Microwave Electronic Circuit Technology

Description

Provides a grounding in the physics behind the operational principles of high frequency technologies. The text presents up-to-date methods, as well as the research and developments of more efficient devices for use in applications, from mobile and satellite communications and wireless Local Area Networks to energy transformation and sensors. Examples and theories support the material. Front cover Title page Copyright Contents Preface 1. Basic Knowledge of Guided Waves 1 TYPICAL WAVEGUIDES AND MODES 2 WAVE PROPAGATION ON A DISTRIBUTEDTRANSMISSION LINE 2.1 Incident Wave and Reflecting Wave 2.2 Reflection Coefficient and Impedance 2.3 Standing Wave Ratio, Maximum Impedanceand Minimum Impedance 2.4 Smith Chart 2.5 F Matrix of a Distributed Line 3 CLASSIFICATION OF WAVESAND PERFORMANCES 3.1 Existence of TM, TE, and TEM Modes from the Viewpoint of the Helmholtz Equation in a Vector Field 3.2 TEM Wave and the Characteristics Uniform Plane Wave Is a TEM Wave Nonuniform Plane Wave Existing in Multiple Parallel Lines in a Homogeneous Medium Why a TEM Does Not Exist in a Hollow Waveguide 3.3 Characteristics of TE and TM Modes Cutoff Frequency and Cutoff Wavelength Wave Impedance of TM and TE Mode Poynting Vector, Energy Flow, and Group Velocity Evanescent Mode and the Related Reactive Energy ofthe TM and TE Modes 4 EQUIVALENT DISTRIBUTED LINES OF AHOLLOW WAVEGUIDE 4.1 Definitions of Voltage and Current of aHollow Waveguide 4.2 The Lr C Equivalent Circuit of the TEM Line,and the TE and TM Waveguides 5 LOSS OF TRANSMISSION LINES 5.1 Loss Mechanism and the Relation of Transmission Loss and Q Values 5.2 Conductive Loss Skin Depth Attenuation of Some Practical Waveguides 5.3 Dielectric Loss 5.4 Radiation Loss APPENDIX: THE EIGENVALUES OF THEHELMHOLTZ EQUATION IN A WAVEGUIDE 2. Basic Knowledge of Microwave Network Theory 1 CIRCUIT MATRIX AND THE CHARACTERISTICS 1.1 Impedance Matrix and Admittance Matrix 1.2 Scattering Matrix 1.3 Relationships Between Circuit Parameters of Typical Matrix of a Two-Port Network Typical Matrix of a Two-Port Network Connection of a Two-Port Network Admittance in Parallel and Impedance in SeriesConnected to a Two-Port Network 2 EIGENVECTORS AND EIGENVALUES OF A NETWORK MATRIX 2.1 Eigenvectors and Eigenvalues of Zt Yt S Matrixand the Physical Meaning Example 1. Eigenvectors of a SymmetricalTwo-Port Network Example 2. Eigenvectors of a Three-Port Network withRotational Symmetry 2.2 Eigenvalues of Z and Y Matrices Expressed byEnergies in a Network Example 2.3 Relation Between the Frequency Variation ofEigenvalues of the Z and Y Matrices and theReactive Energies in a Lossless Circuit 3 RECIPROCAL CIRCUIT AND NONRECIPROCAL CIRCUIT 4 LUMPED ELEMENT CIRCUIT AND DISTRIBUTEDCIRCUIT 4.1 Lumped Element 4.2 Approximate Equivalent Lumped ElementNetwork of a One-Port (Two-Terminal)Distributed Circuit at Used Frequency APPENDIX: NOTES TO CHAPTER 2 Notes 1-2 Notes 3-6 Notes 7-8 Note 9 Note 10 3. Basic Network Characteristics of a Transmission Line 1 SINGLE TRANSMISSION LINE 1.1 Realizing Pure Reactance 1.2 Realizing the Impedance Transformer by Usingthe λ α ⁄4 Line Consideration of Center Frequency Equivalent Network of the λg ⁄4 Line Considering the Neighboring Frequency from the Center Frequency Frequency Performance of a Single λg ⁄4 Transformer 1.3 Realization of Resonant Circuit Parallel Resonant Circuit by the λg ⁄4 Line with a Shortened End Series Resonant Circuit by the λi7 ⁄2 Line with a Shortened End 2 COUPLED TRANSMISSION LINES 2.1 Telegrapher Equation of a Coupled MultipleTransmission Line and the Characteristics Single Transmission Line Coupled Multiple Line 2.2 Basic Characteristics of Coupled Lines Symmetric Coupled Lossless Two Lines in a Homogeneous or Inhomogeneous Medium Multicoupled Lossless Line in a Lossless Homogeneous Medium Symmetrical Coupled Three Lines 2.3 Equivalent Networks of Distributed Coupled Lines with Finite Length APPENDIX Notes 1-4 REFERENCES 4. Principle of Electromagnetic Resonators 1 THE BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A RESONATOR 1.1 Lossless Resonator 1.2 Lossy Resonator 1.3 Q Values of a Cavity with Several Ports Terminated by an Absorber 2 CONSTRUCTION OF SEVERAL KINDS OF RESONATORS AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS 2.1 Coaxial Resonators 2.2 Waveguide Resonator 2.3 Microstrip Resonator Practical Example 1 Practical Example 2 2.4 Dielectric Resonator Low-Loss High-Dielectric Ceramics Typical Resonators with High-Dielectric Ceramics Coaxial Resonator with High-Dielectric Ceramics Dielectric Resonators 2.5 Helical Resonator 2.6 E-Plane Resonator 2.7 Planar Resonators APPENDIX Note 1 Notes 2-3 REFERENCES 5. Principle of Filters 1 THE KINDS AND THE APPLICATION OFTHE FILTER 2 PRINCIPLE OF CONSTRUCTION OF FILTER 2.1 Lumped Element Filter (1) LPF HPF BPF BEF 2.2 Construction with Distributed Constant Lines LPF and HPF HPF BPF and BEF Coupling Between the Resonator and the Source or the Load Coupling Between Two Resonators Practical Examples of Construction APPENDIX Notes 1-2 REFERENCES 6. Principle of Practical Circuits 1 REACTANCE ELEMENTS 1.1 Construction of Inductors Lumped Element Inductors Distributed Constant Lines with the Short End and the Length l«λg⁄4 Distributed Constant Lines with the High CharacteristicImpedance and the Length l«λg⁄4 Evanescent H Wave 1.2 Construction of Capacitor Multilayer Condenser Distributed Constant Line with Open End and Length I«λg⁄4, or Coupling Capacitor Between Two Conductors Evanescent E Wave 2 POWER DIVIDER AND COMBINER 2.1 Principle of Wilkinson Power Divider 2.2 Lumped Element Power Divider with Ferrite Two-Way Power Divider Three-Way Power Divider 3 DIRECTIONAL COUPLER AND BRIDGE 3.1 Principal of Directional Coupler Definition of Directional Coupler Principle of Operation 3.2 Practical Examples Loop-Coupled Directional Coupler Distributed-Coupling Directional Coupler Bethe Hole Coupler Cross-Type Directional Coupler Multihole-Coupled-Type Directional Coupler Multi-branch-line Directional Coupler, Ring-type Directional Coupler, and the Equivalent Lump Element Direction Coupler Tightly-Coupled-Coil-Type Directional Coupler Ferrite-Loaded Wideband Lumped ElementDirectional Coupler 3.4 Hybrid Coupler or Bridge Circuit Magic T Slotted Coaxial Bridge 4 CIRCULAR POLARIZER 5 CIRCULATOR AND ISOLATOR 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Principle of Nonreciprocal Circuits and Related Basic Matters 5.3 Junction Circulator Lumped Element Y Circulator Strip-Line Circulator 6 MAGNETOSTATIC MODE RESONATORAND FILTER 6.1 Mode Consideration 6.2 Q Values APPENDIX Notes 1-3 Note 4 REFERENCES 7. Practical Applications on Systems 1 SATELLITE BROADCASTING SYSTEMS 2 MOVABLE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM 3 IMAGE REJECTION RECEIVING SYSTEM 4 AMPLIFIER 5 OSCILLATOR 6 CERAMIC INTEGRAL CIRCUIT TECHNOLOGY 6.1 Low-Temperature Firing Method 6.2 High-Temperature Sintering Method REFERENCES Appendix 1: Introduction to Group Velocity Appendix 2: Cavity and Waveguide Perturbation Cavity Perturbation Perturbation of Cavity Wall Perturbation of Material Waveguide Perturbation Appendix 3: Relationships Among External Q, Qe, Coupling Coefficient, k, and g Values in BPF Appendix 4: Determination of Capacitances of the Uniform Coupled Lines in the Anisotropic Inhomogeneous Medium by Resistive Sheet The Case of Isotropic Medium The Case of Anisotropic Medium Practical Example Appendix 5: Design of Power Divider with Two Different Output Powers Appendix 6: Principle of Directional Coupler with Two Symmetrical Planes General Theory Analysis of Distributed CouplingDirectional Coupler Analysis of Two-Branch-Lines Directional Couple Analysis of Tightly-Coupled-Coils-TypeDirectional Coupler Appendix 7: Faraday Rotation in an Infinite Medium index Back cover about the book about the author