An Epidemiological Update on COVID -19

Description

An Epidemiological Update on COVID-19 brings recent findings about the pandemic to the forefront. The reference is a compilation of eleven chapters contributed by expert scholars in epidemiology and medicine that cover topics of interest to anyone interested in COVID-19 monitoring and response measures. The topics also indicate some clinical areas of interest to COVID-19 researchers that have received attention due to the pandemic. It covers basic knowledge about respiratory conditions associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 epidemiology. These topics are complemented with chapters detailing the symptoms and biochemical mechanisms of novel coronavirus infections intended for readers with an advanced level of understanding of life sciences and medicine. Special topics such as the immune response to Sars-CoV-2, and, recombinant drugs for COVID-19, are also covered in this book. Each chapter is organized in a reader-friendly format and includes a list of references. Cover Title Copyright End User License Agreement Contents Foreword Preface Dedication List of Contributors Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) V. Shyamala1,*, R. Harini2, D. Manikandan3 and S.U. Mohammed Riyaz4 INTRODUCTION PATHOPHYSIOLOGY CAUSES OF ARDS EPIDEMIOLOGY RISK FACTORS SYMPTOMS OF ARDS DIAGNOSIS OF ARDS TREATMENT OF ARDS CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES COVID – 19 Pandemic Shabeer Ahmed N.1,* and Ashar Waheed. M. P.1 INTRODUCTION TO CORONAVIRUS THE EMERGENCE OF THE CORONAVIRUS STRUCTURE OF THE CORONAVIRUS RESPIRATORY VIRUS INFECTION IN HUMANS AND ITS DETECTION GENOMIC VARIATIONS IN SARS-COV-2 CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Best and Worst Epidemiological Scenarios Of COVID-19 Mohamed Tariq N.P.M.1, D. Manikandan2 and S.U. Mohammed Riyaz1,* INTRODUCTION THE SPREAD OF THE VIRUS Overview WORST Best Memories Worst Memories CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Neuropathological Features of Covid-19 G. Kalaiarasi1,4,*, E. Saravanakumar2, B. Keerthana3 and B. Prabha1 INTRODUCTION Animal Models of Neurotropic Coronavirus Infections Mechanism of CNS Invasion POTENTIAL ROUTES AND MECHANISMS OF CNS INVOLVEMENT IN COVID-19 Principle Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 CNS Infection Neuropathology of SARS-CoV-2 Hypoxic Brain Injury Immune-mediated Injury Neurological Manifestations and Complications of COVID-19 CNS Manifestation Associated with COVID-19 PNS Manifestations Associated with COVID-19 CONCLUSION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Intermediate Host of CoV and SARS-CoV-2 R. Nishanthi1, S. Malathi2, E.G. Jagan2,3, D. Manikandan4 and S.U.Mohammed Riyaz5,* ROLE OF INTERMEDIATE HOST- PLACE OF RE-ASSORTMENT CORONAVIRUS NATURAL RESERVOIRS OF VIRUS - BATS MAJOR VIRUS OUTBREAK-BAT AS PREDOMINANT INTERMEDIATE HOST CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Lung Recruitability in COVID-19 K. Priadharsini1, D. Manikandan2, Sajeer Koolath4, G. Rajasekhar Reddy5 and S.U. Mohammed Riyaz3,* INTRODUCTION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES A Randomized Trial of Hydroxychloroquine as Post-exposure Prophylaxis for COVID-19 Kailasam Saravana Mani1,2,* INTRODUCTION Endocytic Pathway for SARS-CoV2 Entry Coronavirus Structural Proteins Hydroxychloroquine as SARS-CoV2 Inhibitors Clinical Trials with Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for COVID-19 CONCLUSION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Immunogenicity of SARS CoV-2 Vaccine B. Prabha1,*, G. Kalaiarasi1,3 and B. Keerthana2 INTRODUCTION Root of COVID-19 Immunogenicity Corona Viral Genome Structure SARS-CoV-2 Virus Conventional Coronavirus Vaccines Inactivated Vaccine Live-attenuated Vaccine Viral Vector Vaccine Subunit Vaccine Nucleic Acid Vaccine The Obstructions in the Development of SARS-2 Vaccine The Current Pipeline for SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines CONCLUSION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES SARS-CoV-2 Recombinant of Drug Pandurangan Ranjani1, Atulbabu Govindaraju2, D. Manikandan3 and S.U.Mohammed Riyaz4,* INTRODUCTION Vaccine Development Stages Pre-clinical Stage Clinical Trial Phase I Vaccine Design Vaccine Platforms Vaccine Candidates for COVID-19 Vaccine Development in India CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Human To Human Transmission of SARS – CoV-2 K. Priadharsini1, D. Manikandan2, P. Rajesh Babu3 and S.U. Mohammed Riyaz4,* SPREAD OF CORONAVIRUSES Asymptomatic and Human To Human Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Strengths and Limitations CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Immune Response for SARS CoV-2 Sri Ranjani Sakthinathan1, D. Manikandan3, Sajeer Koolath4, G. Rajasekhar Reddy5 and Karthic Kumar Balan2,* INTRODUCTION MECHANISM OF IMMUNE SYSTEM IN THE BODY IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE HUMAN BODY Effect on Coagulation Pulmonary Effects Cardiac Effects Renal Effects Effect on Brain Effect on Git Psychological Effects PATHOGENESIS OF COVID-19 Asymptomatic Phase Infection of the Upper Respiratory Tract Progression of the Infection to Lower Respiratory Tract Viral Transmission Clinical Features CLINICAL SPECTRUM Immune Response Against Covid-19 CONCLUSION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Subject Index