History As Harlotry in the Book of Ezekiel: Textual Expansion in Ezekiel 16

Description

Ezekiel 16 conveys a well-known portrayal of Israel's checkered history. Its borrowed metaphors, textual reuse, and developing content defy a transparent explanation of its origins. In this monograph, Tracy J. McKenzie explores the methods and motivations for textual expansions. After surveying how secondary literature has addressed the interpretive nature of additions, traditions, redactions, andFortschreibungen in prophetic texts, he provides a new translation and text-critical judgment of Ezekiel 16. He then analyzes how linguistic elements diachronically achieve a composite unity in the passage. This composite unity sets up the analysis that explores the ways in which the expansions have built on pre-existing texts, rewritten them, and developed their content. The author's conclusion focuses on how the interpretive moves in the expansions disclose possible motives and social settings in Yehud. Cover Title Acknowledgments Preface Table of Contents List of Abbreviations Chapter 1: The Book of Ezekiel and Research into Prophetic Texts A. Introduction B. Tracing the Interpretation of Prophetic Texts C. Ezekiel 16, 20, and 23 I. Ezekiel 16 and 23: An Introduction II. Ezekiel 23 III. Redaction, Additions, and Expansion in Ezekiel 23 IV. Ezekiel 23 Compared to Ezekiel 16 V. Summary Chapter 2: Text and Translation A. Text B. Translation Chapter 3: Structure and Unity in Ezekiel 16 A. Structure and Formulas I. Introductory Formulaic Elements, Ezekiel 16:1-2 II. "Thus the Lord, [Yahweh] Says" Formula, 16:3, 36, 59 1. The Messenger Formula in Ezekiel 16:3 2. The Messenger Formula in Ezekiel 16:36 3. The Messenger Formula in Ezekiel 16:59 III. "Utters the Lord, [Yahweh]" Formula B. Grammatico-Syntactical Observations and Content I. Introductory Formula, Ezekiel 16:1-3aα II. Yahweh's Actions toward Infant-Maiden Jerusalem, Ezekiel 16:3aβ-14 1. Circumstances of Jerusalem's Birth, Ezekiel 16:3aβ-5 2. Yahweh's Provision, Ezekiel 16:6-14 a) Summary b) Ezekiel 16:6 c) Ezekiel 16:7-8 d) Ezekiel 16:9-12 e) Ezekiel 16:13-14 III. Jerusalem's Harlotry, Ezekiel 16:15-34 1. Jerusalem's Beauty and Name Beget Harlotry, Ezekiel 16:15 ..90 2. Harlotry with Her Gifts, Ezekiel 16:16-19 3. Harlotry with Her Children, Ezekiel 16:20-21 4. Jerusalem Forgot the Days of Her Youth, Ezekiel 16:22-23 5. Jerusalem Builds Mounds and High Places, Ezekiel 16:24-25 .99 6. Harlotry with the Nations, Ezekiel 16:26-30 7. A Unique Harlot and Adulteress, Ezekiel 16:31-34 IV. The Announcement of Yahweh's Judgment, Ezekiel 16:35-43 1. Yahweh Demands an Audience, Ezekiel 16:35 2. Yahweh's Motivation and Sentence, Ezekiel 16:36-39 3. Her Lovers Execute the Sentence, Ezekiel 16:40-41a 4. Yahweh's Judgment Will Rest, Ezekiel 16:41b-43 V. Daughters Jerusalem, Samaria, and Sodom, Ezekiel 16:44-58 1. A Mother and Her Daughters, Ezekiel 16:44-45 2. Jerusalem, Samaria, and Sodom, Ezekiel 16:46-47 3. The Deeds of Sodom and Samaria, Ezekiel 16:48-52 4. The Restoration of the Sisters, Ezekiel 16:53-58 VI. Yahweh Will Establish an Eternal Covenant, Ezekiel 16:59-63 Chapter 4: Literary Activity in Ezekiel 16 A. So-Called Appendices I. Introduction II. Ezekiel 16:59-63: The Eternal Covenant 1. Integration of Material in 16:59-63 2. Distinct Literary Activity in 16:59-63 B. Ezekiel 16:2(הודע) - a(ואםדת)3, a20–23, 36b, 43–58: A Shift in Metaphor, Time, and Lexical Stock I. Introduction to a New Metaphor II. Grammatical and Syntactical Observations 1. 16:43: An Unexpected Motivation 2. 16:43ba: Formulas and Transition 3. 16:43ba: An Accomplished Punishment 4. 16:58: Jerusalem "Has Borne her Licentiousness and Abominations" III. Lexical Choices 1. The Lemma "Abomination" 2. "Abominations" and Material from the Original Metaphor 3. The Function of the Clause "You Did Not Remember the Days of Your Youth" IV. Developments in Content 1. The Perspective of Jerusalem's Punishment 2. Ezekiel 16:46-58: Abominations Bring about Restoration 3. Ezekiel 16:20-23: Sacrifice of Children 4. Idols of Your Abominations and the Blood of Your Sons, 16:36b 5. Conclusion C. Ezekiel 16:1–42: Jerusalem as a Harlot I. Covenant-Marriage and Adultery 1. Ezekiel 16:40-41: Added Punishment in Accordance with the Covenant-Marriage Expansion and Accusations and Their Incorporation a) Ezekiel 16:40-41a: Added Punishment b) Ezekiel 16:41aβ-b: Integration of Added Punishment by Means of Materials Related to Adultery, Harlotry, and Payment 2. Ezekiel 16:30b-32, 34, 38aα: Adultery and the Reverse Harlot a) Ezekiel 16:34 and 16:31: The Unsolicited "Reverse" Harlot- Wife and Her (Lack of) Payment b) Ezekiel 16:30b, 32, and 38aα: The Adulteress 3. Ezekiel 16:7-8: Covenant-Marriage a) Ezekiel 16:4-6 and 9-10: Shared Cultic Language Tradition b) Ezekiel 16:7-8: The Infant Becomes a Maiden II. The Harlot Redaction 1. Summary 2. Consistency of Language Comprising the Three-Part Structure of the Metaphor 3. Developing Conceptions of Harlotry a) Ezekiel 16:20-23: Another Conception of History b) Ezekiel 16:33: Jerusalem Gives Her Gifts 4. The Gottesspruchformel III. Basic Metaphor Concerning Jerusalem and Yahweh Chapter 5: Interpretation of the Prophets and Interpretation in the Prophets A. Dating Materials in the Book of Ezekiel B. Dating Expansions in Ezekiel 16 I. Ezekiel 16:59-63: From Restoration to Eternal Covenant II. Ezekiel 16:2(הודע) - a(ואםדת)3, a20–23, 36b, 43–58: From Harlotry to Restoration III. Ezekiel 16:1-42: A Developing Metaphor in a Literary Framework 1. Expansions Related to Covenant-Marriage and Adultery, Ezekiel 16:8, 30b-32, 34, 38aα, 40-41 2. Expansions Related to Harlotry, Ezekiel 16:7, 11-12a, 13a, 14-19, 25b-30a, 33, 35-36a and the Basic Metaphor IV. Proposing Absolute Dating in Ezekiel 16 Bibliography Index of Biblical References Index of Authors Index of Subjects