Canada's Balance of International Indebtedness, 1900-1913: An Inductive Study of the Theory of International Trade

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Cover Copyright Contents Introduction to the Carleton Library Edition Preface Chapter I: Method and Scope of the Present Study The a priori Character of the Classical Theory of International trade The Place of Induction in the Theory of International Trade The Scope of the Present Study Canada, 1900 to 1913, the Field of the Present Study Part I: The Canadian Balance Of International Indebtedness Introductory Chapter II: The Commodity Balance of Trade The Canadian commerce statistics Methods of compilation Methods of computing values Accuracy of the statistics Omissions and inclusions Fiscal Years vs. Calendar Years Imports and Exports of Gold Coin The Commodity Balance of Trade Comparison with Earlier Period Chapter III: Non-Commercial Items in the International Balance of Indebtedness Introductory Immigrants’ capital Capital per capita of immigrants from the United States Capital per capita of immigrants from other countries Capital Taken out of Canada by Emigrants Emigration from Canada to the United States of natives of the United States Emigration of persons of British nativity Emigration of Canadians to the United States Emigration from Canada of natives of countries other than the United States and Great Britain Total emigration from Canada Capital taken out by emigrants Non-Commercial Remittances From and To Canada The balance of Non-Commercial Transactions Chapter IV: Freight, Insurance, and Tourist Expenditures Introductory Freight charges Methods of Estimating Freight Charges Freight Charges on Imports from Great Britain Freight Charges on Imports from other Countries Freight Chargers On exports Insurance Payments Sent Abroad from Canada Insurance Payments by Other Countries to Canada Expenditures by Tourists in Canada Expenditures by Canadian tourists Sundry items Chapter V: Capital Investments, Interest Payments,and the Canadian Balance of International Indebtedness Canadian Investments Abroad, and Interest Receipts Therefrom Preliminary Balance of International Indebtedness Interest Rates on Foreign Capital Invested in Canada Investments of Foreign Capital in Canada, and Interest Payments by Canada The Balance of Service Transactions The Canadian Balance of International Indebtedness Comparison of Present Calculation with Coats’s Calculation Chapter VI: Investments of Foreign Capital in Canada—A Verification of the Estimates Made in Chapter V Nature of the problem British Investments in Canada British Public Investments in Canada British Private Investments in Canada British Miscellaneous Investments in Canada British Insurance Company Investments in Canada American Investments in Canada American Investments in Canadian Securities American Industrial, Mining, Land, and Timber Investments in Canada Investments of American Insurance Companies in Canada Investments in Canada by Continental Europe Continental Holdings of Canadian Securities Miscellaneous Investments in Canada by Continental Europe Part II: The Mechanism of Adjustment of the Canadian Balance of International Indebtedness Introductory Chapter VII:Exchange Rates and Gold Movements Exchange Rates Canadian Dealings in Foreign Exchange Gold Movements Chapter VIII: The Canadian Banks and the Adjustment of International Balances The "Cash Reserves" of the Canadian Banks and Gold Movements The "Outside Reserves" of the Canadian Banks and Gold Movements The Method of Operation of the Outside Reserves Chapter IX: Changes in Relative Price Levels and the Adjustment of Trade Balances A. Controversial Points in the Deductive Theory The Theories of the Earlier Writers Modern Criticisms of Mill’s Theory Sectional Price Levels Chapter X: Changes in Relative Price Levels and the Adjustment of Trade Balances B. Inductive Verification Introductory Price levels in Different Countries Prices in Canada Compared with Prices in Great Britain Prices in Canada Compared with Prices in the United States Sectional Price Levels Domestic, Import, and Export Commodity Prices Export Prices Import Prices Domestic Commodity Prices Prices of Services Coats’s Explanation of the Relative Rise in Canadian Prices Summary Chapter XI: The Commodity Balance of Trade and the Adjustment of the Balance of Indebtedness The Commodity Balance of T rade Restrictive Effect of Capital Borrowings on Exports Commodity Imports and the Balance of International Indebtedness Capital Borrowings and Imports of Capital Goods Chapter XII: Triangular Adjustment of the Balance of Indebtedness Triangular Adjustment of the Balance of Indebtedness Triangular Adjustment Through Imports Triangular Adjustment Through Exports Chapter XIII: Some Economic Consequences of the Capital Borrowings Influence of the Capital Borrowings on the Terms of International Exchange Capital Borrowings and the Distribution of Income in Canada Capital Borrowings and Prosperity Bibliography Index