The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Constitutional Law

Description

The field of comparative constitutional law has grown immensely in recent decades. Once a minor and obscure adjunct to the field of domestic constitutional law, comparative constitutional law has now moved front and centre. Driven by the global spread of democratic government and the expansion of international human rights law, the prominence and visibility of the field, among judges, politicians, and scholars has grown exponentially. Even in the United States, where domestic constitutional exclusivism has traditionally held a firm grip, use of comparative constitutional materials has become the subject of a lively and much publicized controversy among various justices of the U.S. Supreme Court. The trend towards harmonization and international borrowing has been controversial. Whereas it seems fair to assume that there ought to be great convergence among industrialized democracies over the uses and functions of commercial contracts, that seems far from the case in constitutional law. Can a parliamentary democracy be compared to a presidential one? A federal republic to a unitary one? Moreover, what about differences in ideology or national identity? Can constitutional rights deployed in a libertarian context be profitably compared to those at work in a social welfare context? Is it perilous to compare minority rights in a multi-ethnic state to those in its ethnically homogeneous counterparts? These controversies form the background to the field of comparative constitutional law, challenging not only legal scholars, but also those in other fields, such as philosophy and political theory. Providing the first single-volume, comprehensive reference resource, the Oxford Handbook of Comparative Constitutional Law will be an essential road map to the field for all those working within it, or encountering it for the first time. Leading experts in the field examine the history and methodology of the discipline, the central concepts of constitutional law, constitutional processes, and institutions - from legislative reform to judicial interpretation, rights, and emerging trends. Contents Notes on the Contributors xiii List of Abbreviations xvii Introduction 1 Michel Rosenfeld and András Sajó PART I HISTORY, METHODOLOGY, AND TYPOLOGY 1. Comparative Constitutional Law: A Contested Domain: A. Comparative Constitutional Law: A Continental Perspective 25 Armin von Bogdandy B. Comparative Constitutional Analysis in United States Adjudication and Scholarship 38 Michel Rosenfeld 2. Comparative Constitutional Law: Methodologies 54 Vicki C. Jackson 3. Carving Out Typologies and Accounting for Diff erences Across Systems: Towards a Methodology of Transnational Constitutionalism 75 Peer Zumbansen 4. Types of Constitutions 98 Dieter Grimm 5. Constitutionalism in Illiberal Polities 133 Li-Ann Thio 6. Constitutionalism and Impoverishment: A Complex Dynamic 153 Arun Thiruvengadam and Gedion T. Hessebon 7. Th e Place of Constitutional Law in the Legal System 169 viii contents PART II IDEAS 8. Constitutions and Constitutionalism 189 Stephen Holmes 9. Constitution 217 Mark Tushnet 10. Rule of Law 233 Martin Krygier 11. Democracy 250 Günter Frankenberg 12. Conceptions of the State 269 Olivier Beaud 13. Rights and Liberties as Concepts 283 Robert Alexy 14. Constitutions and the Public/Private Divide 298 Frank I. Michelman 15. State Neutrality 318 János Kis 16. Th e Constitution and Justice 336 Roberto Gargarella 17. Sovereignty 350 Michel Troper 18. Human Dignity and Autonomy in Modern Constitutional Orders 370 Matthias Mahlmann 19. Gender in Constitutions 397 Catharine A. Mackinnon PART III PROCESS 20. Constitution-Making: Process and Substance 419 Claude Klein and András Sajó 21. States of Emergency 442 David Dyzenhaus contents ix 22. War Powers 463 Yasuo Hasebe 23. Secession and Self-Determination 481 Susanna Mancini 24. Referendum 501 Laurence Morel 25. Elections 529 Richard H. Pildes PART IV ARCHITECTURE 26. Horizontal Structuring 547 Jenny S. Martinez 27. Federalism: Th eory, Policy, Law 576 Daniel Halberstam 28. Internal Ordering in the Unitary State 609 Sergio Bartole 29. Presidentialism 628 Héctor Fix-Fierro and Pedro Salazar-Ugarte 30. Parliamentarism 650 Anthony W. Bradley and Cesare Pinelli 31. Th e Regulatory State 671 Susan Rose-Ackerman PART V MEANINGS/TEXTURES 32. Constitutional Interpretation 689 Jeffrey Goldsworthy 33. Proportionality (1) 718 Bernhard Schlink 34. Proportionality (2) 738 Aharon Barak 35. Constitutional Identity 756 Michel Rosenfeld x contents 36. Constitutional Values and Principles 777 Gary Jeffrey Jacobsohn PART VI INSTITUTIONS 37. Ensuring Constitutional Effi cacy 795 Juliane Kokott and Martin Kaspar 38. Constitutional Courts 816 Alec Stone Sweet 39. Judicial Independence as a Constitutional Virtue 831 Roderick A. Macdonald and Hoi Kong 40. Th e Judiciary: Th e Least Dangerous Branch? 859 Daniel Smilov 41. Political Parties and the Constitution 874 Cindy Skach PART VII RIGHTS 42. Freedom of Expression 891 Eric Barendt 43. Freedom of Religion 909 András Sajó and Renáta Uitz 44. Due Process 929 Richard Vogler 45. Associative Rights (Th e Rights to the Freedoms of Petition, Assembly, and Association) 948 Ulrich K. Preuβ 46. Privacy 966 Manuel José Cepeda Espinosa 47. Equality 982 Susanne Baer 48. Citizenship 1002 Ayelet Shachar contents xi 49. Socio-Economic Rights 1020 D.M. Davis 50. Economic Rights 1036 K.D. Ewing PART VIII OVERLAPPING RIGHTS 51. Th e Constitutionalization of Abortion 1057 Reva B. Siegel 52. Immodest Claims and Modest Contributions: Sexual Orientation in Comparative Constitutional Law 1079 Kenji Yoshino and Michael Kavey 53. Group Rights in Comparative Constitutional Law: Culture, Economics, or Political Power? 1099 Sujit Choudhry 54. Affi rmative Action 1124 Daniel Sabbagh 55. Bioethics and Basic Rights: Persons, Humans, and Boundaries of Life 1142 Judit Sándor PART IX TRENDS 56. Internationalization of Constitutional Law 1165 Wen-Chen Chang and Jiunn-Rong Yeh 57. Th e European Union’s Unresolved Constitution 1185 Neil Walker 58. Th e Constitutionalization of Public International Law 1209 Erika de Wet 59. Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights and the Constitutional Systems of Europe 1231 Dean Spielmann 60. Militant Democracy 1253 Jan-Werner Müller 61. Constitutionalism and Transitional Justice 1270 Juan E. Méndez xii contents 62. Islam and the Constitutional Order 1287 Chibli Mallat 63. Constitutional Transplants, Borrowing, and Migrations 1304 Vlad Perju 64. Th e Use of Foreign Law in Constitutional Interpretation 1328 Gábor Halmai Index 1349