Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Fundamental and Applied Sciences: ICFAS 2020

Description

This book highlights latest advancement in Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry. With the theme of “Innovative Science towards Sustainability and Industrial Revolution 4.0”, ICFAS 2020 brings together leading experts, scientific communities and industrialists working in the field of applied sciences and mathematics from all over the world to share the most recent developments and cutting-edge discoveries addressing sustainability and industrial revolution 4.0 in the field. The conference topics include green materials, molecular modelling, catalysis, nanodevices and nanosystems, smart materials applications, solar cells technology, computational mathematics, data analysis and visualization, and numerical analysis. The contents of this book are useful for researchers,  students, and industrial practitioners in the areas of Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry as most of the topics are in line with IR 4.0. Organization Preface Contents Editors and Contributors Sustainable Chemistry Acoustic Performance of Mixing EFB and OPF Low-Density Fibreboards in Different Thickness 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusion References Modified Alginate Adsorbent Using Ionic Liquid for Manganese Removal from Aqueous Solution 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Ionic Liquids 2.2 Preparation of Alginate Modified ILs 2.3 Respond Surface Method (RSM) 2.4 Adsorption Isotherm 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Ionic Liquid 3.2 Appearance of the Modified Beads 3.3 Optimization of Beads Towards Extraction of Mn Ions 3.4 Adsorption Capacity 3.5 Absorption Isotherm Models 4 Conclusion References Synthesis and Modification of Pour Point Depressant (PPD) Based on Copolymers of α-Olefins and Maleic Anhydride for Waxy Crude Oil 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 Copolymerization of α-Olefins with Maleic Anhydride 2.3 Amidation of a Copolymer of Octadecene-1 and Maleic Anhydride 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Characterization of the Copolymers 3.2 Molecular Weight Measurements 3.3 Pour Point and Rheological Measurements 3.4 Microscopic Measurements 4 Conclusion References Effects of NPK Fertilizers on the Growth, Yield and Chemical Content of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. Mill) 1 Introduction 2 Material and Method 2.1 Synthesis of Nitrogen Fertilizer (PU) 2.2 Preparation of NPK Fertilizer 2.3 Experimental Design and Treatments 2.4 Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soil 2.5 Data Recorded 2.6 Statistical Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Plant Height (cm) 3.2 Number of Lateral Branches 3.3 Number of Leaves Per Plant 3.4 Leaf Area (cm2) 3.5 Fresh and Dry Weight of Shoots (g/Plant) 3.6 Chlorophyll (a, b) Content (mg/dm2) 3.7 Carbohydrate Content (%) 3.8 Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Content (%) 3.9 Characteristics of Flowers 3.10 Characteristics of Fruits 3.11 Chemical Composition of Fruits 4 Conclusions References Production of Greener Biodiesel from a Low-Cost CaO Catalysts of Waste Freshwater Shells 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Preparation of Low-Cost Catalyst from Freshwater Seashell 2.2 Catalysts Characterization 2.3 Pre-treatment of Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) 2.4 Transesterification Process 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Catalysts Characterization 3.2 Production of Biodiesel Using Waste Cooking Oil References CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol: Effects of Reaction Temperatures and Pellet Crushing on the Catalytic Performance 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Preparation of Catalyst Pellet Support (SBA-15) 2.2 Preparation of Cu/ZnO Based Catalyst with the Addition of Tri-Promoters 2.3 Catalyst Characterization 2.4 Catalyst Evaluation 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Reduction Behavior of Tri-Promoted Cu/ZnO Based Catalyst 3.2 Morphology of Catalyst 3.3 Textural and Physical Properties 3.4 Catalytic Performance 4 Conclusion References Catalytic Conversion of CO2 into Alcohols: Comparison of Supports 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Section 2.1 Catalyst Synthesis 2.2 Catalyst Evaluation 2.3 Catalyst Characterization 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Morphological Properties of Samples 3.2 Catalyst Performance 4 Conclusion References Raman Spectroscopy of TiO2 Nanoparticles Synthesized by Hydrolysis of TiCl4: Effect of Sulfate Ions Concentration 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 2.1 Chemicals 2.2 TiO2 Synthesis 2.3 TiO2 Characterization 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Growth of Lactobacillus casei and Propionibacterium jensenii in Different Glucose Concentration and Incubation Temperature 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 2.1 Microorganism 2.2 Fermentation Conditions 2.3 Enumeration of Viable Cell 2.4 Measurement of pH and Glucose Concentration 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 The Effect of Glucose Concentration on the Growth of L. casei and P. jensenii and pH Changes During Co-culture Fermentation 3.2 The Effect of Incubation Temperature on the Growth of L. casei and P. jensenii and pH Changes During Co-culture Fermentation 4 Conclusion References A Comparison of Two Methods for the Development of Low-Cost Carbonaceous Adsorbent from Rubber-Seed Shell (RSS) 1 Introduction 2 Experimental 2.1 Materials and Pre-treatment 2.2 Preparation of AC 2.3 Characterization of AC 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Yield Analysis 3.2 Elemental Composition Analysis 3.3 Surface Morphology and Structure 3.4 FT-IR Spectroscopy 3.5 Adsorption Test 4 Conclusion References Adsorptive Removal of Bisphenol A Using Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework (ZIF-8) 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Method 2.1 Characterizations 2.2 Preparation of the BPA Solution 2.3 BPA Removal Experiment 2.4 Adsorption Isotherms 2.5 Kinetics Study 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Characterizations of ZIF-8 3.2 Removal Studies 3.3 Adsorption Isotherms 3.4 Adsorption Kinetics 4 Conclusion References Inclusion Complexes of β-Cyclodextrin/Pioglitazone and β-Cyclodextrin-Ionic Liquid/Pioglitazone: Spectroscopic Methods Combined with Molecular Docking Studies 1 Introduction 2 Experimental 2.1 Materials 2.2 Instrumentations 2.3 Preparation of β-CD/PZN and β-CD-IL/PZN Complexes 2.4 Determination of Absorption Spectra of β-CD/PZN and β-CDIL/PZN Complexes 2.5 Molecular Docking Procedure 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 FT-IR Characterization 3.2 TGA Characterization 3.3 Evaluation on the Inclusion Behaviour for Complexes of βCD/PZN and β-CD-IL/PZN 4 Conclusion References Mechanism of Alkaline Surfactant Polymer in Oil-Water Interface: Physicochemical of Fluid Rheology, Interfacial Tension and Molecular Dynamics Simulation 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Emulsion Rheology Test 2.2 IFT Analysis 2.3 Molecular Dynamics Simulation 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Rheological Properties of ASP and SP Emulsion 3.2 Interfacial Tension (IFT) Analysis 3.3 The Mechanism in Reducing IFT Value by MD Simulation 4 Conclusion References Free Energy Calculation of CO2 in Cholinium-Based Amino Acid Ionic Liquids 1 Introduction 2 Computational Details 2.1 Structure Optimization 2.2 Force Fields Validation 2.3 Solvation Free Energy 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Solvation Free Energy of CO2 in Water 3.2 Solvation of Free Energy of CO2 in [ChI][AA] ILs 3.3 Radial Distribution Function (RDF) 4 Conclusion References Microwave-Assisted Solvothermal Liquefaction of Kenaf Stalks for Bio-oil Production 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Synthesis of Ionic Liquid [BMIM][Cl] 2.2 Characterization of Ionic Liquid [BMIM][Cl] 2.3 Optimization of Solvothermal Liquefaction Process 2.4 Effect of Catalysts 2.5 Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis 3 Result 3.1 Characterization of Catalyst 3.2 Optimization Study 3.3 Effect of Catalysts 4 Conclusion References Interaction of TFSI-Imidazole and TFSI-Pyridinium ILs with MOFs from Molecular Docking Simulation 1 Introduction 2 Computational Details 2.1 System Preparation 2.2 Docking Procedure 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Screening of TFSI-Imidazole and TFSI-Pyridinium ILs onto Each MOFs 3.2 The Most Stable Conformer of Molecular Docking Structure 4 Conclusion References Impact of Photoperiod on the Carbon Metabolic Pathways of Chlorella Vulgaris for Biomass Production and Nutrient Removal in Treating Nutrient-Rich Wastewater 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Wastewater Medium Preparation 2.2 Chlorella Vulgaris Cultivation Using Synthetic Wastewater Medium 2.3 Photoperiod Experimental Design 2.4 Analytical Procedures 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Microalgal Biomass Growth 3.2 Carbon (COD) Removal 3.3 Nitrogen Removal 4 Conclusion References Effect of Anodization Voltage on TiO2 Nanotubes for Photodegradation of Formaldehyde 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methodology 2.1 Synthesis of Chloride-Based Electrolyte 2.2 Synthesis of TiO2 NTs 2.3 Characterization of TiO2 NTs 2.4 Photocatalytic Degradation of Formaldehyde 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Characterization of TiO2 NTs 3.2 Photocatalytic Activity 4 Conclusion References Molecular Dynamics Simulation of H2S Solubility in Protic Ionic Liquids 1 Introduction 2 Computational Modelling 2.1 Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Neat PILs 2.2 Free Energy Simulation 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Force Field Validation 3.2 Free Energy of H2S 4 Conclusion References Synthesis and Characterization of Nickel–Magnesium Catalyst Supported on Reduced Graphene Oxide 1 Introduction 2 Experimental 2.1 Materials 2.2 Catalyst Synthesis 2.3 Characterization 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Thermogravimetric Analysis 3.2 XRD Analysis 3.3 Raman Spectroscopy 3.4 FTIR Spectroscopy 3.5 SAP Analysis 4 Conclusion References UiO-66 and ZIF-8 Metal-organic Frameworks for Acenaphthene Adsorption 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Synthesis and Characterizations of the MOFs 2.2 Preparation of the Stock Solution 2.3 Synthesis of the MOFs 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 RSM Optimizations for Acenaphthene Adsorption onto UiO-66 and ZIF-8 3.2 Contact Time and Kinetics Study 4 Conclusion References The Simplex Lattice Design of Experiments: Formulation of Low-IFT Foam Surfactant for EOR Application 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methodology 2.1 Materials 2.2 Sample Preparation and Experimental Procedure 2.3 Experimental Procedure of IFT and Foam Stability Measurements 2.4 Simplex Lattice Mixture Design 2.5 Data Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Data Analysis and Model Validation 3.2 Diagnostic 3.3 Mixture Components Impact Study 3.4 Optimization 4 Conclusion References Effects of Metal Ratio and Promoter on Physicochemical Properties of CuFe Catalyst 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 Catalyst Synthesis 2.3 Catalyst Characterizations 2.4 Catalytic Performance 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Morphology and Composition 3.2 Textural Properties 3.3 Reducibility and Basicity Studies 3.4 Catalytic Performance 4 Conclusion References Ultrasonication Assisted Extraction of Lipids from Chlorella vulgaris with [Bmim][MeSO4] as an Additive 1 Introduction 2 Experimental 2.1 Materials 2.2 Synthesis of 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Chloride and 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Methyl Sulfate 2.3 Cultivation of C. vulgaris 2.4 Ultrasonication Irradiation 2.5 Stirring Method 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 1HNMR of the Synthesized IL 3.2 Cultivation of C. vulgaris 3.3 Ultrasonication Irradiation 3.4 Stirring Effect 4 Conclusion References Nano and Sustainable Technology Role of Surface Modification in Synthesis of Structurally Well-Defined Silica Nanoparticles for Oil and Gas Applications 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Sensitivity of Nickel Oxide Nanoflakes Layer on Extend Gate Field Effect Transistor for pH Sensor 1 Introduction 2 Experimental 2.1 Preparation of NiO Nanoflakes Sensing Membrane 2.2 Characterization Techniques 2.3 Measurement of pH Sensor 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Sensitivity and Linearity of pH Sensor 4 Conclusion References Synthesis and Characterization of Nickel–Cobalt Oxide (NiCo2O4) for Promising Supercapacitor Material 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Setup 2.1 Material Preparation 2.2 Characterization 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Phase Identification 3.2 Morphological Analysis 3.3 Magnetic Properties 4 Conclusion References Microwave Absorption of Coconut Wasted Derived Activated Carbon 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Experimental Procedure 3 Results and Discussion 4 Microwave Aborption Characterization 5 Conclusion References Assessment of In-Depth Transport and Retention of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using a Coreflood Approach 1 Introduction 2 Experimental 2.1 Material and Methods 2.2 Nanofluid Preparation 2.3 Core Characterization 2.4 Assessment of NPs Migration and Retention 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Stability of Nanofluid 3.2 Migration and Retention 4 Conclusion References Application of ANN Model in Sandstone Reservoir Using Electromagnetic Parameters for Predicting Recovery Factor 1 Introduction 1.1 Methodology 1.2 Result and Discussion 2 Conclusion References Design and FEA Analysis of MEMS Acoustic Sensors for High Voltage Applications 1 Introduction 2 Sensor Design 3 Optimization and Virtual Fabrication 4 Simulation Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions References Hubbard’s Modified Density Functional Theory Calculations for the Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of Carbon Doped Anatase TiO2 1 Introduction 2 Computational Methodology 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Structural Optimization 3.2 Electronic Structure/Properties 3.3 Optical Properties 4 Conclusions References Temperature-Conductivity Relationship of Solid Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Based on PVA-K2CO3 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 Development and Synthesis of SPE (PVA-K2CO3) 2.3 Characterization 3 Result and Discussions 3.1 Characterization 4 Conclusion References Simulation and Experimental Study for Electromagnetic Absorption in Sandstone with SrFeO3 Nanofluid 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Simulation of EM Waves in the Porous Medium 2.2 Electromagnetic Transmitter 2.3 Materials Used 2.4 Synthesis of Nanoparticles 2.5 Characterization of Synthesized Particles 2.6 Measurement of Dielectric Properties by VNA 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 XRD Analysis 3.2 FESEM Analysis 3.3 EDX Analysis 3.4 Dielectric Permittivity (ε′) 3.5 Simulated Result for Reflection Loss 4 Conclusion References Flexible Photoelectrode Based on Binder-Free Paste for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Synthesis of TiO2 Nanoparticles and Binder-Free Paste 2.2 Fabrication of Flexible Photoelectrode 3 Characterization 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Ni-Doped TiO2 Nanotubes for Low Concentration H2 Sensing 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Synthesis and Characterization of the Sensing Element 2.2 Sensor Configuration and Gas Detection Measurements 2.3 Hydrogen Gas Sensing Setup 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Characterization of Ni Doped TiO2 Nanotube 3.2 Hydrogen Detection Properties 4 Conclusion References Effect of Nickel Doping on the Optical and Morphological Properties of Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes 1 Introduction 2 Experimental 2.1 Methods and Material 2.2 Synthesis of Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes (TiO2) 2.3 Annealing 2.4 Doping with Nickel 2.5 Characterization 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Performance of Organic Polymer Electrolyte Based on Extracted Aloe Vera Polysaccharide Compared with Mannose, Agarose and Carboxymethyl-Cellulose (CMC) for DSCs Application 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 Preparation of Organic Gel Polymer Electrolytes 2.3 Dye Solar Cells (DSCs) Fabrication 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM-Thickness) 3.2 Current–Voltage (I-V) Performance 3.3 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) 4 Conclusion References Effect on Addition of Low Loading of Graphene Oxide to the Physical Characterization of Electrospun Polystyrene Fiber Mat 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Materials 2.2 Production of Nonwoven Polystyrene Based Fiber Mat 2.3 Characterizations 3 Discussion 4 Conclusions References Cellulose Nanofibers from Palm Bio-waste as Separator Membrane for EDLC 1 Introduction 2 Palm Bio-waste 2.1 Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) 2.2 Electrospinning 3 Material and Method 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Study the Impact of Shading on Series-Connected PV Modules 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 PV Array for Solar Radiation and Temperature 2.2 PV String for Shading 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 PV Array Under Different Solar Irradiances 3.2 PV Array Under Different Temperatures 3.3 PV String Under Different Shading 4 Conclusion References Mathematical and Analytical Methods in Science and Technology CFD Simulation of Petcoke Gasification in an Updraft Gasifier 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Multivariate Gaussian Process Regression for Evaluating Electromagnetic Profile in Screening Process of Seabed Logging Application 1 Introduction 2 Statistical Background—Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) 3 Data and Method 3.1 Synthetic Data Acquisition 3.2 Developing Multivariate Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) Model 3.3 Electromagnetic Profile Validation 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References On the Optimal Control of the Thermal Exchange on a Two-Phase Boundary Layer 1 Introduction 2 Problem Statement 3 Main Body 4 Conclusion References Surface Reconstruction Using Rational Quartic Triangular Spline 1 Introduction 2 Rational Quartic Triangular Patches 3 Derivation of C1 Scattered Data Interpolation 3.1 Local Scheme 4 Result and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Positivity Preserving Using C2 Rational Quartic Spline Interpolation 1 Introduction 2 Rational Quartic Spline Interpolation 3 Derivative Estimation 4 Positivity Preserving Interpolation 5 Numerical Example 6 Conclusion References K-means Clustering Analysis for EEG Features of Situational Interest Detection in Classroom Learning 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Methodology 3.1 Participants 3.2 EEG Recording 3.3 Tasks 3.4 Methods 3.5 Algorithm Description 3.6 Statistical Analysis 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Modelling the Disease Severity of Cocoa Black Pod Rot Disease 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Samples Preparation 2.2 Measuring the Disease Severity 2.3 Fitting the Disease Progress Curve 2.4 The Goodness of Fit Test 2.5 Estimating the Area Under Disease Progress Curve 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Samples Preparation 3.2 Disease Severity Curve Fitted Model 3.3 Estimate the Area Under Disease Progress Curve 4 Conclusion References Monotonicity Preserving Interpolation Using Rational Quartic Said-Ball Function 1 Introduction 2 Rational Quartic Said-Ball Interpolant 3 Monotonicity-Preserving Said-Ball Interpolation 4 Result and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Some Inequalities for σ-Convex Functions 1 Introduction 2 Karamata's Inequality 3 Ostrowski Inequality 4 Other Comments References On the Space of m-subharmonic Functions 1 Introduction 2 Space of Strictly m-subharmonic Functions 3 Geodesics and Homogeneous Hessian Equations 4 Conclusion References Unsteady Nanofluid Flow Over Exponentially Stretching Sheet with Vertical Throughflow 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Formulation 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusion References Pitt's Inequality Associated with Fractional Wavelet Transform 1 Introduction 2 Preliminaries 3 Continuous Fractional Wavelet Transform (CFRWT) 4 Conclusion References A Comparison Study on Developed FSWGARCH, SWGARCH and GARCH Models in Time Series Forecasting: An Application to Airline Passenger Volume 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Generalized Auto Regressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) 2.2 Sliding Window Generalized Auto Regressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (SWGARCH) 2.3 The Proposed Fuzzy Sliding Window Generalized Auto Regressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (FSWGARCH) 2.4 Forecasting 2.5 Model Validation 3 Data Analysis and Results 4 Conclusion References Optimization of PV/T Solar Collector Performance with Fuzzy If-Then Rules Generation 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Collection of Experimental Data 2.2 Membership Functions Development 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Predicting Household Income Due to Fuel Price Fluctuations 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Data and Variables 2.2 Stationary Test 2.3 Causal Relationship 2.4 Lag Selection 2.5 Prediction 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Stationary Test 3.2 Granger Causality Relationship 3.3 Lag Selection and Prediction 4 Conclusion References Review on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among Selected Countries in Asia 1 Introduction 2 Distribution of Cardiovascular Disease Among Selected Countries 3 Prevalence of Risk Factors Among Selected Countries 3.1 Blood Pressure 3.2 Smoking Status 3.3 Body Mass Index 3.4 Cholesterol 3.5 Blood Glucose Level 4 Methods of Preventing the Risk of Suffering from Cardiovascular Disease 4.1 Prevention of the Cardiovascular Disease Risk from an Islamic Perspective 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion References Forecasting Petroleum Fuel Price in Malaysia by ARIMA Model 1 Introduction 2 Data 3 Methodology 4 Results 4.1 ARIMA Modelling 4.2 Model Forecast Performance and Validations 5 Conclusion References ARIMAX Modelling of Ron97 Price with Crude Oil Price as an Exogenous Variable in Malaysian 1 Introduction 2 Data 3 Methodology 4 Results 4.1 ARIMAX Modelling 4.2 Model Forecast Performance and Validations 5 Conclusion References Application of Newton-GS Iterative Method with Second-Order Quadrature Scheme in Solving Nonlinear Fredholm Integral Equations 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Discretization of NFIE-2 Using First- and Second-Order Quadrature Schemes 2.2 Formulation of NGS Iteration with Quadrature Schemes 3 Numerical Experiments and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Gauss-Newton and L-BFGS Methods in Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) 1 Introduction 2 Problem Formulation 3 Gauss-Newton Method 4 L-BFGS Method 5 Numerical Examples 6 Discussions 7 Conclusion References Removing the Blurring from X-Ray Image Using BM3D Technique 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 BM3D Technique 3 Experimental Results 4 Conclusion References Empirical Formulation of (n, p) Nuclear Cross-Section at 14–15 meV 1 Introduction 2 Methodology and Data 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusions References Outlier Detection in Subsurface Modeling of 2D Electrical Resistivity Imaging by Using Boxplot 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Data Acquisition 2.2 Boxplot in Outlier Identification 3 Result and Discussions 4 Conclusion References Numerical Investigations of Nano-fluid Flow in Square Porous Cavity: Buongiorno’s Mathematical Model 1 Introduction 2 Geometry and Mathematical Model 2.1 Physics of the Problem 2.2 Governing Equations 3 Numerical Method 4 Result and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Forecasting Electricity Consumption in Malaysia by Hybrid ARIMA-ANN 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Data Collection 2.2 The ARIMA Model 2.3 The ANN Model 2.4 The Hybrid ARIMA-ANN Model 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Data Set 3.2 ARIMA Modelling 3.3 ANN Modelling 3.4 Hybrid ARIMA-ANN Modeling 3.5 Comparison of Model Performance 4 Conclusion References Fractional Model for the Flow of Casson Nanofluid using the Generalized Fourier’s Law for Heat Transfer 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Modelling 3 Fractional Model 4 Methodology and Solution of the Problem 4.1 Energy Field 4.2 Velocity Profile 5 Results and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Author Index Subject Index