AI and IoT for Sustainable Development in Emerging Countries: Challenges and Opportunities

Description

This book comprises a number of state-of-the-art contributions from both scientists and practitioners working in a large pool of fields where AI and IoT can open up new horizons. Artificial intelligence and Internet of Things have introduced themselves today as must-have technologies in almost every sector. Ranging from agriculture to industry and health care, the scope of applications of AI and IoT is as wide as the horizon. Nowadays, these technologies are extensively used in developed countries, but they are still at an early stage in emerging countries. AI and IoT for Sustainable Development in Emerging Countries—Challenges and Opportunities is an invaluable source to dive into the latest applications of AI and IoT and how they have been used by researchers from emerging countries to solve sustainable development-related issues by taking into consideration the specifities of their countries. This book starts by presenting how AI and IoT can tackle the challenges of sustainable development in general and then focuses on the following axes: ·       AI and IoT for smart environment and energy ·       Industry 4.0 and intelligent transportation ·       A vision towards an artificial intelligence of medical things ·       AI, social media, and big data analytics. It aspires to provide a relevant reference for students, researchers, engineers, and professionals working in these particular areas or those interested in grasping its diverse facets and exploring the latest advances on their respective fields and the role of AI and IoT in them. Preface Contents About the Editors AIoT and Challenges for Sustainable Development Achieving Sustainable Development Goals Through Digital Infrastructure for Intelligent Connectivity 1 Introduction 2 Impact of Intelligent Connectivity on SDGs 2.1 SDG 1: No Poverty 2.2 SDG 2: Zero Hunger 2.3 SDG 3: Good Health and Wellbeing 2.4 SDG 4: Quality Education 2.5 SDG 5: Gender Equality 2.6 SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation 2.7 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 2.8 SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth 2.9 SDG 9: Industry Innovation and Infrastructure 3 Concluding Remarks References Implementation of Intelligent IoT 1 Introduction 1.1 Acquisition Process 1.2 Interpretation Process 1.3 Adaptive Process 2 The Need for Intelligent IoT? 2.1 Resolving Unexpected Outage Issue 2.2 Enhancing Efficiency 2.3 Development of Newer Applications 2.4 Enhancing Project Management 2.5 Deductions for Business Ventures 3 How Is It Made Possible? 4 Areas of Application? 4.1 Civil Infrastructure 4.2 Health Care Sector 4.3 Intelligent Transport Systems 4.4 Smart City 4.5 Agriculture Management 5 Future Trends 6 Conclusion References Cyber Security Challenges for Smart Cities 1 Introduction 2 Smart City System 2.1 Smart Power Systems 2.2 Smart Healthcare 3 Prototypes, Processes, Structures, in Addition to Rules for Better Safety and Confidentiality 4 Functional Defencelessness in Keen Metropolises 5 Smart Services 6 Blockchain Utilization in Keen Metropolises 7 Web-Based Broadcasting in Addition Towards Shrewd Metropolises 8 Conversation—Keen Metropolitan Experiments 8.1 Expectation Trials 8.2 Functional and Transition Challenges 8.3 Innovative Challenges 8.4 Maintainability Challenges 9 Smart City Interaction Framework 9.1 Recommendation 1 9.2 Recommendation 2 9.3 Recommendation 3 10 Cyber Security and Smart Cities Issues and Challenges 10.1 Digital Protection Worries in Financial Viewpoint of Smart Urban Communities 10.2 Network Assurance Stresses in Governance Perspective of Savvy Metropolitan Regions 10.3 Network Wellbeing Stresses in the Mechanical Perspective of Savvy Metropolitan Regions Units 10.4 Security and Protection Attacks 11 Securing Smart Cities 11.1 Firmware Reliability and Secure Boot 11.2 Common Confirmation 11.3 Security Checking and Examination 11.4 Security Life Cycle the Board 12 Key Solutions to the Security Challenges of Smart Cities 12.1 Key Privacy Issues 12.2 Contemplating Security Risks 12.3 Following Stages for Handling Public Safety and Data Concerns 13 AI-Enabled Smart City 14 Constraints and Forthcoming Study Information 15 Conclusion References Efficient Machine Learning Technique for Early Detection of IoT Botnets 1 Introduction 2 Background Methodology 2.1 Overview of IoT Botnet 2.2 Denial of Service (DoS) 3 Machine Learning 3.1 Supervised Learning 4 Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms 4.1 Decision Tree 4.2 Naive Bayes 4.3 Logistic Regression 4.4 K-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) 5 Related Works 6 Scope of Our Proposal 6.1 BoT-IoT Dataset 6.2 Data Preprocessing 6.3 Feature Engineering 6.4 Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique (SMOTE) 6.5 Experimental Scenario 6.6 Machine Learning Model Evaluation and Cross Validation 7 Experiment and Discussion 7.1 Transformation 7.2 Oversampling Minority Class 7.3 Feature Score 7.4 Train-Test Split 7.5 Comparison of Performance of Machine Learning Algorithms 7.6 Observations 8 Conclusion References AI-Based Smart Robot for Restaurant Serving Applications 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 3.1 Hardware 3.2 Software 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Human Detecting Process 4.2 Path Selection 4.3 Android Applications 5 Conclusion 6 Future Work References AI and IoT for Smart Environment and Energy A Novel Deep Learning Architecture Based IoT Time-Series for Energy Consumption Forecasting in Smart Households 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Methodology 3.1 Long Short-Term Memory 3.2 Attention Model 3.3 Convolutional Neural Network 3.4 The Proposed Architecture 4 Experimental Results and Discussion 4.1 Dataset 4.2 Evaluation Metrics 4.3 Implementation Scenarios 4.4 Comparison to the State-of-the-Art Methods 5 Conclusion References Performances of CPV Optics in Morocco 1 Introduction 2 High Concentrated Photovoltaic 3 One Stage CPV Concentrators 3.1 Fresnel Lens and Mirror Parabolic 3.2 Mirror Parabolic 3.3 Compound Parabolic Concentrator 3.4 Conic Shape 3.5 Hyperboloid Shape 3.6 Dome 3.7 Simulation Results 4 Two Stage CPV Concentrators 4.1 Concentrators Based on Fresnel Lenses as a Primary Element 4.2 Concentrators Based on Parabolic Mirror as a Primary Element 5 Conclusion References Artificial Intelligence Based on Particle Swarm Optimization for Optimal Wind Turbine Power Control Using Doubly Fed Induction Generator 1 Introduction 2 Wind Power Plant System Components Modeling 2.1 Wind Turbine Modeling 2.2 Doubly Fed Induction Generator Modeling 2.3 Modeling of the RSC 2.4 Modeling of the GSC and the DC Link 3 Maximum Power Point Tracking Methodology 3.1 Classical PI Controller for MPPT 4 Vector Control of the DFIG-Based Wind Energy Converter 4.1 Control of the RSC 4.2 Control of the GSC 5 Optimal PI Tuning Gains Using PSO Algorithm 5.1 Overview of PSO 5.2 PSO Mathematical Model 5.3 Tuning PI Parameters Using PSO 5.4 Design of the Algorithm 6 Simulation and Results 7 Conclusion Appendix References A Comparative Study Between NARX and LSTM Models in Predicting Ozone Concentrations: Case of Agadir City (Morocco) 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Study Area and Data Collection 2.2 LSTM 2.3 NARX 2.4 Performance Indices 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Spatiotemporal Prediction of PM2.5 Concentrations Based on IoT Sensors 1 Introduction 2 The Area of Study and Data 2.1 The Area of Study 2.2 Data Preprocessing EPA Dataset 2.3 Airbox Dataset 3 Methodology 3.1 Facebook Prophet 3.2 Statistical Metrics 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 PM2.5 Prediction Univariable 4.2 PM2.5 Prediction Concentration with Other Pollutants 4.3 PM2.5 Prediction Concentration with Other Pollutants and Spatiotemporal Features (IoT) 5 Conclusion References Comparative Study Between Different Recommendation Systems in Smart Agriculture 1 Introduction 2 AI and IoT for Smart Agriculture 3 Related Work 4 Proposed Method 5 Methodology 5.1 Dataset Collection 5.2 Collecting Environment Factors 5.3 Crop Prediction 5.4 Monitoring and Feedback 6 Comparison of Diverse Recommender System for Smart Agriculture 7 Conclusion References Industry 4.0 and Intelligent Transportation Configuration Security for Sustainable Digital Twins of Industrial Automation and Control Systems in Emerging Countries 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Methods 3.1 Industrial Control Network in DTs Environment 3.2 Industrial Network Security 3.3 Industrial Control System Attack Detection 3.4 Feature Selection Based on Improved ABC Algorithm 3.5 Attack Detection Model 3.6 Simulation 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Basic Data Acquisition 4.2 Comparison Results of the Small-Data Case 4.3 Comparison Results of the Big-Data Case 4.4 Comparison Results of Unknown Conditions 4.5 Performance Evaluation of Attack Detection Algorithm of Industrial Control Network 5 Conclusion References An Empirical Investigation on Lean Method Usage: Issues and Challenges in Afghanistan 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Framework Development 4 Research Methodology 5 Results and Discussion 6 Conclusions References Optimization of the Effects Oscillation Welding: Sinusoidal and Triangular Beam During Laser Beam Welding of 5052-H32 Aluminum Alloy 1 Introduction 2 Experimental 2.1 Materials 2.2 Laser Welding Processing 2.3 Tensile Test 2.4 Regression Model Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Micro-hardness 3.2 Macro- and Micro-structures 3.3 Measured Experimental Values of Tensile Strength 3.4 Development of the Regression Model 3.5 Variation of Tensile Strength with Sinusoidal and Triangular Welding Process Parameters 4 Conclusion References The Internet of Things Solutions for Transportation 1 Introduction 1.1 IoT Brings Fundamental Changes in the Transit Equation 2 Coordinations and Transportation Management 2.1 Pickup and Delivery Requests 2.2 Transporter Management 2.3 Pickup Optimization 2.4 Stockroom Management 2.5 Travel 2.6 Conveyance 2.7 BI and Reporting 3 IoT Situations in Transportation 3.1 IoT Availability Innovation Necessities in Transportation 3.2 Advantages of IoT for Transportation 3.3 Difficulties of IoT Organization 3.4 Cybercrime 3.5 Building a Safe IoT Network Foundation 4 Case Study of Internet of Things Solutions in Transportation 4.1 INRIX 4.2 CHARIOT 4.3 CONCIRRUS 4.4 Dash 4.5 FLASHPARKING 4.6 FYBR 4.7 G.E. TRANSPORTATION 4.8 MAERSK 4.9 MIAMI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT 4.10 MOTOLINGO 4.11 NEXT TRUCKING 4.12 SHIPPABO 4.13 TERBINE 4.14 VENIAM 4.15 SEPTA: Positive Train Control (PTC) 4.16 TransData: Passenger Ticketing and Information System 4.17 SMART: Public Transit System Computer-Aided Dispatch 4.18 Macchina: Auto Control Center 5 AI Based Intelligence and IoT 6 Applications AI-IoT in Transportation 6.1 Smooth Out Decision-Making 6.2 Upgrade Operations 6.3 Oversee Warehouses 6.4 Lessening Downtime and Repairs 6.5 Go Driverless 7 Artificial Intelligence Answers for Intelligent Transportation 8 Simulated Intelligence Achievements in Transportation Across the Globe 8.1 Man-Made Intelligence Applications Across Associations 8.2 Reception of AI by Transport Organizations 9 Conclusion References A Novel GAN-Based System for Time Series Generation: Application to Autonomous Vehicles Scenarios Generation 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 Generative Adversarial Networks 2.2 Evaluation of GANs 2.3 Evaluation by Simplicial Homology 3 Approach 3.1 Image-Based Generation 3.2 Time Series Processing 3.3 Data Collection 4 Experimental Setup 5 Results 5.1 Stability and Equilibrium 5.2 Generation Quality 5.3 Geometry Score 6 Conclusions and Future Works References Fuzzy Set Theory-Based Approach for Mining Spatial Association Rules: Road Accident as a Case Study 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Methodology 3.1 Association Rules Mining 3.2 Spatial Association Rules 3.3 Fuzzy Set Theory 3.4 Research Area and Data Sources 3.5 Evaluation and Results Analysis 4 Conclusion References A Mobile Application for Real-Time Detection of Road Traffic Violations 1 Introduction 2 System Model 3 System Testing and Results 3.1 Testing the System’s Operation 3.2 Testing the Application’s Performance in Detecting Speed Limit and Overtaking Violations 4 Conclusion References A Vision Towards an Artificial Intelligence of Medical Things IoT Based Health Monitoring System and Its Challenges and Opportunities 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Challenges and Opportunities 3.1 Technical Challenges and Opportunities 3.2 Social Challenges and Opportunities 4 Proposed Model 5 Conclusion References Wireless Body Sensor Networks: Applications, Challenges, Patient Monitoring, Decision Making, and Machine Learning in Medical Applications 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Wireless Body Sensor Networks (WBSNs) 4 WBSN Applications 4.1 Wearable WBSNs 4.2 Wearable WBSNs 4.3 Remote-Controlled WBSNs 5 Challenges in WBSNs 5.1 Energy Consumption 5.2 Signal Processing 5.3 Heterogeneity of Devices 5.4 Data Anomalies 5.5 Path Loss and Environmental Challenges 6 Healthcare Application Requirements 6.1 Safety for the Human Body and Bio-compatibility 6.2 Mobility Support 6.3 Reliability 6.4 Data or Bit Rate 6.5 Ease of Use and Hardware Design 7 Data Collection 8 Illness Score Concept 9 Multisensor Data Fusion 10 Risk Evaluation and Decision Making 11 Machine Learning for Medical Applications 11.1 Regression Tree Scheme 12 Conclusion References A Novel Lossless EEG Compression Model Using Fractal Combined with Fixed-Length Encoding Technique 1 Introduction 1.1 Motivation 1.2 Contribution 1.3 Paper Layout 2 Related Works 3 Lossless Fractal Model Combined with Fixed-Length Encoding Technique 3.1 Fractal Similarity Measurement 3.2 Fractal Compression for EEG Signal 3.3 Fractal Decompression for EEG Signal 3.4 Fixed Length Encoding for EEG 4 Experiments and Results 5 Conclusion and Future Work References Securing the Hyperconnected Healthcare Ecosystem 1 Introduction 2 Background: Security Challenges in e-Health Cyber-Infrastructures 2.1 Cryptography 2.2 Intrusion Detection 2.3 Cyber-Threat Information Sharing 2.4 Cyber Range-Based Training 3 Critical Healthcare Infrastructure: Application Scenarios 3.1 Challenges in Smart Hospitals Environments 3.2 Challenges in Home/Community Care Settings 4 Proposed Architecture 4.1 Risk Assessment and Management 4.2 Platform for Incident-Handling Information Exchange 4.3 Continuous Monitoring 4.4 Response Service 4.5 Cyber Range 4.6 HIT Infrastructure 5 Conclusion References Multi-class Classification for the Identification of COVID-19 in X-Ray Images Using Customized Efficient Neural Network 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Material and Methods 3.1 Dataset 3.2 Image Pre-processing 3.3 Image Augmentation 3.4 Classification 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion and Future Work References Design of an Efficient Rectenna for RF Energy Harvesting for IoT Medical Implants 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 3.1 Research Procedure 3.2 Proposed Model 3.3 Choice of Diode 3.4 Schottky Diode 3.5 Bridge Rectifier 3.6 Power Requirement for IoT IMDs 3.7 Software 4 Design and Simulations 4.1 Antenna Designing 4.2 Receiver Antenna A (@2450 MHz). 4.3 Receiver Antenna B (@900 MHz). 4.4 Rectifier Designing 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Received Power by Antennas 6 Conclusion References A Review: Recent Automatic Algorithms for the Segmentation of Brain Tumor MRI 1 Introduction 1.1 Search Engine 2 Related Work of Brain Tumor Segmentation 2.1 Image Segmentation Techniques 2.2 Deep Learning Networks 2.3 Deep Generative Networks 3 Challenges and Future Work 4 Conclusion References IoT Based Machine Learning and Deep Learning Platform for COVID-19 Prevention and Control: A Systematic Review 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 IoT in COVID-19 2.2 Deep Learning for COVID-19 2.3 Machine Learning for COVID-19 3 Discussion and Future Work 4 Conclusion References Oncology with Artificial Intelligence: Classification of Cancer Using Deep Learning Techniques 1 Introduction 2 Artificial Neural Network (ANN) 2.1 Types of ANN 3 Conclusion References AI, Social Media, and Big Data Analytics A k-Mean Classification Study of Eight Community Detection Algorithms: Application to Synthetic Social Network Datasets 1 Introduction 2 Primer Concepts 2.1 Complex Network 2.2 Network Properties 2.3 Clustering 3 Literature Review 4 Approaches Overview 5 Experimentation 5.1 Datasets 5.2 Comparative Overview 5.3 k-Mean Classification 6 Discussion 7 Conclusion References Topic Modeling for Short Texts: A Novel Modeling Method 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Chinese Restaurant Processes 4 Topic Modeling Over Short Texts 5 Probabilistic Inference 6 Experiments 6.1 Datasets 6.2 Experimental Results 7 Conclusion References Prediction and Analysis of Moroccan Elections Using Sentiment Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Methodology 3.1 Research Overview 3.2 Data Collection 3.3 Preprocessing 3.4 Feature Selection 3.5 Classification 4 Experimental Results and Discussions 4.1 Frequency and Distribution of Search Keywords Related to the Moroccan General Election 4.2 Sentiments’ Analysis Related to the Election Based on the Moroccans Comments 5 Conclusion References Analysis of COVID-19 Trends in Bangladesh: A Machine Learning Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey and Review 3 Research Methodology 3.1 Data Source 3.2 Data Used 3.3 Description of Model 4 Result Analysis and Discussion 4.1 Performance Evaluation 4.2 Performance Analysis of Model 5 Discussion and Result Analysis 6 Conclusion and Future Work References Digital Transformation and Costumers Services in Emerging Countries: Loan Prediction Modeling in Modern Banking Transactions 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Background 2.1 Digitalisation Versus Digital Transformation 2.2 Technological Aspect of Digital Transformation 2.3 Digitalisation Stages 3 Related Work 4 Research Methodology 4.1 Data Cleaning 4.2 Feature Engineering 4.3 Machine Learning: Predictive Modeling 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Dataset 5.2 Validation Metrics 5.3 Experimental Process 5.4 Quality of Results and Discussion 6 Conclusion and Future Work References