Lithuanian Baltic Sea Coasts during the Holocene: Sea Level Changes, Environmental Developments and Human Adaptations

Description

Lithuanian Baltic Sea Coasts During the Holocenefocuses on the relicts of the cultural and natural landscapes that survived in the Baltic Sea during the final Paleolithic-Middle Neolithic period in Lithuania. Using a combination of interdisciplinary research methodologies from archaeology, physical and biomedical sciences, with innovative use of underwater technologies, the contributors identify complex underwater landscapes (relic forests, peat bogs, lagoons, paleodelts or palaeo-riverbeds) and cultural objects to determine the evolution of marine paleobasin formation, sea level fluctuations and climate change. Front Cover Title Page Copyright Page Cultural Studies In Maritime And Underwater Archaeology Volumes In The Series Contents Preface 1 Flooded Landscapes in the Lithuanian Waters of the Baltic Sea 1.1. Introduction 1.2. Research methods 1.3. Research areas 1.4. Discussion. The survival of relict landscapes 1.5. Conclusion Acknowledgments References 2 Changes in Baltic Sea Relict Coasts and the Subsistence Economyin Lithuania in the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Present features of the Baltic Sea and its southeastern shores 2.3. The southeast Baltic Sea region during the Late Pleistocene period (Nemunas 2a–e and 3) 2.4. The Baltic Ice Lake-Yoldia Sea: the natural environment, the formation of the coasts, and thesubsistence economy 2.5. The shores of the final Yoldia Sea: The initial Ancylus Lake period 2.6. The natural environment and the subsistence economy 2.7. The development of the Middle and Late Ancylus Lake coasts 2.8. The Littorina Sea shores 2.9. The subsistence economy 2.10. Conclusions References 3 Lateglacial–Middle Holocene Environmental Dynamics in the Coastal Area of the Baltic Sea: A New Insight for the Territory of Lithuania 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Overview of previous studies 3.3. Material, methods and results 3.4. Discussion 3.5. Conclusions Acknowledgements References 4 The Search for Holocene Rivers on the Lithuanian Coastland 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Study area and methods 4.3. Sub-bottom survey 4.4. Marine seismic survey 4.5. Results 4.6. Possible reconstruction 4.7. Conclusions Acknowledgements References 5 The Final Palaeolithic and Mesolithic in the Coastal Part of Lithuania: Societies, Technologies and Resource Management 5.1. Introduction 5.2. Research background 5.3. Material 5.4. Methods 5.5. Results 5.6. Discussion 5.7. Conclusions References 6 Osteological Material and the Natural Environment on the Baltic Coast: the Middle Pleistocene to the Middle Holocene 6.1. Introduction 6.2. Material and methods 6.3. Baltic coastal fauna and the natural environment 6.4. The fauna of the Final Palaeolithic–Early Mesolithic 6.5. Coastal fauna in the Mesolithic–Middle Neolithic 6.6. Conclusions Acknowledgments References 7 Molecular Studies of 11,000-Year-Old Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Found on the Bed of the BALTIC Sea 7.1. Introduction 7.2. Material and methods 7.3. Results 7.4. Discussion References 8 Sulphur content and its palaeoecological significance demonstrated in Early Holocene relict trees from the bottom of the Baltic Sea 8.1. Introduction 8.2. Methods and material 8.3. Results and discussion 8.4. Conclusions References 9 Phosphorus Traces Left by Stone Age People in Aukštumala Highmoor 9.1. Introduction 9.2. The study area 9.3. The research methods 9.4. Results and discussion 9.5. Conclusions References Back Cover