Intelligent and Transformative Production in Pandemic Times: Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Production Research

Description

This book contains the proceeding of the 26th International Conference on Production Research (ICPR). ICPR is a biennial conference that has been hosted for more than a half century. It is regarded worldwide as one of the leading conferences of production research, industrial engineering, and related subjects.   The acute impact of the pandemic on human lives is spurring further research and advances: because modern life relies on production and supply networks. The future of production calls for transformative research exploiting the possibilities of artificial intelligence in particular to respond to the challenge of sustainability.   This book is of interest to researchers, students, and professionals in industry. Preface Contents Impact of the Pandemic on Industry and Production Development of Training System for Appearance Inspection Using Motion Capture and Large Size Display 1 Introduction 2 Development of Training System 2.1 Concept of Training System 2.2 Overview of the Developed Training System 3 Experimental Design 3.1 Experimental Tasks 3.2 Experimental Factors 3.3 Experimental Procedure 4 Experimental Results 4.1 Individual Characteristics of Subjects 4.2 Effect of Work Procedure Manual on Defect Detection 5 Conclusion References Worker Organization System for Collaborative Crowdsourcing 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Proposed Worker Organization System 4 Evaluation Experiment 4.1 Experiment 1: Comparison with the Greedy Method Without Taking into Account Compatibility 4.2 Experiment 2: Comparison with Algorithm from the Related Study 5 Conclusion References Matrix Approach and Scheduling for Cooperation Requirement Planning in Industrial Robots 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 Cooperation Requirement Planning Among Industrial Robots 2.2 Matrix Approach 2.3 Scheduling Theory 3 Mathematical Model 4 Comparison of Calculation Results 5 Conclusion References Evaluation of Material-Based GHG Emissions Under COVID-19 Disruption on Redesigning Global Supply Chain Network Across TPP Countries 1 Introduction 2 Model and Formulation 2.1 Model 2.2 Formulation 3 Assumptions and Scenarios 3.1 Assumptions 3.2 Disruption Scenarios 4 Result 5 Conclusion References Modeling of Inventory Routing Problem with Intermediate Locations in Emergency Logistics Considering Uncertainty of Road Conditions 1 Introduction 2 Method for the Proposed Model 2.1 Notation 2.2 Precondition 2.3 Explanation of the Proposed Model 3 Formulation of the Proposed Model 4 The Case Description 4.1 Numerical Example 4.2 Computational Results 5 Conclusion References Problem of Modeling Global and Closed-Loop Supply Chain Network Design 1 Introduction 2 Model 2.1 Assumption and Notation 2.2 Formulation 3 Problem Example 4 Result 5 Conclusion References Vehicle Relocation Scheduling Considering Charging Time for One-Way Electric Vehicle Car-Sharing Systems 1 Introduction 1.1 Environmental Impact of Automobiles 1.2 Car-Sharing Systems 1.3 Purpose of This Study 2 Model 2.1 Vehicle Relocation Scheduling 2.2 Charging Schedule for Electric Vehicles 2.3 Mathematical Model 3 Numerical Experiments 4 Conclusions References Prediction of COVID-19 Hospital Beds by On-Demand Cumulative-Control Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Overview of Procedures 2.2 Preparation of a State Transition Diagram Cumulative Analysis 2.3 On-demand Cumulative Control Method 2.4 Estimation of the Number of Hospital Beds 3 Results 3.1 Example of the Hospital Bed Input 3.2 Example and Discussion for Resulted Cumulative Curve 4 Summary and Future Studies References Digital and Cyber Manufacturing and Services A Study on Skill Transfer Using Augmented Reality 1 Introduction 2 Previous Study 3 Proposed Method and Hypothesis 4 Analysis Method 4.1 Movie Instruction Method (See the Left Image in Fig. 3) 4.2 Augmented Reality Instruction Method (See the Right Image in Fig. 3) 5 Analysis Results 5.1 Analysis of Work Procedure 5.2 Analysis of Work Time 5.3 Analysis of Body Motion 6 Analysis and Discussion 7 Conclusion References Humanized Robot of New Method and Time System and Its Management: A Digital Transformation Case of Convenience Store Type 1 Introduction 2 Development of a Humanized Enterprise Robot 2.1 A New Clock Type Management System 2.2 A Method and Time Management System 3 Managerial Formulation Based on Matsui’s Matrix Method 3.1 Matsui’s IDTC-BG Formulization 3.2 Digital Transformation (DX) Issues on Pair Map 4 Matsui’s IDTC-BG and Its Management 4.1 Objective Formulation of IDTC-BG Type 4.2 A Management Information Logic and Flow 5 Conclusions References Profiles and Testing in OPC UA—Current State and Future Potentials in Industry 4.0 1 Introduction 2 Profiles and Test Cases in OPC UA 3 Requirements of OPC UA Developers Related to Tests and Profiles 3.1 Writing Companion Specifications 3.2 Implementing and Certifying a Data Provider 3.3 Implementing a Data Consumer 4 OPC UA Tools Available Today 5 Dependency Management in Software Package Managers 5.1 Software Package Mangers 5.2 Differences and Similarities Between Package Management and OPC UA Profile Management 6 Using Dependency Management Information for OPC UA Profiles 7 Conclusion and Outlook References Manufacturing Workflows in Microservice Architectures Supporting Digital Transactions for Business Process Automation 1 Introduction 2 Background and Supporting Technologies 2.1 Microservice Architecture 2.2 Workflows for Manufacturing 2.3 M2M Negotiated Business Agreements 3 Manufacturing Workflow Architecture 4 Conclusions and Future Work References Scheduling 3D Printing Machines to Minimize Makespan 1 Introduction 1.1 Additive Manufacturing (AM) and Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) 1.2 Additive Manufacturing (AM) Versus Traditional Manufacturing (TM) 1.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of AM 1.4 Objectives of the Study 2 Literature Review 3 Problem Statement 3.1 Product Breakdown 3.2 Infill Patterns 3.3 Layer Height 3.4 Infill Density 4 Methodology 4.1 Estimated Print Times 4.2 Scheduling Applications 5 An Example Problem and Results 6 Future Work References Manufacturing: System and Automation Electrode Tab Deflection Detection for Pouch Lithium-Ion Battery Using Mask R-CNN 1 Introduction 2 Electrode Tab Deflection Detection 2.1 Consideration for Vision System 2.2 Mask R-CNN Based Electrode Tab Deflection Detection 3 Experiments 4 Conclusion References Comparison of Process Chains of Additive and Conventional Manufacturing 1 Introduction 1.1 Previous Research 1.2 Objective and Approach 2 Efficiency Approach for Additive Manufacturing 2.1 Feasibility 2.2 Profitability 2.3 Sustainability 3 Analysis of Process Chains 3.1 Process Chains 3.2 Comparison 3.3 Exemplary Discrepancies in Process Chains of a Manufacturing SME 4 Conclusion References To Detect Defects Which Are Three-Dimensional Changes by Using Their bird’s Eye View Images and Convolutional Neural Networks 1 Introduction 1.1 Supervised Learning 1.2 Unsupervised Learning 1.3 3D Visual Inspection 2 Aim and Contribution of This Study 3 Transport Tray 4 Experiment 4.1 Method and Condition 4.2 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References A Multi-Objective Fitness Function for Sequencing Robotic Assembly Operations with Deformable Objects Using a Genetic Algorithm with Constraint Satisfaction 1 Introduction 2 Method 2.1 Environment 2.2 Sequence Computation 2.3 Experimental Procedure 2.4 Analysis and Statistical Analysis 3 Results 3.1 Initial Population Generation 3.2 Multi Objective Function 4 Conclusions References A State Tracing Method for the System Data Obeying Poisson Distribution 1 Introduction 2 Change-Point Detection in a Single State Change 3 A Method of Tracking State Transition 4 Numerical Verification 5 Conclusion References Applying Data Driven Approach to Cluster Components for Preventive Maintenance 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 Preventive Maintenance Strategy Based on Cost Orientation 2.2 Preventive Maintenance Strategy Based on Cycle Time 3 Methodology 4 Data Collection and Analysis 5 Results and Future Study References Process Simulation of Compression Molding Process and Effect of Fiber Content on Recycled Polymer Natural Fiber Composites Using Moldflow Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 2.1 Test Model 2.2 Material Composition 2.3 Processing Parameters 3 Result and Discussion 4 Conclusion References A Combined Scheduling and Simulation Method to Analyze the Performance of the Dual-Robot In-Line Stocker 1 Introduction 2 Model Development 2.1 Symbols 2.2 Generation of Transport Jobs 2.3 Scheduling Jobs 3 Experimental Analysis 3.1 Input Data 3.2 Analysis Results 4 Conclusion References A Study on the Optimal Assignment Rule in Parallel Production Systems with Two Special Workers 1 Introduction 2 Model Explanation 2.1 Reset Model of LCMwMP 2.2 The Assumption of Processing Abilities of Workers 2.3 Optimal Assignment Problem Under Reset Model 3 Preliminary Analysis in a Parallel Production Line 3.1 When the Production Line Has 2 Lines 2 Columns (m=2, n = 2) 3.2 When the Production Line Has 2 Lines 3 Columns (m=2, n = 3) 4 Numeral Experiment 5 Conclusion References Considering a Deteriorating EOQ Model Under Stochastic Demand and Shortage Allowed 1 Introduction 2 Assumptions, Notations and Model Descriptions 2.1 Assumptions 2.2 Notations 2.3 Model Descriptions 3 Mathematical Model 3.1 The Model 3.2 Solution Process for the Model 4 Numerical Examples and Analysis for Percentage Error 4.1 Analysis for Percentage Error 5 Conclusions References Internet of Things, Data Analytics and Smart Manufacturing Assessing AI-Readiness in Production—A Conceptual Approach 1 Introduction 2 AI-Readiness Model 2.1 Conceptual Background 2.2 Dimensions of the Model 2.3 Assessment of AI-Readiness 3 Illustrative Case Studies 3.1 Case ALPHA—Product Specialist 3.2 Case BETA—Production Specialist 4 Concluding Remarks References Architecture for Predictive Maintenance Based on Integrated Models, Methods and Technologies 1 Introduction and State of the Art 2 Approach for a Generic Architecture for Predictive Maintenance 2.1 Data Acquisition 2.2 Data Transfer and Persistence 2.3 Data Analysis and Business Logic 3 Application of the Generic Architecture in Pilot Cases 3.1 Cold Forming for the Manufacturing of Shaver Cutters 3.2 Continuous Compression Moulding for the Manufacturing of Plastic Closures 3.3 Cold Forming and Arc-Welding for the Manufacturing of Chassis Parts 4 Summary and Outlook References IoT Framework and Requirement for Intelligent Industrial Pyrolysis Process to Recycle CFRP Composite Wastes: Application Study 1 Introduction 2 General IoT Framework for Recycling Carbon Fibers 2.1 Industrial-Scale Pyrolysis Process and IoT Framework 2.2 The Role of IoT in Process Monitoring 2.3 Selection of IoT Platform for Pyrolysis Process 2.4 Communication Requirements 3 Conclusion References Approach of Automated ML Algorithm Selection for the Realization of Intelligent Production 1 Motivation, Research Gap and Problem Statement Towards Intelligent Production 2 State-of-the-Art and Related Work 2.1 Artificial Intelligence 2.2 Data Mining Models and Employment of Artificial Intelligence for Achieving Production Excellence 3 Approach and Reference Model for Intelligent Production 4 Conclusion and Future Work References A Case Study on Data Analytics Based on Edge Computing for Smart Manufacturing System 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Big Data Analytics in Smart Manufacturing 2.2 Cloud-Based Data Analytics and Edge Computing 3 Case Study 3.1 Digitalization of Data Collection in Testing Process 3.2 Localization of Data Analytics with Edge-Based Failure Analytics 3.3 Adoption of the Intelligent Integrated Information Framework (INFO-I2) 4 Conclusion References Supply Chain Management An Integrated Approach for Resilient Value Creation Among the Lifecycle: Using the Automotive Industry as an Example 1 Introduction 2 The Automotive Industry in the Wake of COVID-19 3 Materials and Methods 4 Approach 5 Case Study: Automotive Software and Electronics 6 Discussion and Conclusion References Theory of Agency in Supply Chain Finance: Taking a Hermeneutic Approach 1 Introduction 2 Method 3 Theory of Agency and Its Use in Supply Chain Finance 4 Conclusions References The Role of Machine Learning in Supply Chain Management 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Background 3 Research Design 4 Results 4.1 Strategic Supplier Selection 4.2 Demand Forecasting and Production Planning 4.3 Supply Risk Mitigation 4.4 Process and Operations 4.5 Sustainability and Green Supply Chain 4.6 The Role of Machine Learning in SCM 5 Conclusion References Optimizing the Supply of Eucalyptus for Agroindustry: A Mathematical Programming Approach 1 Introduction 2 Problem Description 3 Model 3.1 Sets 3.2 Parameters 3.3 Variables 3.4 Model 4 Case Study 4.1 Data 4.2 Results 5 Conclusion References Green Television Supply Chain Under Capital Constraint for Achieving Environmental Sustainability 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Model Description 4 Models 4.1 APD Model 4.2 BPOF Model 5 Financing Equilibrium and Profit Risk Analysis 6 Numerical Analysis 7 Conclusion References Fuzzy Multi-objective Mathematical Modelling for Distribution Planning 1 Introduction 2 Problem Statement 3 Proposed Methodology 3.1 Notation 3.2 Model 4 Numerical Experiment 5 Results and Conclusion References Business Analysis of Electronic Device Manufacturers on Business Continuity Plans Under Uncertain Supply Chain Disruption Risks 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Procurement Disruptions and Supply Chain Model 3.1 Procurement Disruptions and Recovery Periods 3.2 Supply Chain Model 4 Models of Risk Hedging and Recovery Countermeasures 4.1 Robust Countermeasure 4.2 Robust and Flexible Countermeasure 5 Numerical Experiments and Results 6 Conclusions References A Vision for a Highly Automated Digital Local Manufacturing Network—Solutions and Challenges 1 Introduction 2 Vision for an Automated Digital Local Manufacturing Network 3 Summary and conclusions References Digital Supply Chain and Blockchain: A Living Lab Perspective 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 4 Analysed Case 4.1 Food Safety Certification 4.2 Temperature Management for Conditioned Goods 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Living Lab as a Research Method 6 Conclusions References Industrial Engineering and  Operations Research Proposal of a Firefly Algorithm with Three Types of Functionally Differentiated Fireflies 1 First Section 2 Overview of the Yang's Firefly Algorithm (FA) 3 Firefly Algorithm with Distinct Males and Females (FADMF) by Takeuchi et al. 4 Proposal of a Firefly Algorithm with Three Types of Functionally Differentiated Fireflies 5 Numerical Verification 6 Verification Results 7 Conclusion References Applying Overall Equipment Effectiveness to Pipe Jacking Tunneling in Construction Industry 1 Introduction 1.1 OEE 1.2 Productivity in Construction Industry 2 Methodology 2.1 The Operation Process of EPMS 2.2 The Loss Structure of Propulsion Equipment 2.3 The Definitions of EPIs 2.4 The Analysis Procedure of EPI 3 Real-World Case Study 4 Conclusions References How Moderator Variables Affect Scheduling Objectives in Unpaced Mixed-Model Assembly Lines 1 Introduction 2 Methodology to Analyze the Impact of the Moderator Variables 2.1 Scheduling Objectives as Dependent Variables 2.2 Sequences as Independent Variables 2.3 Moderator Variables 2.4 Hypothesis Testing 3 Impact of Moderator Variables on Relation Between Schedule and Scheduling Objectives 3.1 Number and Heterogeneity of Products 3.2 Volume Mix 3.3 Degree of Grouping 3.4 Workload 4 Conclusion and Future Research References Proposal of the Algorithm for Solving the Component Assignment Problem in a Linear Consecutive System with Three Failure Modes 1 Introduction 2 CAP in the Dual Linear Consecutive System with Three Failure Modes 2.1 Assumptions, Notation, and Formulation 2.2 Related Studies 3 Recursive Equation to Compute the System Reliability 4 Proposed B&B-Based Algorithm 5 Efficiency Investigation 6 Conclusion References Metaheuristics Based Profit-Oriented Optimization Model for the Hazardous Waste Location Routing Problem 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Problem Description and Formulation 3.1 Problem Framework 3.2 Mathematical Model 4 Computational Results 5 Conclusions References A Bi-Objective Integer Linear Optimization Model for Post-Departure Aircraft Rerouting Problem 1 Aircraft Rerouting Problem 2 A Bi-Objective Collaborative Model 2.1 Model Formulation 3 Results and Discussion 4 Concluding Remarks References Forecasting the Economic Number of Times Sheet Metal Subject to Corrosion Should Be Painted Before Replacement 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Case Study and Results 4 Discussion References Task Allocation Problem Between Human–robot Collaboration Team 1 Introduction 2 A Task Allocation Problem 2.1 Task Allocation Concept and Terminologies 3 Application Phases and Task Allocation Methods 3.1 Task Allocation Application Phases 3.2 Task Allocation Methods 4 Evaluation Criteria of TAP and Verification Methods 4.1 Evaluation Criteria 4.2 Implementation and Verification Methods 5 Conclusions References An Exact Algorithm for the Monitoring Problem by Using Drones 1 Introduction 2 Problem Description 3 Exact Algorithm 3.1 Proofs of Valid Inequalities 3.2 Exact Algorithm by Using Valid Ineqalities 4 Numerical Experiments 5 Conclusions References A Two-Level Induced OWA Procedure for Ranking DMUs Under a DEA Cross-Efficiency Framework 1 Introduction 2 Methodological Background 2.1 Self- And Cross-Efficiency Models 2.2 OWA Operator 3 A Two-Level Induced OWA Procedure for Ranking 3.1 Preference Voting 3.2 Induced OWA Aggregation 4 Illustrative Examples 5 Application 6 Conclusion Appendix References Simulation Optimization for Multi-product (s, S) Inventory Policy with Stochastic Demand 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Problem Statement and Formulation 3.1 Proposed Mathematical Method 3.2 Proposed Simulation Optimization Method 4 Experimental Study 5 Conclusion References Multi-manned Assembly Line Balancing Problem in a Diesel Engine Manufacturing Company: A Real-World Case Study 1 Introduction 2 Problem 2.1 Company Background 2.2 Dual Stations 2.3 Product Positioning 3 Proposed Methodology 3.1 Way of Work Proposed 3.2 Mathematical Model 4 Results 5 Conclusions References Application of Agile Project Management Approaches in the Automotive Industry 1 Introduction 2 Agile Project Management 3 Methodology 4 Findings 4.1 Work and Efforts 4.2 Materiality 4.3 Agency and Creativity 4.4 Knowledge 4.5 Interests and Power 5 Discussions 6 Conclusions References An Operational Form of Bundling 1 Introduction 2 The Model 3 Analysis 4 Numerical Result References Multi-objective Simulation Optimization Using Data Envelopment Analysis for Personnel Planning 1 Introduction 2 Model Description 3 Solution Approach 4 Computational Study 5 Conclusion References One-of-a-Kind Productions in Industry 4.0 Environments 1 Introduction 2 Problem Description 2.1 Model 2.2 Control Loop 2.3 Dispatching Rules 3 Experiments and Results 3.1 Experimental Design 3.2 Results 4 Conclusion References A Novel Graph-Theoretical Approach of Selecting Representative Pareto Optimal Solutions for Multi-objective Optimization Problems 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Construction of a Contact Network (Graph) G for the Pareto Optimal Solutions 2.2 Proposed Method of Selecting a Representative Solution for Each Cluster 3 Case Study 4 Conclusions References Graph Model Based Bill of Material Structure for Coupling Product Development and Production Planning 1 Introduction 2 State of the Art and Qualitative Review 3 Graph Model Based BOM 3.1 Changes in Engineering Workflows 3.2 Exemplary EBOM and MBOM 3.3 Graph Data Model of BOM 3.4 Validation with Use Cases 3.5 Discussion 4 Summary and Outlook References Logistics Engineering and Management Intra-Route Location Routing for the Pickup and Delivery Problem with Transfers 1 Introduction 1.1 Relevant Literature 1.2 Our Contribution 2 Problem Definition and Mathematical Model 3 Computational Study 4 Conclusion References Method for Determining Loading Positions of Delivered Parcels by Genetic Algorithm with Three-Dimensional Modified BL Method with Multidirectional Reference Points 1 Introduction 2 Problem Formulation 2.1 Scale Setting 2.2 Restrictions on Loading Delivered Parcels 2.3 Evaluation of Loading Results 3 The Method of the Previous Studies 4 Proposal Method 4.1 Three-Dimensional Modified BL Method with Multidirectional Reference Points 4.2 Adaptation of Genetic Algorithm 4.3 Genetic Manipulation 5 Result and Discussion 6 Conclusions References Redesigning the Current Inventory Management Process for an SME 1 Introduction 2 Bibliographic Review 3 Methodology 4 Results 4.1 Simulation Results 4.2 Inventory Management Results with Model P 4.3 Cost Analysis 5 Conclusions References Investigation of Transport Logistics Disruptions from Urban Floods: A Case Study of the Chinese Coastal Megacity—Guangzhou, China 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Case Study of Guangzhou 2.2 Data and Analysis 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 The Annual Rainfall from 2016 to 2020 3.2 The Layout of Road Waterlogging 3.3 The Potential Impacts of Urban Floods on Logistics Disruption 4 Recommendations 4.1 Quantify Logistics Disruption Using a Simulation Model 4.2 Practices and Planning 5 Conclusion References Locating Street Markets in Smart Cities: A View from Mathematical Modeling and Urban Planning Perspectives 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Competitive Facility Location 2.2 Selection of Suitable Locations: Urban and Functionality Factors 2.3 Smart Cities 3 Methods 3.1 Competitive Facility Location Model 3.2 Preselection of Potential Location 4 Description of Case Study 5 Results 6 Conclusions and Future Works References Sustainable Production Smart Eco-Factory—Aspects for Next Generation Facilities Supporting Sustainable and High-Tech Production 1 Introduction and Motivation 2 Current Approaches for Sustainable Manufacturing Areas 3 Advancing of Production Areas 3.1 Topic Areas 3.2 Climate and Resilience 3.3 Mobility and Traffic 3.4 Human and Work 3.5 Digitalization and Industry 4.0 3.6 Energy and Resource Efficiency 4 Analysis of an Exemplary Case 4.1 Introduction of the Pioneer Company 4.2 Approaches for Long-Term Sustainability for Production Buildings 5 Summary and Outlook References A Green Approach on Multiple Allocation Hub Covering Flow Problem 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Model 3 Numerical Experiments 4 Research Insights 5 Conclusion References A Linguistic MCDM Approach to Overcome Future Challenges of Vertical Farming 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Background 2.1 Controlled Environment Agriculture 2.2 Vertical Farming 2.3 VF Challenges and Solutions 2.4 Methodological Background 2.5 2-Tuple Linguistic Model 2.6 2-Tuple Integrated HoQ 3 Case Study 4 Results and Analysis 5 Conclusions References New Product Development and  Innovation Management A Study of Perceived Level of Difficulty for the Execution of the New Product Development Process 1 Introduction 2 Methodological Approach 3 Findings and Discussion 3.1 Descriptive Analysis 3.2 Analysis of Variance 4 Conclusion and Recommendations References Is that Innovation? Unlocking Vietnamese MedTech SMEs Innovation Pathways 1 Introduction 2 SMEs Challenges and Innovation Pathways in Asia 3 Research Methodology 4 Findings and Discussion 5 Conclusion 5.1 Limitation and Future Research References Crowd Engineering Platform—Functions Supporting Co-creation in Product Development 1 Introduction 2 Innovative Approach for Collaborative Product Engineering 2.1 Crowd Engineering 2.2 Community 3 Technological Supportive Infrastructure 3.1 Community Module 3.2 Ideation Module 3.3 Crowd Engineering Project Module 4 Potential Operating Model of the Crowd Engineering Platform 4.1 Business Model for Creating a Critical Mass of Participants on the Platform 4.2 Business Model for Community Internal Projects (Non-commercial Projects) 4.3 Business Model for External Projects with Commercial Interest 5 Summary and Outlook References Potential Contributions of Artificial Intelligence in Crowd Engineering 1 Introduction 2 Using AI for Crowd Engineering 2.1 Product Development with Artificial Intelligence 2.2 Potentials and Challenges of Using AI for Crowd Engineering 3 Collaboration 3.1 Human-AI Collaboration 3.2 Role of Humans 4 Conclusion and Outlook References Framework for the Identification of Fields of Innovation in the Product Environment Via Text Mining and Semantic Networks 1 Motivation 2 Relevant Terminology, Techniques and State of the Art 2.1 Environmental Scanning 2.2 Text Mining 2.3 Semantic Networks 3 Framework 3.1 Semantic Description of a Product 3.2 Identification of External Influences and Need for Information 3.3 Topic Modeling 3.4 Semantic Modeling 3.5 Derivation of Potential Fields of Innovation 4 Conclusion References A Collaborative and Interactive Surface Concept for Early Stages of New Product Development—A Multi-stage Expert Study 1 Introduction 2 Method 2.1 Stage 1: Span Design Space 2.2 Stage 2: Explore Design Space 2.3 Stage 3: Visualizing Design Ideas 3 Results 3.1 Stage 1: Design Space Dimensions 3.2 Stage 2: Dimensions and Requirements 3.3 Stage 3: Digital Tabletop Concepts and Requirements 4 Discussion, Future Research and Conclusion References Interorganizational New Product Development: A Future Vision of Project Team Support on an Organizational, Relational, and Content-Related Collaboration Level 1 Introduction 2 Method 3 Results 3.1 Organizational and Relational Collaboration Level 3.2 Content-Related Collaboration Level 4 Discussion of the Results 5 Conclusion, Limitations and Future Research References Using an Actual Design Method for the Design of Research Methodologies: Case of the Dichotomy Exploration and Exploitation in Context of Innovation Management 1 Introduction 1.1 Background and Objectives 1.2 Scope and Outline of Paper 2 Relevant Principles of Design and Engineering 2.1 Three Characteristics for Design and Engineering of Artefacts 2.2 Process Model for Design of Research Methodology 3 Application to Design of Research Methodology 3.1 Brief Overview of Outcomes from Literature Review 3.2 First Phase for Design of Research Methodology 3.3 Design of Research Methodology 4 Concluding Remarks References Developing High-Variant Products and Production Systems in Line with Value Stream Requirements Through Simulation 1 Introduction 1.1 The Challenge of Variant Diversity and Short Delivery Times for Production Companies 1.2 Value Stream Design as a Solution Approach for the Coordination of Product and Production System 2 Integration of Value Stream Engineering and Advanced Systems Engineering 2.1 Definition of Advanced Systems Engineering 2.2 Definition of Value Stream Mapping (VSM) 2.3 Definition of Simulation 2.4 Value Stream Simulation of Product and Production System to Ensure High Delivery Capability 2.5 Value Stream Compatible Design of Product and Production System 2.6 Example of a Value Stream Simulation and Value Stream Compliant Product Design 3 Summary References Quality Engineering and Management Variable Sampling Plan Indexed by Taguchi’s Quality Loss Under Emphasized Difference of Mean 1 Introduction 2 Single Sampling Plan Index by Quality Loss 3 Single Sampling Plan Index by Quality Loss 4 Numerical Examples 5 Conclusion References Proposal and Verification of Quality Control Method by Adjusting Process Mean in Post-process 1 Introduction 2 Process Control 2.1 Control Chart 2.2 Assumption of the Normal Distribution 2.3 Process Capability Index 3 Method for Controlling the Quality of Products Lot by Lot 4 Case Study in Simulation 4.1 Case Study 4.2 Simulation Conditions 5 Results 6 Conclusion References Human Factors Engineering Examining the Correspondence of Cognitive Costs and the Mutual Information Criterion in Rational Inattention Models 1 Introduction 2 Problem Setting 2.1 Sequential Investment Task 2.2 Experimental Setup 2.3 Participants 3 Analysis Model 3.1 The Kalman Filter Type RI Model 3.2 Stochastic Choice Type RI Model 4 Empirical Results 4.1 Quantile Analysis 4.2 Model Selection References A Proposed Model for 3D Printing Education in the University 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review and Industrial Development 2.1 Literature Review 2.2 Industrial Use of 3D Printing 3 INNO3D Projects and the Related Training Program 3.1 The INNO3D Project 3.2 A Proposed Model for 3D Printing Education 4 Conclusions References Multimedia Skills Development to Support Engineering Studies 1 Introduction 2 Overview of MUST Project 3 Research on Multimedia Training Needs Assessment 4 Multimedia Skills Development to Support Engineering Studies 5 Conclusions and Final Remarks References Healthcare Management An Optimization Model on Patient Appointment Scheduling of MRI Diagnostic Examination with Prioritization 1 Introduction 2 Appointment Scheduling for MRI Diagnostic Exams 3 Model Development 3.1 Total Patient Prediction Model 3.2 Patient Scheduling Model 3.3 Heuristic 4 Model Results 5 Conclusions References Discrete Event Simulation for Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Analysis in India 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Problem Framework 3.1 Problem Statement 3.2 Notations and Decision Variables 3.3 Mathematical Formulation 4 Network Optimization and Simulation Model 4.1 Network Optimization 4.2 Simulation Model 5 Results and Discussions 5.1 Financial Performance 5.2 Operational Performance 5.3 Customer Performance 6 Conclusion References Dual Resource Scheduling in Trauma Care Centre with Time Varying Patient Demand 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Problem Statement and Formulation 3.1 Problem Statement 3.2 Assumptions 4 Mathematical Formulations 4.1 Notations and Decision Variables 4.2 Constraints 4.3 Objective Function 5 Case Study 6 Conclusions References Real-Time Scheduling of Bed Resource Allocation to Improve Emergency Overcrowding 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Model Development 2.2 ED Situation 2.3 Analysis of the Strategy 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Basic Medical Equipment and Human Resource Allocation Models in Philippine Barangay Health Centers Using Integer Linear Programming 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Research Design 2.2 Data Measures 3 Results 3.1 Case 1. Base Model—Human Resource Model 3.2 Actual Budget Constraint—Human Resource Model 3.3 Assuming 100 Percent Accommodation for CHO 1—Human Resource Model 3.4 Case 1. Base Model—Basic Medical Equipment Model 3.5 Case 2. 2019 Actual Budget Constraint—Basic Medical Equipment Model 3.6 Case 3. Assuming 100% Accommodation for CHO 1—Basic Medical Equipment 4 Discussion 4.1 Conclusion 4.2 Recommendations References