Norm Diffusion Beyond the West: Agents and Sources of Leverage

Description

This book explores norm diffusion in non-Western contexts. It analyzes how norms transfer and what mechanisms or sources of leverage facilitate their diffusion. The individual chapters follow an interdisciplinary framework that analyzes social norms beyond the theoretical tradition of international relations, and focus on particular cases of diffusion―both successful and unsuccessful―across the non-Western world. In this way, the book challenges existing perspectives and advances critical norm research that diversifies the agency of norm entrepreneurs beyond processes of norm localization. It makes a twofold contribution―by deepening our theoretical understanding of norms and their dynamics and by broadening the geographical scope of norms research. Acknowledgements Contents Contributors Introduction: Agency and Norm Diffusion Beyond the West 1 Diffusion and Agency: State of Art 2 Book Organization 3 Theoretical and Methodological Framework References Norm Diffusion by Rising Global Powers Who Is Socialising Whom? How Southern Powers Negotiate Accountability in International Development Cooperation 1 Introduction 2 ‘Donor Accountability’ as a Sticky Soft Norm in International Development 3 The Rise of the South and the Normative ‘Fusion and Confusion’ in the Field of International Development 4 Disputes Over What Accountability Means and How Should It Be Practiced by Southern Providers: Normative Resistance and Innovation Regarding Measurement 5 Conclusion References Active Learning Beyond Borders? Interrogating the Diffusion of Development Cooperation Norms from Japan to China and Beyond 1 Introduction 2 Japan as a Norm Entrepreneur in Development Cooperation 2.1 Japan and the Norms of Commercial Development 2.2 The Origins of the CD Norms 3 The CD Norms Beyond Japan: The Case of China 4 Rethinking International Norm Diffusion: From Teaching to Learning? 4.1 Limits of the Western Norm Diffusion Models 4.2 Alternative Pathways of Norm Diffusion: Policy Transfer through Active Learning 4.3 Learning and Change: China’s Localization of the CD Norms 5 Concluding Thoughts References China’s Promotion of Cyber Sovereignty Beyond the West 1 Introduction 2 China’s Outline of Cyber Sovereignty 3 Diffusion of Cyber Sovereignty 4 Facilitating Factors of the Norm’s Promotion 5 Conclusion References Norm Diffusion by Middle Powers and Small States From Norm-Maker to Norm-Taker? South Africa, the BRICS and the African National Congress’ Hegemonic Decline 1 Introduction 1.1 From Mandela to African Renaissance 1.2 Populism, Fragmentation and Protest: South Africa Under Zuma 1.3 A ‘New Dawn’ and a Middle Path? 2 Conclusion References Recognising Indonesia’s Actorness: Challenging and Contributing to Norm Diffusion 1 Introduction 2 Conceptual and Methodological Approach 3 An Overview of Indonesia’s Norm Enactment and Promotion 4 Promoting Democracy and Human Rights 4.1 Political Opportunity and Norm Adaptation 4.2 Democracy and Human Rights in Political Discourse 4.3 Democracy and Human Rights in Political Practice 5 Conclusion References Diaspora/Kin Spaces as Sites for Non-Western Norm Diffusion—Turkey’s Ethnonational Norms in Circulation 1 Introduction 2 Diaspora/kin Spaces as Sites for Non-Western Norm Diffusion: Why/how? 3 Imagining Turkishness—The Making of Ethnonational Norms and Categories 4 Ethnonational Norms in circulation—The Kemalist Era (1923–1938) 5 Ethnonational Norms in Circulation—The Post-War Era 6 Ethnonational Norms in Circulation—The AKP Era 7 In Lieu of a Conclusion References Climate Change, Norm Dynamics and the Agency of SIDS 1 Introduction 1.1 SIDS Contexts and Climate Change Governance 1.2 Agency and Norm Diffusion 1.3 Content of Norms and SIDS’ Agency 2 Agency—Actor Nexus 3 Agency-Receiver Nexus 3.1 Agency—Structure, Agency-Action Nexus—Norms and SIDS’s Agency 3.2 SIDS’ Place in International Climate Governance References Norm Diffusion by and within Multilateral Institutions Redefined, Repackaged and Redeployed: Diffusion of Citizen Security by the Inter-American Development Bank 1 Introduction 2 Citizen Security: Emergence and Conceptualization 2.1 Democratic and Citizen Security as an Antidote to National Security Doctrine 2.2 Citizen Security as Protection from Crime and Violence 3 Mainstreaming of Citizen Security by the Inter-American Development Bank 3.1 Policies of Citizen Security Diffusion 3.2 Critical Reflection of the IDB's Diffusion Practices 4 Conclusion References ASEAN as a Norm Entrepreneur in International Cooperation on Nuclear Non-proliferation: Bases, Pathways, and Challenges 1 Introduction 2 ASEAN as a Norm Entrepreneur and Its Mechanisms for Norm Diffusion 3 Review of the Creation of SEANWFZ 4 ASEAN’s Norm Diffusion in Action 4.1 Practicing the ASEAN Way 4.2 Framing for Legitimacy-Building 4.3 Issue Linkage 4.4 Counter-Dominance and Soft Balancing Strategy 5 Conclusion References The EU Presidencies of Central Eastern European Members: A Framework for Mutual Socialisation and Normative Influence on the EU's Agenda? 1 Introduction 2 Influencing EU’s Agenda: The Specific Field of Foreign Policy 3 (Mutual) socialisation into the Council presidency’s rules and foreign policy approaches 3.1 The Slovenian Experience 3.2 The Czech Experience 4 The Impact of the CEECs on the EU: Evolvement of the European Policy Towards Post-Communist Countries (Western Balkans and Eastern Neighbourhood) 4.1 A Strong Support to the Western Balkans 4.2 The European Neighbourhood Policy as a Further Key Priority 4.3 The Role of Social Norms: Which Impact on EU’s Agenda? 5 Conclusion Bibliography Conclusion: Norms, Diffusion and Power Dynamics Beyond the West 1 Sources of Leverage/Power References