Barite-Fluorite Mineralization in Southeast Sichuan, Yangtze Block, China

Description

This book describes the mineralization process of barite-fluorite deposits in southeastern Sichuan, Yangtze Block, China. Mainly through systematic field geological surveys and detailed indoor research work, the typical barite-fluorite deposits in this area were analyzed using a variety of analysis methods such as single fluid inclusion LA-ICP-MS composition analysis, trace rare earth element analysis, H-O-S-Sr isotope analysis, F element content analysis, and Sm-Nd geochronological analysis. By in-depth analysis of the ore-forming environment, mineralization process and geological characteristics of barite-fluorite deposits, the following were determined: (1) the source of ore-forming fluids of barite-fluorite deposits and (2) the migration, concentration, enrichment, and evolution of ore-forming sources, exploring the formation mechanism of barite-fluorite deposits. Summarizing the mineralization regularity of the deposit in this area of China provides a new insight and basis for the study of similar types of deposits in the world. Foreword 1 Foreword 2 Preface About the Book Contents About the Authors List of Figures List of Tables Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Significance 1.2 State of the Art Research 1.2.1 State of the Art Research on Fluorite Resource Status of Fluorite The Global Position of Fluorite Resources in China Distribution of Fluorite Resources in China State of the Art Research of Fluorite Deposit Characteristics Types of Fluorite Deposits Genesis of Fluorite Deposits Mineralization Temperature of Fluorite Deposits Mineralization Age of Fluorite Deposits Source of Ore-Forming Materials Ore-Forming Fluid Sources The Colour of Fluorite 1.2.2 State of the Art Research on Barite Resource Status of Barite The Global Status of Barite Resources in China Distribution Characteristics of Barite Resources in China State of the Art Research of Barite Deposits Deposit Types Geological Characteristics of Barite Deposits Mineralization Temperature of Barite Deposits Sources of Ore-Forming Materials in Barite Deposits Sr and S Isotopes REE Characteristics 1.2.3 State of the Art Research on Fluorite of the Study Area 1.3 The Scientific Problem 1.4 Research Ideas and Research Content 1.4.1 Research Ideas 1.4.2 Research Content References Chapter 2: Geological Setting 2.1 Geotectonic Setting 2.1.1 Paleozoic to Early Devonian Tectonic Evolution 2.1.2 Middle Devonian to Early Permian Tectonic Evolution 2.1.3 Late Permian to Middle Triassic Tectonic Evolution 2.1.4 Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous Tectonic Evolution 2.1.5 Late Cretaceous to Present Tectonic Evolution 2.2 Regional Stratigraphic Characteristics 2.2.1 Pre-Cambrian 2.2.2 Cambrian 2.2.3 Ordovician 2.2.4 Middle-Lower Silurian 2.3 Regional Structural Characteristics 2.3.1 Fold Ore Control Structure System 2.3.2 Fault Structure System References Chapter 3: Petrological Characteristics and Sedimentary Environment 3.1 Petrological Characteristics 3.1.1 Clastic Rocks and Shale 3.1.2 Carbonate 3.2 Sedimentary Environment References Chapter 4: Mineralization Belts and Geological Characteristics of Deposits 4.1 Distribution Characteristics of Mineralization Belts 4.2 Geological Characteristics of Typical Deposits 4.2.1 Langxi Huoshiya Barite-Fluorite Deposit Strata Structure Ore Body Characteristics Ore Characteristics Ore Composition and Properties Ore Texture and Structure Wall Rock Alteration 4.2.2 Fengjia Barite-Fluorite Deposit Strata Structure Ore Body Characteristics Ore Characteristics Wall Rock Alteration 4.2.3 Taiji Barite-Fluorite Deposit Strata Structure Ore Body Characteristics Ore Characteristics Wall Rock Alteration 4.2.4 Honghualing Barite-Fluorite Deposit Strata Structure Ore Body Characteristics Ore Characteristics Wall Rock Alteration References Chapter 5: Element Geochemistry 5.1 Sample Collection and Analysis 5.2 Geochemical Characteristics of Trace Elements 5.3 Geochemical Characteristics of REEs 5.3.1 Characteristics of REE in Fluorite and Barite 5.3.2 Characteristics of REE in Ore-Bearing Wall Rocks 5.4 Discussion 5.4.1 REE Patterns 5.4.2 δEu and δCe 5.4.3 REE Variation Diagrams La/Ho Vs Y/Ho Tb/Ca Vs Tb/La La/Yb Vs REE References Chapter 6: Ore-Forming Fluids 6.1 Fluid Inclusion Geochemistry 6.1.1 Petrographic Characteristics of Fluid Inclusions 6.1.2 Homogenization Temperature and Salinity 6.1.3 Fluid Inclusion Density 6.2 Pressure Estimation of Fluid Inclusions 6.2.1 Pressure Estimation and Mineralization Depth Driesner and Heinrich Equation Bischoff Phase Diagram Method Shao Jielian´s Empirical Formula Liu Bin´s Isometric Equation 6.2.2 Degree of Erosion 6.2.3 Oxygen Fugacity Analysis 6.3 Vapor and Liquid Composition of Fluid Inclusions 6.3.1 Gas Phase Composition 6.3.2 Liquid Phase Composition 6.4 LA-ICP-MS Analysis of Single Fluid Inclusions References Chapter 7: Isotope Geochemistry 7.1 H-O Isotopic Characteristics 7.2 S Isotopic Characteristics 7.3 Sr Isotopic Characteristics 7.3.1 Sr Isotopic Compositions of the Host Rock 7.3.2 Sr Isotopic Composition of Fluorite and Barite 7.3.3 The Source of Ca and Ba 7.4 Sm-Nd Isotopic Characteristics References Chapter 8: The Source and Regularity of Mineralization 8.1 Source of the Ore-Forming Fluids 8.2 Source of the Ore-Forming Materials 8.3 Age of the Mineralization 8.4 Mineralization Period and Mineral Formation Sequence 8.4.1 Pre-mineralization Period Sedimentary-Diagenetic Enrichment stage of the Basin Precipitation and Deep-Cycle Leaching Enrichment stage 8.4.2 Syn-mineralization Period Barite-Fluorite Mineralization Stage (I) White (colorless) Coarse Grained Barite-Fluorite Substage (I-1) Dark Fine-Grained Fluorite Substage (I-2) Carbonate Stage (II) 8.4.3 Post-mineralization Period 8.5 Zoning of Ore Bodies and Mineralization Model 8.5.1 Vertical Zonation of the Ore Bodies Spatial Zoning Characteristics of the Altered Roof of the Barite-Fluorite Ore Body Carbonated Altered Roof Silicified Alteration Top Cover Spatial Zoning Characteristics of the Ore Body at the Head of Barite-Fluorite Deposits Characteristics of the Upper Part of the Head Ore Body Characteristics of the Lower Part of the Head Ore Body Spatial Zoning Characteristics of the Upper Ore Body in Barite-Fluorite Deposits Spatial Zoning Characteristics of the Middle Ore Body in Barite-Fluorite Deposits Spatial Zoning Characteristics of the Lower Ore Body in Barite-Fluorite Deposits Spatial Zoning Characteristics of the Tail Ore Body in Barite-Fluorite Deposits 8.5.2 Mineralization Model 8.6 Mineralization Regularity 8.6.1 The Spatiotemporal Evolution of the Mineralization Belt 8.6.2 The Temporal and Spatial Evolution of the Ore Bodies References