Social Psychology 12th Edition

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COPY THIS MESSAGE TO YOUR UPLOADS SO WE ALL DO THIS! IF YOU USE THIS SITE FOR BOOKS, CANNOT FIND A CERTAIN BOOK AND HAVE TO BUY THE FILE FOR THAT BOOK, UPLOAD THE BOOK TO THE LIBRARY FOR OTHERS! IT ONLY TAKES ABOUT 5-10 MINUTES ONCE YOU DOWNLOAD IT, SO PLEASE BE AN AMAZING HUMAN AND MAKE THAT NEW KNOWLEDGE AVAILABLE TO ANYONE AND EVERYONE! This is the 12th edition of Social Psychology by David Myers and Jean M. Twenge. It is similar to the 11th edition, however I came across the 12th edition and decided to upload this just in case there were specific features that your professor required that were not present in other editions. Cover......Page 1 Title Page......Page 4 Copyright Page......Page 5 Dedication......Page 6 About the Authors......Page 7 Brief Contents......Page 8 Table of Contents......Page 9 Preface......Page 20 Acknowledgments......Page 23 CHAPTER 1 Introducing Social Psychology......Page 26 What Is Social Psychology?......Page 27 We Construct Our Social Reality......Page 28 Our Social Intuitions Are Often Powerful but Sometimes Perilous......Page 29 Social Influences Shape Our Behavior......Page 30 Social Behavior Is Biologically Rooted......Page 31 Social Psychology's Principles Are Applicable in Everyday Life......Page 32 Obvious Ways Values Enter Psychology......Page 33 Not-So-Obvious Ways Values Enter Psychology......Page 34 I Knew It All Along: Is Social Psychology Simply Common Sense?......Page 36 Focus On: I Knew It All Along......Page 38 Forming and Testing Hypotheses......Page 39 Correlational Research: Detecting Natural Associations......Page 40 Experimental Research: Searching for Cause and Effect......Page 46 Generalizing from Laboratory to Life......Page 49 Postscript: Why We Wrote This Book......Page 51 CHAPTER 2 The Self in a Social World......Page 52 Spotlights and Illusions: What Do They Teach Us About Ourselves?......Page 53 Research Close-Up: On Being Nervous About Looking Nervous......Page 54 At the Center of Our Worlds: Our Sense of Self......Page 56 Self and Culture......Page 57 Self-Knowledge......Page 62 The Inside Story: Hazel Markus and Shinobu Kitayama on Cultural Psychology......Page 63 What Is the Nature and Motivating Power of Self-Esteem?......Page 67 Self-Esteem Motivation......Page 68 The Trade-off of Low vs. High Self-Esteem......Page 70 Self-Efficacy......Page 72 What Is Self-Serving Bias?......Page 73 Explaining Positive and Negative Events......Page 74 Focus On: Self-Serving Bias-How Do I Love Me? Let Me Count the Ways......Page 75 Unrealistic Optimism......Page 76 False Consensus and Uniqueness......Page 78 Explaining Self-Serving Bias......Page 79 Self-Handicapping......Page 80 Impression Management......Page 81 What Does It Mean To Have "Self-Control"?......Page 83 Postscript: Twin Truths-The Perils of Pride, the Powers of Positive Thinking......Page 85 CHAPTER 3 Social Beliefs and Judgments......Page 86 Priming......Page 87 Intuitive Judgments......Page 89 Overconfidence......Page 91 Heuristics: Mental Shortcuts......Page 93 Counterfactual Thinking......Page 97 Illusory Thinking......Page 98 Moods and Judgments......Page 100 The Inside Story: Joseph P. Forgas: Can Bad Weather Improve Your Memory?......Page 101 Perceiving and Interpreting Events......Page 102 Constructing Memories of Ourselves and Our Worlds......Page 104 Attributing Causality: To the Person or the Situation......Page 107 The Fundamental Attribution Error......Page 109 Focus On: The Self-Fulfilling Psychology of the Stock Market......Page 115 Teacher Expectations and Student Performance......Page 116 Getting from Others What We Expect......Page 117 What Can We Conclude About Social Beliefs and Judgments?......Page 119 Postscript: Reflecting on Illusory Thinking......Page 121 CHAPTER 4 Behavior and Attitudes......Page 122 How Well Do Our Attitudes Predict Our Behavior?......Page 123 When Attitudes Predict Behavior......Page 124 Role Playing......Page 128 Evil and Moral Acts......Page 130 Social Movements......Page 132 Why Does Our Behavior Affect Our Attitudes?......Page 133 Self-Justification: Cognitive Dissonance......Page 134 The Inside Story: Leon Festinger on Dissonance Reduction......Page 137 Self-Perception......Page 138 Comparing the Theories......Page 143 Postscript: Changing Ourselves Through Action......Page 145 CHAPTER 5 Genes, Culture, and Gender......Page 146 How Are We Influenced by Human Nature and Cultural Diversity?......Page 147 Genes, Evolution, and Behavior......Page 148 Focus On: The Cultural Animal......Page 149 Research Close-Up: Passing Encounters, East and West......Page 152 How Are Males and Females Alike and Different?......Page 156 Gender and Genes......Page 157 Independence Versus Connectedness......Page 158 Social Dominance......Page 161 Aggression......Page 162 Sexuality......Page 163 Gender and Mating Preferences......Page 165 Focus On: Evolutionary Science and Religion......Page 168 Gender and Hormones......Page 169 Culture and Gender: Doing as the Culture Says?......Page 170 Gender Roles Vary Over Time......Page 171 Peer-Transmitted Culture......Page 172 Biology and Culture......Page 174 The Inside Story: Alice Eagly on Gender Similarities and Differences......Page 175 The Power of the Situation and the Person......Page 176 Postscript: Should We View Ourselves as Products or Architects of Our Social Worlds?......Page 177 CHAPTER 6 Conformity and Obedience......Page 178 What Is Conformity?......Page 179 Sherif's Studies of Norm Formation......Page 180 Research Close-Up: Contagious Yawning......Page 182 Asch's Studies of Group Pressure......Page 184 Milgram's Obedience Studies......Page 186 The Inside Story: Stanley Milgram on Obedience......Page 188 The Ethics of Milgram's Studies......Page 189 What Breeds Obedience?......Page 190 Focus On: Personalizing the Victims......Page 191 Reflections on the Classic Studies......Page 193 Group Size......Page 199 Cohesion......Page 200 Prior Commitment......Page 202 Why Conform?......Page 203 Personality......Page 206 Social Roles......Page 207 Reactance......Page 209 Asserting Uniqueness......Page 210 Postscript: On Being An Individual Within a Community......Page 211 CHAPTER 7 Persuasion......Page 213 The Central Route......Page 215 Different Paths for Different Purposes......Page 216 Who Says? The Communicator......Page 217 What Is Said? The Message Content......Page 221 Research Close-Up: Experimenting with a Virtual Social Reality......Page 222 How Is It Said? The Channel of Communication......Page 229 To Whom Is It Said? The Audience......Page 233 Focus On: Cults and Persuasion......Page 234 Strengthening Personal Commitment......Page 238 Real-Life Applications: Inoculation Programs......Page 239 Implications of Attitude Inoculation......Page 241 Postscript: Being Open but Not Naive......Page 242 CHAPTER 8 Group Influence......Page 243 What Is a Group?......Page 244 The Mere Presence of Others......Page 245 Crowding: The Presence of Many Others......Page 247 Why Are We Aroused in the Presence of Others?......Page 248 Social Loafing: Do Individuals Exert Less Effort in a Group?......Page 249 Many Hands Make Light Work......Page 250 Social Loafing in Everyday Life......Page 251 Doing Together What We Would Not Do Alone......Page 254 Diminished Self-Awareness......Page 257 The Case of the "Risky Shift"......Page 258 Do Groups Intensify Opinions?......Page 259 Focus On: Group Polarization......Page 262 Explaining Group Polarization......Page 263 Groupthink: Do Groups Hinder or Assist Good Decisions?......Page 265 Symptoms of Groupthink......Page 266 The Inside Story: Irving Janis on Groupthink......Page 267 Critiquing Groupthink......Page 269 Group Problem Solving......Page 270 The Inside Story: Behind a Nobel Prize: Two Minds Are Better Than One......Page 271 The Influence of the Minority: How Do Individuals Influence the Group?......Page 273 Self-Confidence......Page 274 Is Leadership Minority Influence?......Page 275 Focus On: Transformational Community Leadership......Page 276 Postscript: Are Groups Bad for Us?......Page 278 CHAPTER 9 Prejudice: Disliking Others......Page 279 What Is the Nature and Power of Prejudice?......Page 280 Defining Prejudice......Page 281 Racial Prejudice......Page 282 Gender Prejudice......Page 287 Gay-Lesbian Prejudice......Page 289 Social Inequalities: Unequal Status and Prejudice......Page 291 Socialization......Page 292 Institutional Supports......Page 295 Frustration and Aggression: The Scapegoat Theory......Page 296 Social Identity Theory: Feeling Superior to Others......Page 297 Motivation to Avoid Prejudice......Page 301 What Are the Cognitive Sources of Prejudice?......Page 302 Categorization: Classifying People into Groups......Page 303 Distinctiveness: Perceiving People Who Stand Out......Page 305 Attribution: Is It a Just World?......Page 308 Self-Perpetuating Prejudgments......Page 312 Stereotype Threat......Page 314 The Inside Story: Claude Steele on Stereotype Threat......Page 316 Do Stereotypes Bias Judgments of Individuals?......Page 317 Postscript: Can We Reduce Prejudice?......Page 319 CHAPTER 10 Aggression: Hurting Others......Page 321 What Is Aggression?......Page 323 Aggression as a Biological Phenomenon......Page 324 Aggression as a Response to Frustration......Page 329 Aggression as Learned Social Behavior......Page 331 Aversive Incidents......Page 334 Arousal......Page 336 Aggression Cues......Page 337 Media Influences: Pornography and Sexual Violence......Page 338 Media Influences: Television and the Internet......Page 340 Effects of Video Games......Page 345 Group Influences......Page 350 Research Close-Up: When Provoked, Are Groups More Aggressive Than Individuals?......Page 352 Catharsis?......Page 353 A Social Learning Approach......Page 355 Culture Change and World Violence......Page 356 Postscript: Reforming a Violent Culture......Page 357 CHAPTER 11 Attraction and Intimacy: Liking and Loving Others......Page 358 Proximity......Page 362 Focus On: Liking Things Associated with Oneself......Page 366 Physical Attractiveness......Page 367 The Inside Story: Ellen Berscheid on Attractiveness......Page 371 Similarity Versus Complementarity......Page 376 Liking Those Who Like Us......Page 379 Focus On: Bad Is Stronger Than Good......Page 380 Relationship Rewards......Page 381 Passionate Love......Page 383 Companionate Love......Page 386 Attachment......Page 388 Equity......Page 390 Self-Disclosure......Page 391 Focus On: Does the Internet Create Intimacy or Isolation?......Page 394 How Do Relationships End?......Page 395 Divorce......Page 396 The Detachment Process......Page 397 Postscript: Making Love......Page 399 CHAPTER 12 Helping......Page 400 Social Exchange and Social Norms......Page 402 The Inside Story: Dennis Krebs on Life Experience and the Study of Altruism......Page 403 Evolutionary Psychology......Page 409 Genuine Altruism......Page 412 Focus On: The Benefits-and the Costs-of Empathy-Induced Altruism......Page 415 When Will We Help?......Page 416 Number of Bystanders......Page 417 The Inside Story: John M. Darley on Bystander Reactions......Page 419 Helping When Someone Else Does......Page 421 Similarity......Page 422 Research Close-Up: Ingroup Similarity and Helping......Page 423 Personality Traits......Page 425 Gender......Page 426 Religious Faith......Page 427 Reduce Ambiguity, Increase Responsibility......Page 429 Socializing Altruism......Page 431 Focus On: Behavior and Attitudes Among Rescuers of Jews......Page 433 Postscript: Taking Social Psychology Into Life......Page 436 CHAPTER 13 Conflict and Peacemaking......Page 437 Social Dilemmas......Page 438 Competition......Page 444 Perceived Injustice......Page 445 Misperception......Page 446 Research Close-Up: Misperception and War......Page 449 Contact......Page 450 Research Close-Up: Relationships That Might Have Been......Page 454 Cooperation......Page 455 Focus On: Why Do We Care Who Wins?......Page 458 Focus On: Branch Rickey, Jackie Robinson, and the Integration of Baseball......Page 463 Communication......Page 465 Conciliation......Page 469 Postscript: The Conflict Between Individual and Communal Rights......Page 471 CHAPTER 14 Social Psychology in the Clinic......Page 473 What Influences the Accuracy of Clinical Judgments?......Page 474 Illusory Correlations......Page 475 Hindsight and Overconfidence......Page 476 Clinical Intuition Versus Statistical Prediction......Page 477 Focus On: A Physician's View: The Social Psychology of Medicine......Page 479 Depression......Page 480 The Inside Story: Shelley Taylor on Positive Illusions......Page 482 Loneliness......Page 484 Anxiety and Shyness......Page 486 Health, Illness, and Death......Page 487 Inducing Internal Change Through External Behavior......Page 492 Breaking Vicious Circles......Page 493 Maintaining Change Through Internal Attributions for Success......Page 494 Using Therapy as Social Influence......Page 495 Close Relationships and Health......Page 496 Close Relationships and Happiness......Page 499 Postscript: Enhancing Happiness......Page 502 CHAPTER 15 Social Psychology in Court......Page 504 The Power of Persuasive Eyewitnesses......Page 505 When Eyes Deceive......Page 506 The Misinformation Effect......Page 508 Retelling......Page 510 Research Close-Up: Feedback to Witnesses......Page 511 Reducing Error......Page 512 The Defendant's Characteristics......Page 516 The Judge's Instructions......Page 518 Additional Factors......Page 520 Juror Comprehension......Page 521 Jury Selection......Page 522 "Death-Qualified" Jurors......Page 523 How Do Group Influences Affect Juries?......Page 524 Group Polarization......Page 525 Research Close-Up: Group Polarization in a Natural Court Setting......Page 526 Are Six Heads as Good as Twelve?......Page 527 From Lab to Life: Simulated and Real Juries......Page 528 Postscript: Thinking Smart with Psychological Science......Page 530 CHAPTER 16 Social Psychology and the Sustainable Future......Page 531 Psychological Effects of Climate Change......Page 535 Public Opinion About Climate Change......Page 536 Enabling Sustainable Living......Page 538 Reducing Consumption......Page 539 The Inside Story: Janet Swim on Psychology's Response to Climate Change......Page 540 Increased Materialism......Page 542 Wealth and Well-Being......Page 543 Materialism Fails to Satisfy......Page 545 Toward Sustainability and Survival......Page 549 Research Close-Up: Measuring National Well-Being......Page 551 Postscript: How Does One Live Responsibly in the Modern World?......Page 553 Epilogue......Page 554 References......Page 556 Name Index......Page 656 Subject Index/Glossary......Page 672