Individuals 6.2 Calculation of Fitness Value 7 Results and Discussions 8 Conclusion References Enhancing Learnability of Classification Algorithms Using Simple Data Preprocessing in fMRI Scans of Alzheimer’s Disease 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 3.1 Dataset Description 3.2 Dataset Preprocessing and Training 4 Segmentation and Grayscale Conversion 4.1 Classification 5 Results and Conclusion References A Family of Extendable Multitudinous Source DC-DC Converter with High Gain for Microgrid 1 Introduction 2 High Gain Multitudinous Source (HGMS) DC-DC Converter 2.1 Operation of HGMS Topologies 3 Design of the Proposed Converter 4 Conclusion References Hybrid Scheme for Reduction of PAPR in Hadamard Precoding-Based OFDM System 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 OFDM System 2.2 Hadamard Precoded OFDM 3 Proposed Scheme 4 Simulation Results 5 Conclusion References Implementation of Square Architecture Based on Yavadunam Sutra Using Multiplexer-Based Full Adders 1 Introduction 2 One-Bit Full Adder Designs Using Multiplexers 3 Square Architecture Based on Yavadunam Sutras Using One-Bit Multiplexer-Based Full Adder 4 Simulation Results 5 Conclusion References FVSI Based Load Stability Enhancement with Shunt Compensator 1 Introduction 2 Line Stability Indices 3 Conclusion References Multifunctional Load Cell and RFID with Stock Management 1 Introduction 2 Proposed System 2.1 Flowchart 2.2 Components and Techniques. 3 Equations for Measuring Quantity and Calibrating Load Cell 3.1 Calibrating Load Cell and Bucket 3.2 Measuring Quantity 3.3 Price 4 Comparison with Other Technique and Outcomes 5 Conclusion References Design and Implementation of a Low-Cost Power Diagnosis Node for Monitoring the Stand-Alone PV System in the Mockery of IoT 1 Introduction 2 Proposed System 3 Implementation 3.1 Important Devices 3.2 Experimental Setup 3.3 PV Panel Parameters 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Outputs 4.2 Hardware Prototype 4.3 Cost Calculation 5 Conclusion References Comparison of Wind Energy Systems with TSR & HCS-Based ANFIS MPPT Controller 1 Introduction 2 Modeling of Wind Turbine 2.1 Wind Energy Conversion System Using PMSG 2.2 Pitch Control Mechanism 3 Maximum Power Point Tracking 4 Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) 5 Results and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Phonocardiography (PCG) Signal Optimization and Compression for Low Line Transmission in Telemedicine 1 Introduction 2 Literature Reviews 3 Methodology 4 System Evaluation and Design 4.1 Data Acquisition Unit 4.2 Motif Pattern Extraction 4.3 Compression Unit 4.4 Signal Packaging and Transmission 4.5 Signal Decompression and Regeneration Unit 5 Results and Discussions 5.1 Heart Sound Processing and Noise Removal 5.2 Magnitude and Power Spectrum Processing and Optimization 6 Conclusion References Design of Minimum-Power High-Speed CMOS Amplifier Using Self Biased Current Reference Circuit for Biosensor Application 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Materials and Method 3.1 CMOS Bias Generator 3.2 Proposed two-Stage Design 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References A Self-Compensated Low-Pass Gain Circuit for Biomedical Applications 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Proposed System 3.1 Transfer Functions 3.2 The Passband Point of Cancelation Besides the Body Effect 4 The Representation of Fourth Low-Pass Filter in Order in Cascade 5 Experimental Results 6 Conclusion References Solar Panel Position Monitoring System for Maximum Power Generation 1 Introduction 1.1 Solar Energy 1.2 Wind Energy 1.3 Hydro Energy 1.4 Biomass 2 Power Generation Using Solar 3 Need of Solar Energy and Solar Tracking System 4 Mathematical Model of Solar Cell 5 Operation of the System 6 Hardware Circuit 7 Results 8 Conclusion Appendix Reference DNS Security—Overview and Analysis 1 Introduction 1.1 Types of DNS Attacks 1.2 Major Incidents: DNS Attacks 1.3 DNS Security 1.4 Method 1: Blacklisting Method 1.5 Method 2: Machine Learning 1.6 Random Forest 1.7 Multi-layer Perceptron Network References Performance Analysis of PV System Under Partial Shading Condition Using Predictive Current Control 1 Introduction 2 Proposed Predictive Current Control Algorithm 2.1 Calculation of Reference Current Using P&O Algorithm 2.2 Calculation of Reference Current Using Predictive Mean Value Algorithm 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Case 1: Partial Shading Conditions with Step Input Signal 3.2 Case 2:Uniform Irradiance with Ramp Input Signal 4 Conclusion References Garbage Monitoring System Using IoT for Mobile Application 1 Introduction 1.1 Components Required 1.2 HC-SR04 Sensor Features 1.3 HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor—Working 1.4 Application 1.5 NodeMCU Esp8266 1.6 Arduino UNO 2 Literature Review 3 Proposed Work 4 Configuring BLYNK App 5 Experimental Results 6 Conclusion References Flood Damage Assessment Using H-A-Alpha Dual Polarimetric Decomposition for Godavari Flood-2019 1 Introduction 1.1 Study Area and Data Used 1.2 H-A-Alpha Decomposition 2 Dual Polarimetric Decomposition 2.1 Entropy 2.2 Anisotropy 2.3 Alpha 3 Results 4 Conclusions References Autonomous Vehicle Spray Paint and Defect Detection Using Machine Vision 1 Introduction 2 Background Study 3 Components Used 3.1 Camera 3.2 Weight Sensor 3.3 Raspberry Pie 4 Dataset 4.1 Image Annotation 5 Proposed Methodology 5.1 Faster RCNN 5.2 Robotic Arm 6 Results 6.1 Faster RCNN 6.2 Robotic Arm 7 Industrial Impact 8 Conclusion References A Concept Framework for Design and Evaluation of Heavy-Duty Vehicle Platoons 1 Introduction 1.1 Concept of Platooning 1.2 Challenges in Platooning 2 Discussion 3 Simulation Methodology of Concept Framework 4 Summary 4.1 Advantages of This Framework 4.2 Limitations 5 Conclusion References mm-Wave MIMO Channel Modeling and Estimation 1 Introduction 1.1 5G Key Drivers 1.2 5G Architectures 2 mm-Wave Wireless Technology 2.1 mm-Wave Channel Models 3 Conventional MIMO Architectures 4 Hybrid Analog-Digital Precoding and Combining 5 mm-Wave MIMO System Architecture 5.1 Algorithm for Precoder Optimization 5.2 Combiner Design 5.3 Algorithm for Combiner Optimization 6 Results 7 Conclusion References Life Cycle Energy Analysis of an Isolated Photovoltaic-Wind-Battery Microgrid in India 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Photovoltaic-Wind-Battery System Under Study 4 Life Cycle Energy Analysis of the Microgrid 5 Results and Conclusion References Information Retrieval System Based on Query Translation Approach for Cross-Languages 1 Introduction 2 Information Retrieval System 3 Related Work 4 Design of CLIR System 5 Result and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Black Box—Vehicular Accident Detection and Automatic Intimation System 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Functionality 3 Device Structure 3.1 Accelerometer 3.2 Gyroscope 3.3 GPS Module 3.4 Microcontroller (Atmega328P) 3.5 Bluetooth Module 3.6 Mobile Application 3.7 Local Database 4 Algorithm 4.1 Black Box Hardware System 4.2 Mobile Application 4.3 Synchronization Protocol 5 Prototype 6 Cost Analysis 7 Threshold Values 7.1 Acceleration 7.2 Toppling 7.3 Device Range 8 Tests and Results 8.1 Conditions for Accident Detection 8.2 Conditions to Ignore 9 Conclusion and Future Work References Power Quality Improvement Using Shunt Active Filter with SRF Theory for Residential Loads 1 Introduction 2 Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF) 2.1 Synchronous Reference Frame Theory (SRF) 3 System Description 3.1 Non- Linear Load Current and Distorted Current Analysis 4 Introduction of Shunt Active Filter with SRFT Algorithm 4.1 Importance of DC Link Voltage 5 Result Analysis 6 Conclusion References Investigation on Centralized and Decentralized Fuzzy Inference Systems for Intelligent Light Illumination in Vehicle Headlights 1 Introduction 2 Proposed System 2.1 Design of Sensing System 2.2 Design of Actuator System 2.3 Design of Fuzzy Inference System 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References A Review of Energy Management Control Schemes for Energy Harvesting Systems 1 Introduction 2 EMC Algorithms 3 Comparison of EMC Algorithms 4 Conclusion References Reversible Fade Gate as Decoder, Encoder and Full Adder 1 Introduction 2 Proposed Reversible FADE (Full Adder, Decoder, Encoder) 3 Results and Analysis 4 Conclusion References Mapping of Wet and Dry Snow for Himalayan Glaciers Using Band Ratioing and Thresholding Techniques 1 Introduction 2 Study Area 3 Data Used 4 Methodology 5 Results 6 Conclusion References Design of Multibaryonic H-Shaped Coupled Microstrip Antenna for Wi-Fi, WiMAX and 5G Applications 1 Introduction 2 Antenna Design 2.1 Analysis of the Structure 3 Simulation Results 3.1 VSWR 3.2 Proficiency 3.3 Radiation Efficiency (RE) 4 Conclusion References Implementation of Carrier-Based PWM Technique for a Three-Level T-Type 25 kW Solar Inverter 1 Introduction 1.1 Principle of Operation 1.2 Description of Switches 1.3 Commutation of Current 2 Analysis of Proposed PWM Techniques 2.1 Min–Max Technique 2.2 Third Harmonic Injection PWM Technique 3 Simulation Results 3.1 Simulation Diagram of Min–Max Technique 3.2 Simulation Diagram of Third Harmonic Injection PWM Technique 4 Experimental Results 5 Conclusion References Performance Evaluation of Carrier-Based Modulation Strategies for Five-Level Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) 1 Introduction 2 MMC—Basic Operating Principles 2.1 MMC Structure 2.2 Mathematical Model of MMC 3 MMC Modulation Techniques Studied 3.1 Multi-carrier PWM Techniques 3.2 SM Capacitor Voltage Balancing 4 Simulation Study 5 Conclusion References A Review of Approximate Multipliers and Its Applications 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Results and Discussion 4 Applications 5 Conclusion References Epileptic Seizure Detection of EEG Signal Using Wavelet Based Feature Extraction and Machine Learning Algorithms 1 Introduction 1.1 EEG Dataset 2 Proposed Methodology 2.1 Signal Decomposition Using DWT 2.2 Statistical Feature from Discrete Wavelets Transform (DWT) Coefficients 2.3 Performance Parameters 3 Results and Review 4 Conclusion References Multi-exposure Image Reconstruction by Energy-Based Fusion Technique 1 Introduction 2 Existing System 3 System Design 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Modeling and Control of Electric Power Assist System in Steering 1 Introduction 2 Electric Power Steering System 3 Modeling 4 Methodology 5 Simulation Result 6 Simulation Diagram 6.1 Controller Evaluation 7 Conclusion References Implementation of Iterative Learning Control Schemes on Maglev System 1 Introduction 2 Problem Formulation 3 Iterative Learning Control 3.1 Past Cycle Feedback (PCF) 3.2 Current Cycle Feedback (CCF) 3.3 Combination of CCF and PCF 4 Magnetic Levitation System 4.1 Mathematical Modeling 5 Experimental Results 5.1 Nominal Case 5.2 Plant with Disturbance 5.3 Plant with Model Uncertainties 5.4 Error Comparison 6 Conclusion References Gear Prediction Using Unsupervised Machine Learning to Aid Driver Profile Detection and Correction 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Design and Implementation 3.1 Hardware Setup 3.2 Component Selection 3.3 Reading Sensor Values from OBD II Bus 3.4 Clustering Algorithm Accuracy Analysis and Comparison 4 Experimental Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion and Future Work References Application of Ackermann’s Recurrence Relation and Moore Machine on Cryptography 1 Introduction 1.1 Recurrence Relation 1.2 Ackermann Function 1.3 Moore Machine 2 Algorithm 2.1 Encryption 2.2 Decryption 2.3 Example 3 Computational Analysis 4 Conclusion References Automatic Generation Control of Single Area Power System with PID Controller Using State Space Approach 1 Introduction 2 PID Controller and Z-N Tuning 3 Single Area Power System 4 State Space Model 5 Design of LQR Controller [3] 6 Simulation and Results 7 MATLAB Program: 8 Conclusions References An Optimized Wireless Power Transmission Coil Design for Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) Charging Application 1 Introduction 2 Wireless Power Transmission 3 Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) Charging 3.1 Challenges 4 Optimized Wireless Transformer Coil Design 4.1 Conventional Wireless Transformer with High Coupling Factor (k > 0.3) 4.2 Proposed Wireless Transformer Design with Lower Coupling Factor (k = 0.05) 4.3 Hardware Verification 5 Conclusion References IoT-Based Smart Electrification System 1 Introduction 2 System Design 2.1 Hardware Setup 2.2 Kalman Filter Implementation 3 Simulation Results 4 Conclusion References Analysis of Torque Ripple Characteristics of Induction Motor for Whole-Coiled and Half-Coiled Windings 1 Introduction 2 Design of Three-Phase 1.1 kW Induction Machine 2.1 Whole-Coiled and Half-Coiled Windings 2.2 Constant Power and Constant Torque Load 3 ANSYS Maxwell Simulation Results 4 Conclusion References Optimal PMU Placement in Smart Grid Including the Effects of Zero Injection Buses 1 Introduction 2 Problem Description and Formulation 2.1 Zero-injection Bus (ZIB) 2.2 Conventional Measurements (CMs) 3 Proposed Methodology 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Optimal Planning of PV-Diesel Hybrid Systems 1 Introduction 2 System Model 2.1 Diesel Generator 2.2 Solar Panel 3 Problem Formulation 3.1 Objective Function 4 Proposed Methodology 5 Case Study 5.1 Case Study 6 Results and Discussions 6.1 Only DGs 6.2 Combination of DGs and PVs 7 Conclusion References Image Interpolation Using Non-adaptive Scaling Algorithms for Multimedia Applications—A Survey 1 Introduction 2 Non-adaptive Image Interpolation Methods 3 Comparative Analysis 4 Conclusion References Control of SOFC Systems for DG Application Using MATLAB/Simulink 1 Introduction 2 Fuel Cell (FC) Classifications 3 Fuel Plant Description 4 Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) 5 SOFC Modeling 5.1 SOFC System Simulink Model 5.2 DC/DC Boost Converter Simulink Model 5.3 Simulink Model of DC/AC Converter 6 Conclusion References Concept Bank Driven Semantic Video Retrieval Model 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Concept Bank/Object Bank 3 Experimental Findings 4 Conclusion References DDCVS Logic for Asynchronous Gate-Level Pipelined Circuits 1 Introduction 2 Implementation of Asynchronous Pipelined Ripple-Carry Adder Based on the Proposed Approach 3 Simulation Results 4 Conclusion References Minisun IDEEA Life Gait for Gait Analysis 1 Introduction 1.1 Objective and Scope 1.2 Various Steps Involved in IDEEA Life Gait 2 Theory of Gait Analysis 2.1 Gait and Gait Analysis 3 IDEEA 3.1 Hardware: 3.2 Software Package 3.3 Hardware Package 3.4 IDEEA Main Recorder (Recorder) 3.5 Subrecorders 3.6 Charger 4 Software Package 4.1 IDEEA3.Exe Program 4.2 ActView3.exe (GaitView) 5 Hardware Installation 5.1 Sensor Installation 5.2 Sensor Attached on Chest 5.3 Sensors Attached on Both Legs 5.4 Sensors Attached on Both Ankles 5.5 Sensors Attached Under Both Feet 6 Mathematical Expression 7 Experimental Results 8 Conclusion References Melanoma Detection Using Recurrent Neural Network 1 Introduction 2 Proposed Methodology 2.1 Preprocessing 2.2 Image Segmentation 2.3 Feature Extraction Using GLCM 2.4 ABCD Features 2.5 Recurrent Neural Network 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Datasets 3.2 Graphical User Interface 3.3 Implementation 4 Conclusion and Future Work References Fault Detection in Electro-Mechanical Actuator System 1 Introduction 2 System Modelling 2.1 System Identification and Parameter Estimation 3 Simulation and Results 3.1 Simulation of Normal EMA System 3.2 Simulation of Fault EMA System 3.3 Model Comparison and Results 4 Conclusion References Face Template Security: LBP-Based LSB Watermarking Technique for Multi-class SVM Classification Using HoG 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Technical Work 3.1 Local Binary Pattern (LBP) 3.2 Least Significant Bit (LSB) 3.3 Gabor Filters 3.4 Histogram of Gradients (HoG) 3.5 Multi-Class Support Vector Classification (SVC) 4 Proposed Approach 5 Results 6 Conclusion References Experimental Validation of Fuzzy SMC and Lyapunov Fuzzy SMC Over a Cylindroconical Fermenter 1 Introduction 2 Sliding Mode Controller 2.1 Fuzzy-Based SMC 2.2 Lyapunov Fuzzy SMC 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusion References Capacitive Touch Sensing-Based Automated Collaborative Robotic Arm 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Setup 2.1 Hardware Design 2.2 Record and Playback Functions 2.3 Capacitive Sensing 3 Result and Discussion 4 Conclusion References A Novel Model of Active Balancing Supercapacitors Using Renewable Energy Harvesting System 1 Introduction 1.1 Control System 1.2 Crisp Logic 1.3 Fuzzy Logic 2 Literature Review 3 Mathematical Modeling 4 Methodology 4.1 Balancing Technique 4.2 Block Diagram of Proposed Model 5 Findings and Results 6 Result and Discussion References Secured Healthcare Monitoring System 1 Introduction 2 Related Methods 3 Proposed Approach 3.1 Key Generation 3.2 Encryption 3.3 Break-Glass Key Extraction 3.4 Decryption with Two Access Control Mechanism 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion and Future Work References Fault Diagnosis of Nonlinear System Using Particle Filter 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Modeling of 2DOF Helicopter 3 Particle Filter 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusion References Reducing Road Accidents in India by Predicting Vehicle Defects and Black Spots 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 Dataset 2.2 Methodology 2.3 Results Analysis 3 Experimental Results 3.1 Dataset 3.2 Accuracy Measure 4 Conclusion 5 Future Work References Intelligent Traffic Prediction Using LSTM Network 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Model 4 LSTM 5 Results and Conclusion References Performance Analysis of Various Cryptographic Techniques 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Elliptic Curve Diffie–Hellman (ECDH) [1] Algorithm 2.2 Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA) [2] Encryption Algorithm 2.3 International Data Encryption Algorithm [2] (IDEA) 2.4 Rivest-Cipher Four [3] (RC4) Encryption Algorithm 2.5 Data Encryption Standard (DES) [5] Algorithm 3 Evaluation and Results 3.1 Evaluation of Various Encryption Techniques 3.2 Comparison of Performance Measures 4 Conclusion References Smart Health Monitoring Using LabVIEW 1 Introduction 2 Non-invasive Sensors 2.1 Basic Sensors Used in Health Monitoring 3 Smart Health Monitoring Through Arduino and Labview 3.1 Circuit Diagram of Pulse Sensor and Arduino Uno 3.2 Circuit Diagram of LM35 Temperature Sensor Interfacing Arduino 3.3 Circuit Diagram of ADXL335 Accelerometer Interfacing Arduino 4 Testing and Simulation Using Proteus 8 and LabVIEW 4.1 Simulation of Heart Beat Sensor in Proteus 8 4.2 Simulation of LM35 Temperature Sensor in Proteus 8 4.3 Creating LabVIEW Panel for Testing Sensors 4.4 Using LINX Module for Arduino Interfacing 5 Conclusion References Rainfall Forecasting for Raising the Yield Production Using Machine Learning Algorithms 1 Introduction 1.1 Objective 2 Proposed Methodology 2.1 Data Collection and Preprocessing 2.2 Machine Learning Algorithms—Multiple Linear Regressions 2.3 Support Vector Regressions 2.4 Random Forest Regression 2.5 Recurrent Neural Network 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Dataset 3.2 Performance—Multiple Linear Regression 3.3 ROC Curve 3.4 Testing 4 Conclusion References Open-Switch Fault Analysis of Three-Level Neutral Point Clamped Inverter 1 Introduction 2 Simulation Result 3 Hardware Result 4 Conclusion References Fresh Water Aqua Culturing Using Under Water Sensors 1 Introduction 2 Aquafarms Monitoring 3 System Implementation 4 Experimental Results 5 Conclusion References An Adaptive Evolutionary Approach for Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks 1 Introduction 2 Localization 3 Related Work 3.1 Range-Based Approach for Localization 3.2 Range-Free Approach for Localization 4 Proposed Work 4.1 Increasing the Number of Reference Nodes 4.2 Tabu Search Method 5 Result Analysis 6 Conclusions References A Novel Cross Connected Square T-Type Multilevel Inverter 1 Introduction 2 Operation of the Proposed Module 3 Extension of the Proposed Topology 3.1 Extension 1 3.2 Extension 2 4 Comparative Study 5 Simulation Study 6 Conclusions References IOT-Enabled Economic Planning of a Solar PV System for Long-Term Horizon Under Demand and Climatic Scenario 1 Introduction 2 Proposed Planning of Solar PV Installation 2.1 Data Acquisition Phase 2.2 Prediction Phase 2.3 Planning Phase 3 Hardware Design and Implementation 3.1 Data Acquisition System Using 6LoWPAN 3.2 Solar Irradiance Prediction Using ANN 3.3 Modular Planning of Solar PV System 4 Load Management 5 Conclusion References FPGA-Based PI Controller for a Buck Converter 1 Introduction 1.1 DC-DC Buck Converter 2 Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA) Platform for Controller 3 Design of the Control Loop 4 Hardware Setup and Testing References Heuristic-Based Clustering Approach for Discovering Colossal Patterns from High-Dimensional Databases 1 Introduction 2 Related Research Work 2.1 Mining Colossal Patterns 3 HCCP: A Heuristic Clustering Approach for Colossal Patterns 3.1 Sub-pattern Construction Using Lattice Array 3.2 Estimating Core Patterns for Conditional Sub-patterns 3.3 Colossal Cluster Construction 3.4 Extracting Colossal Patterns 4 Performance Evaluations and Experimental Analysis 5 Conclusion References Smart Agriculture: A Survey on Challenges and Opportunities with Recent Advancements 1 Introduction 1.1 Sources for Search Scheme 1.2 Data Sources Used in the Literature Review 2 IoT in Agricultural Fields—Discussion on the Various Research Area 2.1 IoT-Based Surveillance and Monitoring System in Fields 2.2 Navigation/Autonomous Robot/Vehicle Monitoring in Agricultural Fields 2.3 Big Data Analysis in Agriculture 2.4 Energy-Efficient and Cost-Effective Autonomous Sensor in Agriculture 2.5 Smart and Precession Agriculture 3 Discussions 4 Conclusion References Classification of Primary User Occupancy Using Deep Learning Technique in Cognitive Radio 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Dataset Description 4 Estimation of PU Occupancy Class Using Deep Learning Technique 4.1 Max Pooling Layer 4.2 Fully Connected Layer 4.3 Softmax Layer 4.4 Bags of Features 5 Results and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Hybrid Electric Bicycle with Regeneration Capability 1 Introduction 2 Mechanical Design 2.1 Drive Arrangement 2.2 Motor and Battery Selection 3 Specifications and Calculations 3.1 Mass Budget 3.2 Calculations 3.3 Battery Voltage and Distance Calculation 4 Electrical Schematic of Bicycle System 4.1 DC–DC Converters 5 Buck Controller Circuit 5.1 Controllers 5.2 Boost Converter 5.3 MCU 5.4 Flowchart 6 Implementation and Test Results 6.1 PCB Layout 6.2 Waveforms 7 Financial Expenditure 8 Conclusion and Future Scope References Digitalized Water Quality Management Using SCT Algorithm 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Proposed System 4 Results and Conclusion References Norm Optimal Iterative Learning Control for Improved Trajectory Tracking of Servo Motor 1 Introduction 2 NOILC Augmented Feedback Control 2.1 Norm Optimal Iterative Learning Control 3 Application: Servo Position Control 4 Experimental Results and Discussion 4.1 Nominal Trajectory Tracking 4.2 Tracking Under Model Uncertainty 5 Conclusions References A New Energy-Saving Technique for Multiple-Induction Motor-Based Drive Heads at Mines Under Light-Load Conditions 1 Introduction 2 System Configuration 3 Proposed Energy-Saving Scheme 4 Steady-State Analysis of the Proposed Energy-Saving Scheme 5 Results and Discussions 6 Conclusion Appendix References Dynamic Symmetric Key Encryption in Wireless Sensor Networks Over Cellular Automata Centred on Groups 1 Introduction 2 Cellular Automata and Its Encryption Properties 3 Mathematical Background 4 System Model 5 Security 6 Conclusion Reference Power Quality Improvement in Ten-Bus Distribution System Using Distributed Unified Power Quality Conditioner 1 Introduction 2 System Configuration 2.1 PI Controller 2.2 Designing Considerations of PI Controller 3 FOPID Controllers 3.1 Designing Considerations of FOPID Controller 4 Simulation-Results 4.1 Open-Loop TBD System (OLTBDS) with Disturbance 5 Conclusion References Detection and Localization of Pulmonary Carcinoma Using Deep Learning Approach in Computed Tomography Images 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Dataset 2.2 ResNet50 2.3 Nodule Detection and Localization 3 Experimental Results 4 Conclusion References A Cost-Effective Mock Circulatory System for Initial Testing of Cardiovascular Devices 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Design of the Mock Circulatory System 2.2 Working of the Mock Circulatory System 2.3 Experimental Design to Assess the Functioning of the Mock Circulatory Loop 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References A Comprehensive Review on Thermoelectric Generator for Energy Harvesting 1 Introduction 2 Working of TEG 3 Research Trends in TEG and Its Progress 4 Material Selection 5 Application of TEG 5.1 Biomedical Applications 5.2 Space Application 5.3 Sensor Applications 5.4 Automobiles 5.5 Domestic Applications 6 Conclusion References Performance of FACTS Devices on Power System Reliability 1 Introduction 2 Chronological Simulation 3 Reliability Enactment Pointers 4 Implementation of FACTS 4.1 Effects of SVC 4.2 Effects of STATCOM 4.3 Effects of UPFC 5 Significance of Result 6 Conclusion References Crop Suitability Prediction and Fertilizer Recommendation Using Classification Techniques 1 Introduction 2 Related Methods 3 Proposed Approach 3.1 Proposed Architecture 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusion References Power System Security and Adequacy Assessment in a Deregulated Power Industry 1 Introduction 2 Complex System Adequacy Evaluation 2.1 Calculation of Load Point Indices 3 Integrating Generating Unit Models in Complex Deregulated System 3.1 Representation of Generator Models 4 Composite System Evaluation by Performance Indices 5 Identifying Transmission Deficiencies in Complex Systems 5.1 Dynamic Analysis 5.2 Control Analysis 5.3 Recovery Analysis 6 Conclusion References Off-Line Tamil Handwritten Character Recognition Based on Convolutional Neural Network with VGG16 and VGG19 Model 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 System Design 3.1 Deep Convolutional Neural Network 4 Vgg16 and Vgg19 Model 5 Transfer Learning 6 Result and Discussion 7 Conclusion and Future Work References Automated RFID-Based Traffic Regulation and Vehicle Alert System for Emergency Conditions 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Contribution 3.1 DMCU Alert System 3.2 Explanation of System Flowchart 4 Design Approach 4.1 Development of Hardware 5 Power: 5.1 Logic and Explanation 6 Results 7 Conclusion Reference Advanced SOC and SOH Estimation Methods for EV Batteries—A Review 1 Introduction 2 Advanced SOC and SOH Estimation Methods 2.1 Extended Kalman Filter Method 2.2 Adaptive Extended Kalman Filter 2.3 Unscented Kalman Filter 2.4 Sigma-Point Kalman Filter 2.5 Particle Filter for SOC Estimation 2.6 H∞ Filter for SOC Estimation 2.7 Artificial Neural Network (ANN) SOC Estimation Method 2.8 Extreme Machine Learning (ELM) for SOC Estimation 2.9 Support Vector Machine (SVM) for SOC Estimation 2.10 Hybrid SOC Estimation Methods 3 Conclusion References Specular Corneal Endothelium Dystrophy’s Analysis Using Particle Filter 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Result and Discussions 3.1 Cell Density 3.2 Coefficient of Variation (CV) 4 Conclusion References Performance Analysis of Multi-level Inverter Using Phase Disposition with Various Carrier Signal Arrangements 1 Introduction 2 Multi-level Topology 3 Multi-carrier Sinusoidal Control Strategies 4 Simulation Results 5 Experimental Results 6 Conclusion References Characterization of Microcontroller Under Gamma Radiation Environment 1 Introduction 2 Microcontroller and System Design 3 Irradiation Experimental Setup 4 Results 5 Conclusion References Utilization of Renewable Energy Sources Using Smart Grid Technology 1 Introduction 2 Renewable Energy Sources 2.1 Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) 2.2 Solar Photovoltaic System (SPVS) and Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) 3 About Grid Technology 3.1 Micro-grid Technology 3.2 Smart Grid Technology 4 Distribution Load System 4.1 Types of Meters 5 Results and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Detection of Road Violators Using Machine Learning 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Proposed Framework 3.1 Installation Process 3.2 Training Process 4 Experimental Evaluation 4.1 Datasets Used 4.2 Results 4.3 Future Works 5 Conclusion References Remote Triggered Laboratory for Boost Converter Using LabVIEW 1 Introduction 2 Need for Remote Access 3 Boost Converter 4 Remote Triggered Laboratory Implementation 5 Testing and Results 6 Conclusion and Future Scope References RF Analysis of Silicon Nanotube FET for Ultra-Low-Power Applications 1 Introduction 2 Device Structure 3 Result and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Detumbling of Nano Satellites with Variable Magnetic Torquer on Time—A Practical Implementation 1 Introduction 2 Attitude Dynamics and Kinematics 2.1 Rotational Dynamics 2.2 Attitude Kinematics 3 Magnetic Actuation and Bdot Law 4 Proposed Algorithm for Detumbling 5 Simulation Results 5.1 Sample Run Demonstration 5.2 Comparative Analysis 6 Conclusion References Optimal Tuning of Parameters for Impulse Voltage Generator Using Soft Computing Technique 1 Introduction 2 Generation of Switching Impulse 2.1 Analysis of Single-Stage Marx-Generator Circuit 2.2 Unidirectional Oscillatory Impulse Switching Voltage 2.3 Bidirectional Oscillatory Impulse Switching Voltage 3 Problem Formulation 3.1 Optimal Tuning of Design Variables Using Genetic Algorithm 4 Results and Analysis 5 Conclusion References Classification of Primary Users Using Deep Residual Learning 1 Introduction 1.1 Problem Description 2 Description of the Dataset 3 System Model 4 Performance Analysis of the Classifier Model 5 Summary and Discussion References Deep Learning-Based Autonomous Drone(s) Assistance 1 Introduction 2 Fundamental Theory 3 Training and Recognizing 4 Misalignment Tolerance 5 Experimental Investigation 6 Conclusion References High Gain Super-Lift Converters for Multi-node Connected Low-Output Transducers 1 Introduction 2 Brief Introduction to Super-Lift Converter 2.1 Elementary Circuit 2.2 Re-lift Circuit 2.3 Triple-Lift Circuit 3 Control Technique for Super-Lift Converter (SLC) 4 Computer-Aided Result and Discussion of Super-Lift Converter 5 Comparison of Voltage Level for Different Load Conditions 6 Conclusion References A Comprehensive Review on Non-isolated Bidirectional DC–DC Converter Topologies for Electric Vehicle Application 1 Introduction 2 Non-isolated Bi-directional DC–DC Converters 2.1 Modified Hybrid Bidirectional Converter (BDC) 2.2 Switched Quazi-Z-Source BDC with Common Ground 2.3 Switched Capacitor BDC with Hybrid Energy Sources 2.4 Interleaved Switched Capacitor BDC Converter 2.5 Reduced Switch Count Hybrid BDC Converter 2.6 Two Half Bridge Cells Soft Switching BDC Converter 2.7 Three-Level Current-Controlled BDC Converter 2.8 BDC Converter with Common-Grounded Asymmetric H-Bridge 2.9 Capacitor Clamped H-Bridge Converter with Common Ground 3 Comparision 4 Conclusion Appendix References Study of Coverage Enhancement Methods in Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) 1 Introduction 2 Basic Idea About NB-IoT 3 General Network Architecture of the NB-IoT 4 Different Approaches of NB-IoT in Uplink Transmission 5 Simulation, Numerical Results, and Observations 6 The Maximum Coupling Loss and Its Analysis 7 Conclusion References Development of a Microgrid System with Smart Consumption Topology Using MATLAB/SIMULINK 1 Introduction 2 Proposed Grid System 3 Result 4 Conclusion References Optimal Design and Implementation of Solar-Powered EV Public Charging Station 1 Introduction 2 Contemporary Review on Charging Station Development 3 Methodology of Proposed Project 4 Proposed Design 4.1 Simplified Schematic Diagram 4.2 Geographical Location Selection and Orientation of Panels 4.3 Design of System 4.4 Load Profile 5 Result of Designed System 5.1 Simulation Results 5.2 Balances and Main Result 6 Conclusion References Efficient Filter Implementation Using Cutset Retiming and Pipelining Approaches 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Retiming in FIR Filters 4 Lattice Filter 5 Node Splitting and Merging 6 Results and Discussion 7 Conclusion References Multi-Frequency Current Source for Varying Loads in Electrical Impedance Tomography Systems 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 3.1 Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO) Design 3.2 Voltage-Controlled Current Source (VCCS) Design 3.3 Negative Capacitance Converter (NCC) Design 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Output Current at Different Frequencies Without Compensator 4.2 Output Current at Different Loads Without Compensator 4.3 Output Current at Different Frequencies with Compensator 4.4 Output Current at Different Loads with Compensator 5 Conclusion References Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Healthcare System for Cardiac Arrhythmia Detection Using Heart Rate Variability Features 1 Introduction 1.1 Cardiovascular Diseases 1.2 ECG Signal 1.3 Related Work 2 Methodology 2.1 ECG Feature Extraction 2.2 QRS Detection 2.3 RR Interval Detection 2.4 HRV Feature Detection 2.5 Classification of Arrhythmia Disease 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Classification 4 Performance Analysis 5 Conclusion and Future Work References Fast and Minimized Error Approximate Carry Look-Ahead Adder 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Proposed Design 3.1 8-Bit Carry Look-Ahead Adder 4 Results and Conclusion 5 Future Work References Regenerative Loading of Asynchronous Machine Drive—An Evaluation using Motor Analyzer 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Modeling of Asynchronous Machine 3 Regenerative Loading of Asynchronous Machine Drive 3.1 Experimental Setup for Regenerative Loading 3.2 Procedure for Regenerative Load Test 4 Parameter Evaluation Using Motor Analyzer—An Experimental Approach 4.1 Motor Analyzer 4.2 Result and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Radiomics Based Analysis of Breast Tumors in DCE-MRI due to Neoadjuvant Treatment Therapy 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Patient Data 2.2 MRI Data Acquisitions 2.3 Feature Extraction 2.4 Statistical Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References PV System with Multimaster Technique Implemented String Inverters 1 Introduction 2 PV System 3 String Inverter Topology 4 Multimaster Technique 4.1 Method 1: Multimaster Inverters with One Inverter as Back up 4.2 Method 2: Multimaster Inverters Without Backup Inverter 5 Results 6 Conclusion References Spectrum Sensing System for Cognitive Radio 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Spectrum Sensing System 2.2 ADC Block 2.3 FFT Block 2.4 Working of Spectrum Sensing System 3 Results 3.1 Minimization of Noise 3.2 Spectrum of Summed Signal 4 Conclusion References BELBIC Study for PMBLDC Motor Drive System in Industrial Applications 1 Introduction 2 Structures of the System 3 Brain Emotional Learning-Controller 3.1 BELBIC in PMBLDC Drive 4 Simulation of the Proposed PMBLDCM Drive with BELBIC 5 Conclusion References Mouth Breathing Controller-Boon to Twenty-First Century Medical Era 1 Introduction 2 Paper Preparation 2.1 System Architecture 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Working of MBC 3.2 Program Code 4 Conclusions References Puncture Identification System 1 Introduction 2 Related Researches on Our Concept 3 Theoretical Explanation 3.1 Pressure Sensor 3.2 Arduino Board 3.3 Bluetooth Module 3.4 Display and Buzzer Alarm 3.5 Sensing Unit 3.6 Data Processing Unit 3.7 Display Unit 4 Experimental Evaluation 4.1 Result 5 Conclusion References A Whale Optimization Algorithm for Pollution Monitoring in WSN 1 Introduction 1.1 Whale Optimization Algorithm 2 Related Work 3 Proposed Method 3.1 Training Network 3.2 Energy Model 3.3 Cluster Head Selection 4 Result 4.1 Performance Evaluation Parameters 5 Conclusion References Anterior Segment OCT Image Analysis of Corneal Opacities that Guide Ophthalmologists in Making Decisions About Corneal Transplant Surgeries 1 Introduction 2 Patients and Methods 2.1 Methods 2.2 Methods 3 Results 3.1 Determining Anterior and Posterior Boundaries of the Cornea 3.2 Determining Pixel Intensity Values 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Application of Particle Swarm Optimization for Threshold Setting in Fault Detection Unit 1 Introduction 2 Proposed Method 3 System Studied 4 Simulation Results 4.1 Threshold Setting for Test System with PSO 4.2 Performance of Proposed Method During Unsymmetrical Faults 4.3 Performance of Proposed Method During Symmetrical Faults 4.4 Performance of Proposed Method for Faults Remote End Faults 4.5 Performance During LG Faults with High Fault Impedance 5 Conclusions References Medical Image Compression: A Leap on Recent Progress and Publications 1 Introduction 2 Realization Assessment of Image Compression 3 Importance of ROI Based Image Compression in Medical Field 4 ROI Based Image Compression Framework 4.1 Image Transformation Techniques 4.2 Encoding Methods 4.3 Compression Techniques 5 Literature Review 6 Conclusion References Multi-objective Linear Fractional Stochastic Transportation Problems Involving Logistic Distribution 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Model 3 Solution Methodology 3.1 Transformation Techniques 3.2 Formulation of MOTP from MOLFTP 3.3 Goal Programming Technique 4 Numerical Example 5 Result and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Control of Micro-grid by Discretized PR Controller Using Tustin Frequency Pre-wrapping Method 1 Introduction 2 Power Quality 3 Methodology 3.1 The Conventional PI Controller 3.2 The Conventional PR Controller 3.3 Discretization of PR Controllers 4 Results 5 Conclusion References Design of Practical PID Controller for First-Order Process with Time Delay Using Polynomial Approach 1 Introduction 2 Design of Controller 2.1 Results and Discussion References Novel CNN Architecture for Human Action Recognition 1 Introduction 1.1 Motivation 2 Related Work 3 Proposed Frame Work 3.1 Proposed CNN Architecture—Design Flow 3.2 Representation Learning 3.3 Action Recognition 4 Experimental Evaluation 4.1 Training, Validation and Testing Phase 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Action Recognition Results on HMDB51, UCF101 and KTH Datasets 5.2 Representation Learning Results on HMDB51, UCF101 and KTH Datasets 5.3 Comparison of Proposed Work with Existing Works 6 Conclusions and Future Direction References FPGA Realization of Multi-stage Decimator for WN Applications 1 Introduction 2 Direct Realization 3 Polyphase Realization 4 Multi-stage Design 5 Results 6 Conclusion References Image Steganography Using Discrete Cosine Transform Algorithm for Medical Images 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Conclusion 4 Discussion References Recital Study of Different Segmentation Techniques for Brain Tumor Detection 1 Introduction 2 Segmentation Techniques 2.1 Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) 2.2 Gradient Vector Flow (GVF) 2.3 Wavelet Transform (WT) 2.4 Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm (ABC) 2.5 Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) 3 Experimental Results and Discussion 3.1 Accuracy 3.2 UnS, OvS and InS Estimation 3.3 Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) 3.4 Partition Coefficient (PC) and Partition Entropy (PE) 4 Conclusion References Designing of General Purpose 8-Bit RISC Processor and Implementation on FPGA 1 Introduction 2 8-Bit RISC Processor Architecture 3 Pipelining Architecture 4 Description of the Functional Modules 5 Instruction Set Architecture 6 Instruction Set Detail 7 Simulation Results and Discussions 8 Results and Discussions 9 Conclusions References Tracking of Fish School in Aquaculture with Weighted Clustering Technique Using Kalman Filter 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Experimental Setup 2.2 Estimation of Fish School Using Weighted K-means Clustering 2.3 Tracking Fish School Using Kalman Filter 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References A Hybrid Optimization Technique-Based Transient Stability Improvement Using Static VAR Compensator 1 Introduction 1.1 Convergence Characteristics of Biogeography-Differential Evolution for 14 Bus System 1.2 Selection of Boundaries and Its Optimal Solution 1.3 Analysis of Objective Function and Constraints for BBO-DE Algorithm 2 Structure of IEEE 14 Bus System Analysis 3 Conclusion References ABC Based Optimal Tuning of PID Controller for Speed Control of D.C Motor 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Model of DC Motor 2.1 Position Control of DC Motor 3 Artificial Bee Colony Optimization Technique 3.1 ABC Optimization Algorithm 4 Formulation of Objective Function 5 Results 6 Conclusion References A Review of Existing Non-invasive Techniques for Glucose Monitoring 1 Introduction 2 Non-invasive Techniques 2.1 Near-Infrared Spectroscopy 2.2 Reverse Iontophoresis 2.3 Optical Polarimetry 2.4 Bioimpedance Spectroscopy 2.5 Fluorescence Technology 2.6 Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy 2.7 Optical Coherence Tomography 2.8 Raman Spectroscopy 2.9 Ultrasound Technology 3 Advantages of Non-invasive Techniques 4 Conclusion References Enhanced Krill Herd Optimization Algorithm: Total Harmonic Distortion Minimization 1 Introduction 2 Enhanced Krill Herd Optimization Algorithm 2.1 Mathematical Modeling 2.2 Random Walk 2.3 Ranking System 2.4 Repositioning System 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Fitness Function for THD Minimization 3.2 Optimization of Switching Angles to Minimize THD 3.3 Test for Consistency 4 Conclusion References Social Media Bias Using Centrality Measures and Machine Learning 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Proposed Work 3.1 About Software 3.2 Dataset Used for Analysis 3.3 Data Preprocessing 3.4 Reason for Choosing Betweenness Centrality as a Measure 3.5 Machine Learning Algorithms to Classify the Biased and Unbiased News 4 Experimental Results 4.1 Results 4.2 Graph and Inferences 4.3 Machine Learning Classifiers 5 Conclusion References A Cost-Effective Digital Thermometer 1 Introduction 2 Circuit Design and Implementation 3 Conclusion References Design of Dual-Port Multiband Antenna for Sub-6 GHz 5G Applications 1 Introduction 2 Antenna Design 3 Simulation Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Fuzzy- and MPC-Controlled Symmetrical Cascaded Multicell Inverter: A Comparison 1 Introduction 1.1 Cascaded Multicell Inverter 1.2 Fuzzy Logic Controller 1.3 Model Predictive Controller (MPC) 2 Symmetrical Cascaded Multicell Inverter 2.1 New Symmetrical Cascaded Multicell Inverter—Three-Cell Seven-Level 2.2 New Symmetrical Cascaded Multicell Inverter—Four-Cell Nine-Level 3 Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) 3.1 FLC for seven-level Symmetrical Cascaded Multicell Inverter 3.2 Fuzzy Controller for nine-level symmetrical cascaded multicell inverter 4 Model Predictive Controller 4.1 MPC for Seven-Level Symmetrical Cascaded Multicell Inverter 4.2 MPC for Nine-Level Symmetrical Cascaded Multicell Inverter 5 Conclusion References Simulation and Realization of Rectified Inverted Sine Hybrid Pulse Width Modulation Strategy for Quasi-Impedance Source Cascaded Multilevel Inverter 1 Introduction 2 Topology of QZSI 2.1 Design of Impedance Network 3 Conventional Phase Shift PWM for QZSI 3.1 Rectified Inverted Sine Hybrid Pulse Width Modulation 3.2 HPWM Generation Technique 3.3 Rectified Inverted Sine Carrier 4 Simulation Results 5 Hardware Implementation of IS-HPWM for Single-Phase Five-Level QZSI 6 Conclusion References Autonomous Space Debris Collision Avoidance System 1 Introduction 2 System Model 2.1 Position Prediction 2.2 Collision Prediction and Autonomous Maneuvering 2.3 Deorbiting Dying Satellites 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusion Reference Reducing TCR Harmonics Using Sequential Switching 1 Introduction 2 About TCR 3 Results 4 Sequential Switching of TCR 5 Conclusion References Diabetic Retinopathy Image Classification Using Transfer Learning 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Proposed Method 4 Implementation and Results 5 Conclusion References Instrument Reader Using Machine Learning 1 Introduction 2 Problem Statement 3 Proposed Approach 4 Experiments and Results 5 Conclusion References Mitigation of Ferranti Effect Using Thyristor Controlled Reactor 1 Introduction 2 About TCR 3 Ferranti Effect Mitigation 4 Results 5 Conclusions References Novel Authentication Process of the Smart Cards Using Face and Fingerprint Recognition 1 Introduction of Smart Cards 1.1 Out Line of the Paper 2 Proposed Scheme 2.1 Strength and Soundness of the Algorithm 3 Security Analysis 4 Conclusion References Accurate Center of Gravity Measurement for Aerospace Components 1 Introduction 1.1 Existing Techniques Used for CG 2 Proposed Work 2.1 Load Cell Calibration 2.2 Hardware Configuration 2.3 Four-Point Load Cell Method 3 Results 4 Conclusion References Design and Implementation of Fractional Order PI Controller for FCCU 1 Introduction 2 Description of Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit 3 Process Identification 3.1 IOTF for Reactor 3.2 IOTF for Regenerator 3.3 FOTF for Reactor and Regenerator 4 Parametric Sensitivity Analysis 5 Design of Integer Order and Fractional Order Pi Controller 5.1 Reactor Temperature 5.2 Regenerator Temperature 6 Conclusion References Robust and Novel Dynamic Password Using SVD and Linear Systems Involving Euclidean Algorithm 1 Introduction 2 Associated Outcomes in This Platform 3 Mathematical Background 3.1 Singular Value Decomposition of Matrices 3.2 Mersenne Prime and Perfect Numbers 3.3 Random Number Generation by Mersenne Twisters 4 Proposed Algorithm 4.1 Functionality 4.2 Logical Flow of Data in Program (Code Can Be Seen in the Appendix) 5 Flowchart of the Password Verification Process 6 Concrete Numerical Illustration—Algorithm 7 Execution and Experimental Results Using Python 8 Strength and Soundness 9 Conclusions References Generation of Handwriting Applying RNN with Mixture Density Network 1 Introduction 2 Existing Models 3 Proposed Model 4 Results and Inference References Impact of Mobility MAC Protocol on Network Performance in Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks 1 Introduction 2 Existing Mobility MAC Protocols for MWSNs 2.1 Synchronous Mobility-Aware MAC Protocols for MWSNs 3 Performance Evaluation 3.1 Simulation Set-Up 3.2 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Integrated Secured Digitized Home Using IoT-Based Sensors 1 Introduction 2 Prior Work 3 Proposed Work 4 Result 5 Discussion Reference Review of Model-Based State-Of-Charge Estimation Methods for Batteries of Electric Vehicles 1 Introduction 2 Soc Estimation Methods 2.1 Look-Up Table-Based Method 2.2 Ampere-Hour Integral Method 2.3 Model-Based SoC Estimation Methods 3 Conclusion References Thermal Aware Device Design Using Hotspot Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Temperature Dependent Leakage Power 3 CMOS Thermal Analysis 4 Impact of Scaling Over Hot Spot Generation 5 Thermal Analysis of Processor 6 Conclusion References Simulation of Electric Vehicle Driven by PWM Inverter Fed Induction Machine 1 Introduction 2 Classification of Electric Vehicle 2.1 Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) 2.2 Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) 2.3 Existing Challenges in India 2.4 Portrayal of Vehicle Displacement 3 Methodology 3.1 Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) 3.2 Sinusoidal PWM 3.3 Selection of Traction Motors 3.4 Comparative Study of Motors 3.5 Battery 4 Simulation Model and Results 4.1 Inverter with 2 Level PWM Generator 4.2 Inverter with Sine PWM 5 Conclusion References A Cognitive System Process Approach: ELT Pedagogy for a Hybrid Communication Model 1 Introduction 2 Cognitive Systems Research—Literature Review 3 Cognitive Systems Approach and ELT 4 Qualitative and Quantitative Research 4.1 Qualitative Research 4.2 Quantitative Research 5 Conclusion References Radar Emitter Identification in Multistatic Radar System: A Review 1 Introduction 2 Overview of Radar Environment and Measurement of Parameters 3 Review of Radar Emitter Identification Algorithms 3.1 Time of Arrival (TOA)-Based Techniques 3.2 Intra-pulse Feature Extraction-Based Techniques 3.3 Support Vector Machine (SVM)-Based Techniques 3.4 Neural Network and Artificial Intelligence-Based Techniques 3.5 Statistical Techniques 3.6 Time–Frequency and Spectrum Estimation-Based Techniques 3.7 Clustering Techniques 3.8 Fuzzy Logic and Roughest Theory-Based Techniques 4 Recent Developments in Radar Emitter Recognition 5 Discussion and Summary References QoS Aware Machine Learning Algorithms for Real-Time Applications in Wireless Sensor Networks 1 Introduction 2 Real-Time Applications in WSNs 2.1 Target Tracking 2.2 Military Surveillance 2.3 Environment Monitoring 2.4 Industrial Automation 2.5 Health Monitoring 3 Literature Survey 4 ML-Based Algorithm Flow Chart 5 Conclusions References A Compact Circular Shaped Monopole Antenna for UWB Application with WiMAX Band Rejection 1 Introduction 2 Proposed UWB Antenna Design 3 Conclusions References Prediction of Software Bugs Using Machine Learning Algorithm 1 Introduction 2 Problem Statement 3 Motivation 4 Support Vector Regression 5 Support Vector Regression Algorithm 5.1 Description of Datasets and Tools 6 Results and Observations 6.1 Stepwise Description of Results: 6.2 Observations from the Work 7 Conclusion 8 Future Examination References A Simple Image Processing Technique for Non-invasive Blood Glucose Monitoring 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Image Processing Using Grey Scaling Technique 4 Results 4.1 Development of Colour 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion References A Modified Coupled Inductor with Switched Capacitor Based High Step-Up Converter for Electric Drive Systems 1 Introduction 2 Operating Principle 3 Performance Analysis of Proposed Converter 4 Simulation Results and Discussions 5 Conclusion References Digital Filter Implementation for Removal of Baseline Wander in ECG Signals 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Detection of First-Episode of Schizophrenia Brain MRI Images Using Random Forest Classifier 1 Introduction 2 Data Collection 3 Proposed Algorithm 3.1 Improve the Local Contrast of MRI and Skull Stripping 3.2 Segmentation of Brain Tissue 3.3 Feature Extraction 3.4 Statistical Analysis of Features Using ANOVA Test 3.5 Classification 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusion References Cost Analysis of Solar-Wind Based Hybrid Renewable Energy System 1 Introduction 1.1 Hybrid Renewable Energy System 1.2 Sizing of Hybrid System for Jaisalmer 1.3 Simulation of Hybrid System with Datasets 2 Specifications of Model 3 Cost Analysis of Hybrid System 4 Results References Lifetime Enhancement Based on Energy and Buffer Residual Status of Intermediate Node in Wireless Sensor Networks 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Proposed Protocol 3.1 The Multi-objective Optimization 3.2 Reactive Status of Node Buffer 3.3 The Proposed Algorithm 4 Performance Results 4.1 Throughput 4.2 Network Lifetime 4.3 Remaining Energy 5 Conclusion References Context-Aware Handover Analysis in Heterogenous Wireless Network Using Machine Learning 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Proposed Work 4 Results 5 Conclusion References Design of a Compact Circular Metamaterial Absorber with Unsymmetrical Slots for Energy Harvesting Applications 1 Introduction 2 Antenna Design 3 Parametric Analyses 3.1 Radius of R1 3.2 Radius of R2 3.3 Radius of R3 3.4 Radius of R6 4 Simulation Results 5 Conclusion References Design and Performance Analysis of Solid-State Transformer 1 Introduction 2 System Description 3 Solid-State Transformer 4 Control Strategies of SST 4.1 Primary Side Switching Circuit 4.2 Secondary Side Switching Circuit 5 Design of High Frequency Transformer 6 Simulation Results 7 Conclusion Appendix References Advanced Engineering Solution for an Ammonium Phosphate Plant Using Yokogawa Distributed Control System 1 Introduction 2 Model Description 2.1 Control System 3 Centum VP 4 Ammonia Synthesis 5 Hardware Engineering 6 System Architecture 6.1 Networking 7 Control Loops 7.1 Open-Loop Control 7.2 Closed-Loop Control 7.3 Totalizer Control Loop 7.4 Splitter Control Loop 7.5 Cascaded Control Loop 8 Essential Documents to Program a DCS Controller 8.1 Piping and Instrumentation Diagram 8.2 Process Flow Diagram 8.3 Control Narrative 9 Conclusion References Understanding Neuronal Connectivity of Subjects with Autism Spectrum Disorder Using fMRI 1 Introduction 2 Subjects and Method 3 Voxel-Based Analysis Results 4 Seed-Based Analysis Results 5 Discussion 6 Future Direction References A Multiband E-shaped Antenna with Defected Ground Structure (DGS) for MIMO Applications 1 Introduction 2 Proposed Antenna Structure 3 Antenna Array Configurations 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusion References Brain MR Image Lesion Identification Using Threshold-Based Segmentation Techniques 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 MR Image Data Set 2.2 Pre-processing 2.3 Segmentation 2.4 Image Segmentation Performance Evaluation 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Comparative Study of Feature Extraction Using Different Transform Techniques in Frequency Domain 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Interpretation of Sparsity in the Frequency Domain 4 Comparison Study of Different Transform Techniques 4.1 Algorithm 5 Results 6 Conclusion References Mathematical Modeling of Elbow-Actuated Wearable Robotic Arm for Muscular Disorders 1 Introduction 2 Anatomy of Human Arm Model 3 Modeling by Reverse Dynamic Analysis 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusion References An Advanced Signature Scheme Based on Non-abelian Group Over Algebraic Technique 1 Introduction 2 Digital Signature Scheme 3 Group 3.1 Closure 3.2 Associativity 3.3 Identity 3.4 Inverse 4 Abelian Group 5 Non-abelian Group 6 Discrete Logarithm Problem 7 Non-abelian Group-Based Digital Signature 8 Digital Signature Scheme Using Finite Non-abelian Group 8.1 A Finite Non-abelian Group 9 Security Attacks and Forgeries 9.1 Key-Only Attack 9.2 Known Message Attack 9.3 Directed Chosen Message Attack 9.4 Total Break 9.5 Selective Forgery 9.6 Existential Forgery 10 Conclusion References A Pedagogical Approach on Digital Signal Processing for ECG Signals 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Digital Notch Filter and Normal/Abnormal Classification 2.2 A Better Notch Filter Based on a Bandwidth Specification 2.3 Removing Muscle Signals 2.4 Removal of Breath Signal 3 Survey Results 4 Conclusion References Multi-criteria Leader Selection in Ad Hoc Networks Using Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process 1 Introduction 2 Cluster Head Selection Based on Multi-crieria 2.1 Selection of Cluster Head Using AHP Approach 2.2 Selection of Cluster Head Using Fuzzy AHP Aprroach (FAHP) 3 Application of FAHP Approach in Proposed Work 3.1 Steps in the FAHP Methodology for Selection of Cluster Head 3.2 Performance Metrics 3.3 Performance Validation 4 Performance Analysis 5 Conclusion and Future Directions References Developing a Sustainable and Economical Infrastructure for the Implementation of IoT in Agriculture 1 Literature Review 2 Introduction 3 Proposed Work 4 Components of IOT 4.1 Gateway 4.2 Microcontroller 4.3 Dashboard 4.4 Protocol 4.5 Sensors 4.6 Services 5 Circuit Diagram 6 Methodology 7 Flow Chart 8 Results 9 Conclusion References Computer Vision-Based Vehicle Detection and Tracking 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Proposed System 4 Experimental Results 5 Conclusion References Energy Harvesting by Electromechanical System Using Weight Pulses 1 Introduction 2 System Design 3 Experimental Work and Results 4 Conclusion and Future Recommendation References Feature Extraction and Classification of VAG Signal of Human Knee for Early Diagnosis of Chondromalacia Patella 1 Introduction 2 Hypothesis 3 Methodology 4 Signal Analysis 5 Results and Discussion 6 Inference References Analyzing the Open-Loop and Closed-Loop Models of Self-Excited Synchronous Machine 1 Introduction 2 Open-Loop Simulink Model 3 Closed-Loop Simulink Model 4 Results 5 Conclusion References Optimization of Shunt Compensation for Voltage Stability Improvement Using PSO 1 Introduction 2 Methods Applied 2.1 Fast Voltage Stability Index 2.2 Particle Swarm Optimization 2.3 PSO Formulation 3 Results 3.1 PSO for IEEE 14-Bus System 3.2 Base Case 3.3 Contingency of Line 1–5 3.4 Contingency of Line 2–5 3.5 Contingency of line 1–5 and 2–4 4 Conclusion References Brightness and Contrast Controllable Fingerprint Image Enhancement Based on Histogram Specification 1 Introduction 2 Fingerprint Pre-processing 3 Methodology 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Fingerprint Results 5 Conclusion References Power Distribution Module for a Formula SAE Combustion Race Car 1 Introduction 2 Switching Regulators 3 Buck Converter 4 Overvoltage Protection Circuit 5 Overcurrent Protection Circuit 6 Results and Discussions 7 Conclusion 8 Further Development References Scheduler of a LTE Downlink System 1 Introduction 2 Downlink Frame Structure 3 Schedulers 3.1 Round-Robin Scheduler 3.2 PF Scheduler 3.3 Maximum Throughput Scheduler 4 Simulation and Results 5 Conclusion References Smart Attendance System Using Deep Transfer Learning 1 Introduction 1.1 Types of the Attendance System 2 Literature Survey 3 System Descriptions 3.1 Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) 3.2 Deep Learning 3.3 Deep Transfer Learning 3.4 AlexNet 4 Proposed Approach 4.1 Face Recognition 4.2 IP Webcam 5 Experimental Results and Discussion 5.1 Implementation 6 Conclusion and Future Work References Friendly Waste Seggregator Using Deep Transfer Learning 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Proposed Work 3.1 Deep Learning 3.2 AlexNet 4 Experimental Results and Execution 5 Future Scope and Application 6 Conclusion References Automation of Malarial Cell Count and Stage Classification Using Morphological Operations and Variable Optimization Using Hyper-Parameter Tuning 1 Introduction 2 Algorithm 2.1 Image Pre-processing 2.2 Image Thresholding 2.3 Image Segmentation 2.4 Parameter Optimization 2.5 Stage Classification 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References A Review on a Secure IoT-Based Healthcare System 1 Introduction 2 Wireless Sensor Network 3 Basic Model of IoT Architecture in Healthcare Systems 4 Application of IoT in Healthcare System 5 Prerequisite for IoT Healthcare System Security 5.1 Data Privacy 5.2 Data Integrity 5.3 Data Freshness 5.4 Authentication 5.5 Anonymity 5.6 Secure Localization 6 Working of IoT-Based Healthcare System Using BSN 7 Challenges in IOT 7.1 Extensive Deployment 7.2 Interoperability and Standardization 7.3 Unique Identification 7.4 Security of the Data Gathered 7.5 Energy Consumption 7.6 Efficient Spectrum Usage 8 Conclusion References Lower Limb Amputees Rehabilitation: IOT-Based Real-Time Human Movement 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 2.1 Technical Background 2.2 Existing Solution 2.3 Proposed Methodology 3 Hardware Description 3.1 IOT Module 3.2 PIC16F877A Microcontroller 3.3 Relays 3.4 Wi-Fi Module 3.5 DC Motor 4 Result and Analysis 4.1 Lower Limb Angle 4.2 Ankle Internal and External Movement 4.3 Toes Angle—Up and Down Movement 4.4 Multi-axis Foot 5 Conclusion References Exclusively Automated Agricultural Engineering System using PLC-HMI and ZigBee based WSN 1 Introduction 2 Proposed Agricultural Engineering System 3 Proposed Process Control Station 3.1 Automation in Agriculture Based on Open-Loop System 3.2 Automation in Agriculture Based on Closed-Loop System 3.3 Fabricated ZigBee Station 3.4 Real-Time Results of the Proposed System in Agriculture 4 Conclusion References Model Predictive Control of Quasi-Z-Source Inverter 1 Introduction 2 Operation of QZSI 2.1 System Modeling and Analysis 3 Results 4 Conclusion References Sentiment Analysis for Refining Word Vectors Using Naïve Bayes Approach 1 Introduction 2 Proposed Work 2.1 Preprocessing 2.2 Feature Extraction 2.3 Feature Transformation 2.4 Classification 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion and Future Enhancement References Multi-precision Multi-mode Floating Point Multiplier 1 Introduction 2 Floating Point Multiplier (FPM) 2.1 SP/DP FPM 3 Merged DP/SP Floating Point Multiplier (FPM) Using Karatsuba Algorithm 3.1 Karatsuba Algorithm 3.2 Design of Multi-Precision FPM Using Karatsuba Multiplier 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Causative Fault Classification Using Artificial Neural Network in Transmission System 1 Introduction 2 Classification of Causative Faults 2.1 Lightning Faults 2.2 Vegetation Faults 2.3 High Resistive Faults 3 Artificial Neural Network 3.1 Scaled Conjugate Gradient Backpropagation 4 Case Study 5 Results and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Detection of Rumors in Tweets Using Machine Learning Techniques 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Proposed System 3.1 Building the Machine Learning Model 3.2 Getting Tweets from Twitter and Labeling Them 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Data Preparation 4.2 Feature Selection 4.3 Classification 4.4 Collecting Tweets 4.5 Preprocessing Tweets and Storing Them in a CSV File 4.6 Prediction of the Tweet Label 5 Conclusion References Cloud Management: An Autoencoder-Based Clustering of Virtual Machines for Data Centre Workload 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Proposed Method 3.1 Architecture 3.2 Methodology 3.3 Dataset 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion and Future Work References Digital Image Security in DICOM 1 Introduction 2 Proposed Technique 3 Encryption and Decryption Using AES Algorithm 4 Digital Watermarking 5 Domains Used in Digital Watermarking Techniques: 5.1 Spatial Domain 5.2 Frequency Domain 6 Image Comparison Metrics 7 Implementation 7.1 Software Implementation of AES Algorithm 7.2 Digital Watermarking 8 Results and Discussion 8.1 Encryption (by AES Algorithm) 8.2 Watermarking (by Wavelet Domain): 8.3 Double Watermarking (By Wavelet Domain) 8.4 Extraction from Double Watermarking: 8.5 Extraction from Watermarked Image 8.6 Decryption (By AES Algorithm) 8.7 Comparison of Watermarking 8.8 Quality Measures: 8.9 Attacks to the Watermarked Image: 9 Conclusion References Agent-Based Wireless Sensor System for V2G Aggregation in Smart Grid 1 Introduction 2 Modeling of V2G 3 Agent-Based Sensor System for V2G Aggregation 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Mitigation of Phase Noise and BER by different CE in the MIMO-OFDM system 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 System Model 3.1 Basic of OFDM 4 Background of the Research 4.1 Channel Estimation 5 The Proposed SAMP with Hybrid Matrices 5.1 The Proposed Channel Matrices 6 Results and Discussion 6.1 Performance Metrics 6.2 Performance Analysis 7 Conclusion References Optimal Placement of GEV Aggregation in Smart Grid: An Evolutionary Computation Algorithm Approach 1 Introduction 2 Self-adaptive Firefly Algorithm (SAFA) 3 Problem Formulation 3.1 SAFA Fitness 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References An Efficient Approach for the Detection of Abnormalities in Different Cancerous Images Using TFD Techniques 1 Introduction 2 Interpretation of Cancer Using Time—Frequency Distribution Techniques 2.1 STFT 2.2 WT 3 TFD Analysis in Detection of Abnormalities in Cancerous Images 3.1 Wavelet Transform 3.2 Discrete Wavelet Transform 4 Conclusion References Comparative Analysis of Different Edge Detection Methodologies in Medical Imaging 1 Introduction 2 Methods of Edge Detection 2.1 Edge Detection Based on First-Order Derivative 2.2 Edge Detection Based on Second-Order Derivatives 2.3 Edge Detection Based on Canny Edge Detector 2.4 Edge Detection Based on Fuzzy Logic Method 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Design and Analysis of a Higher Order Process by Employing Pspice Modelling 1 Introduction 2 Pspice Modelling, Design and Analysis of a Type 1 Third-Order System 3 Pspice Modelling, Design and Analysis of a Type 0 Fourth-Order System 4 Design of a Higher Order Process 5 Conclusions References Analysis of Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis Using Machine Learning Algorithms 1 Introduction 2 Dataset 2.1 WDBC Dataset 2.2 WPBC Dataset 3 Methodology 3.1 Data Cleaning 3.2 Data Visualization and Exploration 3.3 Data Preprocessing and Feature Extraction 3.4 Classification 3.5 Performance Parameters 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Data Visualization and Exploration 4.2 Data Preprocessing and Feature Extraction 4.3 Classification of Machine Learning Algorithms 5 Conclusion References High Performance Buffer with Body Biasing Technique 1 Introduction 2 Architecture and Operation of the Proposed Buffer 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusion References Energy-Efficient and Emergency Dispatch System for Smart Street Lighting 1 Introduction 1.1 Objective 1.2 Motivation 1.3 Background 2 Description of the Proposed Methodology 2.1 Smart Street Lighting 2.2 Emergency Dispatch System 3 Prototype Demonstration 4 Conclusion References Performance Comparison of Transmit Antenna Selection Schemes for Quadrature Spatial Modulation 1 Introduction 2 QSM Model 3 Antenna Selection Schemes 3.1 Optimal Antenna Selection Using ED for QSM (AS-ED-QSM) 3.2 Sub-Optimal Low Complexity Antenna Selection Using Amplitude and Correlation for QSM (LCAS-A-C-QSM) 4 Discussion on Simulation Results 5 Conclusion References Eye Controlled Rover for Mapping the Environment 1 Introduction 1.1 Objective 1.2 Motivation 1.3 Background 2 Description of the Techniques and Components Used 2.1 Eye Controller and Tracking 2.2 FPV Camera and Time of Flight (VL6180ToF) 2.3 Processing the Data and Videos and Sketches 3 Designing, Approach, and Methodology 3.1 Configuring NodeMCU 3.2 Operation of FPV Camera 3.3 Time of Flight 4 Project Demonstration 5 Results and Discussions 6 Conclusion References A Review on Requirements for Data Communication and Information Technology Areas for Smart Grid 1 Introduction 2 Smart Grid Communication Systems Scenario 2.1 Home Area Networks for SG Applications 2.2 Neighborhood Area Networks (NAN) for SG Applications 2.3 Wide Area Networking (WAN) for SG Applications 3 Role of Information Technology in Terms SG 3.1 IoT for Smart Grid Applications 3.2 Data Management Issues in Smart Grid 3.3 Cyber-Security Challenges for SG 4 Conclusion References Design of Polar Encoder and Decoder for Next-Generation Networks 1 Introduction 2 The Polar Encoder 2.1 The Arikan Transform or the Polar Transform 2.2 Encoding Process 2.3 Reliability Sequence 2.4 Bit Channel Polarization 3 Successive Cancellation Decoding 3.1 Basic Building Block for the SCD 3.2 Message Passing on the Tree Algorithm 4 Discussion on Simulation Results 5 Conclusions References Analysis of the Consumers’ Satisfaction in Andhra Pradesh, Services Provided by Southern Power Distribution Company Limited 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Sampling 2.2 Sample Size 2.3 Statistical Tools Used 3 Advertisement for Proper Use of Electricity Given by APSPDCL Authorities 3.1 Respondent’s Opinion on Advertisement 3.2 Different Advertisement Medias 3.3 Opinion on the Advertisement Given by the APSPDCL Authorities is Helpful in Proper Use of Electricity 3.4 APSPDCL Educating the Consumers Regarding Efficient Use of Electricity 4 Global Alliance Bringing Benefits to India’s Power Sector 5 Reforms Helped to Optimize the Energy Flows Across the Country 6 Rating the Services Rendered by the APSPDCL 7 Conclusions Reference Analysis of Quality, Installation of Power Supplied by APSPDCL to Urban and Rural Areas 1 Introduction 2 Case Studies 3 Conclusions References Discrete Taylor Transform and Inverse Transform 1 Introduction 2 Toy Model in 3 Dimensions 3 Toy Model in 5 Dimensions 4 Frames and dual frames Induced by the monomials 1,x,x2 4.1 Frame Vectors 4.2 Frame Operator 4.3 The Construction of Dual Frame Vectors 4.4 The Resolution of the Identity 4.5 Discrete Taylor Transform DTT and Discrete Inverse Taylor Transform DITT in 3-D 5 Frames and dual frames Induced by the monomials 1,x,x2 ,x3 ,x4 6 Frames and dual frames induced by the monomials 1,x,x2 ,x3 ,x4 ,x5 ,x6 7 Conclusions and Future Outlook References