Forensic Anthropology: Current Methods and Practice

Description

Forensic anthropology has seen a recent expansion in depth and scope as well as increased attention from the media and the legal system. This constantly evolving science requires a comprehensive introductory text that approaches forensic anthropology as a modern discipline, with attention to theory as well as recent advances in research, technology, and challenges in the field. Forensic Anthropology: Current Methods and Practice, 2nd edition approaches forensic anthropology using current practices and case studies drawn from the varied experiences, backgrounds, and practices of working forensic anthropologists. This text guides the reader through all aspects of human remains recovery and forensic anthropological analysis. It presents principles at a level that is appropriate for those new to the field, while at the same time incorporating evolutionary, biomechanical, and other theoretical foundations for the features and phenomena encountered in forensic anthropological casework. Attention is focused on the most recent and scientifically valid applications commonly employed by working forensic anthropologists. Readers will learn about innovative techniques in the discipline, and aspiring practitioners will be prepared by understanding the necessary background needed to work in the field today. Instructors and students will find Forensic Anthropology: Current Methods and Practice, 2nd edition comprehensive, practical, and relevant to the modern discipline of forensic anthropology. Front-Matter_2019_Forensic-Anthropology Front Matter Copyright_2019_Forensic-Anthropology Copyright Author-biographies_2019_Forensic-Anthropology Author biographies Angi M. Christensen, PhD, D-ABFA Nicholas V. Passalacqua, PhD, D-ABFA Eric J. Bartelink, PhD, D-ABFA Foreword_2019_Forensic-Anthropology Foreword Preface-to-the-first-edition_2019_Forensic-Anthropology Preface to the first edition Preface-to-the-second-edition_2019_Forensic-Anthropology Preface to the second edition Chapter-1---Introduction-to-forensic-anthropology_2019_Forensic-Anthropology Introduction to forensic anthropology Forensic anthropology defined History of forensic anthropology Forensic anthropology today Skeletal collections Forensic anthropology in legal and political contexts Ethics in forensic anthropology Careers in forensic anthropology Skeletal remains as evidence Case study: Report writing Case study: Forensic anthropology testimony Layout of this book Summary Test yourself Definitions References Chapter-2---Human-osteology-and-odontology_2019_Forensic-Anthropology Human osteology and odontology Principles of human osteology and odontology Bone biology Bone growth and development Skeletal anatomy Dental anatomy Case study: Skeletal inventory Case study: Dental anomaly Summary Test yourself Definitions References Chapter-3---Skeletal-examination-and-documentation-m_2019_Forensic-Anthropol Skeletal examination and documentation methods Overview of examination methods Macroscopic analysis Metric analysis Fordisc Statistics, error, and uncertainty in forensic anthropology Radiology Histology Elemental analysis Case study: Method selection and metrics Case study: Radiology Summary Test yourself Definitions References Chapter-4---Medicolegal-significance_2019_Forensic-Anthropology Medicolegal significance The medicolegal context Skeletal versus nonskeletal material Human versus nonhuman skeletal material Recent versus nonrecent human skeletal remains Case study: Skeletal versus nonskeletal Case study: Human versus nonhuman Case study: Recent versus nonrecent Summary Test yourself Definitions References Chapter-5---Forensic-taphonomy_2019_Forensic-Anthropology Forensic taphonomy Principles of forensic taphonomy Decomposition and postmortem soft tissue changes Postmortem skeletal changes Scavenging Body movement and disarticulation Estimating the postmortem interval (PMI) Humans as taphonomic agents Case study: Postmortem tooth fractures Case study: PMI estimation Summary Test yourself Definitions References Chapter-6---Forensic-archaeology-and-scene-processing_2019_Forensic-Anthropo Forensic archaeology and scene processing methods Principles of forensic archaeology Recovery scenes Archaeological method and theory Detection methods Recovery methods Scene documentation Evidence collection and packaging Case study: Burial recovery Case study: Fire scene Summary Test yourself Definitions References Chapter-7---Processing--resolving-commingling--and-pre_2019_Forensic-Anthrop Processing, resolving commingling, and preserving remains Principles of skeletal processing and preparation Skeletal processing methods Skeletal reconstruction Resolving commingling Skeletal sampling Skeletal preservation Case study: Processing Case study: Commingling Summary Test yourself Definitions References Chapter-8---Sex-estimation_2019_Forensic-Anthropology Sex estimation Principles of sex estimation Morphoscopic sex estimation methods Metric sex estimation methods Sex estimation in subadults Other considerations in sex estimation Case study: Sex estimation using scored pelvic and cranial traits Case study: Sex estimation using metric analysis Case study: (Incorrect) sex estimation using metric analysis Summary Test yourself Definitions References Chapter-9---Ancestry-estimation_2019_Forensic-Anthropology Ancestry estimation Principles of ancestry estimation Morphoscopic (nonmetric) ancestry estimation Craniometric ancestry estimation Ancestry estimation using dental metrics Ancestry estimation using (hu)MANid Postcranial methods of ancestry estimation Other considerations in ancestry estimation Case study: Ancestry estimation using OSSA Case study: Ancestry estimation using Fordisc Case study: Ancestry estimation using Fordisc Summary Test yourself Definitions References Chapter-10---Age-estimation_2019_Forensic-Anthropology Age estimation Principles of age estimation Subadult age estimation: Dental methods Subadult age estimation: Osteological methods Adult age estimation: Pubic symphysis methods Adult age estimation: Auricular surface methods Adult age estimation: Sternal rib end methods Adult age estimation: Histological methods General indicators of advanced age Other considerations in age estimation Case study: Subadult age estimation Case study: Adult age estimation Case study: Age estimation using radiology Summary Test yourself Definitions References Chapter-11---Stature-estimation-and-other-skeletal-m_2019_Forensic-Anthropol Stature estimation and other skeletal metrics Principles of stature estimation Full skeleton methods of stature estimation Regression methods of stature estimation Body mass estimation Analysis of cremains weight Other considerations in stature estimation Case study: Stature estimation using the full skeleton method Case study: Manual calculation of stature estimate using regression Case study: Stature estimation using Fordisc Summary Test yourself Definitions References Chapter-12---Individual-skeletal-variation_2019_Forensic-Anthropology Individual skeletal variation Principles of skeletal variation Normal skeletal variation Skeletal anomalies Pathological conditions Repetitive mechanical stress Case study-Proliferative lesions Case study-Dental anomalies Case study: Button osteoma Summary Test yourself Definitions References Chapter-13---Analysis-of-skeletal-trauma_2019_Forensic-Anthropology Analysis of skeletal trauma Principles of skeletal trauma analysis Forces, bone biomechanics, and fractures Trauma timing Trauma mechanism Blunt trauma High-velocity projectile trauma Sharp trauma Thermal alterations Blast trauma Other considerations in skeletal trauma analysis Case study: Antemortem and perimortem pediatric trauma Case study: High-velocity projectile trauma Case study: Fall from a height Summary Test yourself Definitions References Chapter-14---Personal-identification_2019_Forensic-Anthropology Personal identification Principles of personal identification Narrowing the pool of potential matches Identification comparisons Other identification approaches Quantification in identification DNA approaches Facial approximation Case study: Radiographic comparison of foot Case study: Exclusion based on cranial radiographs Case study: The state of Tennessee v. David William Cosgrif, III Summary Test yourself Definitions References Chapter-15---Forensic-anthropology-in-humanitarian-and-h_2019_Forensic-Anthr Forensic anthropology in humanitarian and human rights investigations Humanitarian and human rights applications of forensic anthropology Forensic anthropology in armed conflict-related investigations Forensic anthropology in mass disaster response and disaster victim identification Forensic anthropology and human migration routes Forensic anthropology and human rights investigations Case study: Unidentified border crossers Case study: Mass graves from the Spanish Civil War Case study: World War II US service member recovery Summary Test yourself Definitions References Index_2019_Forensic-Anthropology Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z