Philosophy of Race: An Introduction

Description

Philosophy of Race: An Introduction provides plainly written access to a new subfield that has been in the background of philosophy since Plato and Aristotle. The second edition is updated to include contemporary developments such as digital racisms, metaphysical othering and metaphysical racism, and the rise of populist movements. Its focus has also been expanded to address non-white racial groups in the Americas, Europe, and beyond, such as the Roma and Uighur people. Part I provides an overview of ideas of race and ethnicity in the philosophical canon, egalitarian traditions, race in biology, and race in American and Continental Philosophy. Part II addresses race as it operates in life through colonialism and development, social constructions and institutions, racism, political philosophy, gender, and populist movements. This book constructs an outline that will serve as a resource for students, nonspecialists, and general readers in thinking, talking, and writing about philosophy of race.    Preface to the Second Edition and Acknowledgments Contents List of Tables Introduction to this Book Part I: Ideas and Realities of Human Race 1: Ideas of Race in the Canonical History of Philosophy Race-Like Ideas in the Ancient World Ideas of Race by Christian Theological Philosophers Locke’s Racism in Practice but Not in Theory Ideas of Human Races After Biology Hume’s Explicit Racism Kant’s White Supremacist Raciology and Dignitarianism Hegel’s Geographical Racism J.S. Mill’s Racial Exclusions Nietzsche’s Racial Eugenicism Conclusion Essay and Discussion Questions References Glossary 2: Egalitarian Spiritual and Legal Traditions Ancient Egalitarians and Early Christians James Beattie’s Challenges to David Hume and George Berkeley’s Activism Christianity and Nineteenth-Century Black Egalitarians American Formal Equality Civil Rights in the US Constitution The Universal Declaration of Human Rights Conclusion Essay and Discussion Questions References Glossary 3: Race According to Biological Science Early Ideas of Race in Early Biology Racist Ideas of Race in Nineteenth-Century Biology Transitional Scientific Ideas of Race Races as Populations in Science Further Considerations About Population Studies Conclusion Essay and Discussion Questions References Glossary 4: Ideas of Race in Twentieth-Century American and Continental Philosophy W.E.B. Du Bois and Edmond Husserl American Philosophy and Race Existential Phenomenology and Race Conclusion Glossary Discussion Questions References 5: Ethnicity and Related Forms of Race Ethnicity and US Immigration Diversity of Ethnic Groups Definitions and Constructions of Ethnicity The Invention of Traditional US Ethnic Groups and Immigration Immigration Law and Ethnicity US Immigrant Groups: White Anglo-Saxon Protestant, German, Irish-Catholic, Italian, and Jewish White Anglo-Saxon Protestant Americans German Americans Irish-Catholic Americans Italian Americans Jewish Americans The Present and Future of American Ethnic Groups Indigenous Identities Native Americans Kennewick Man Australian and New Zealand Aboriginals The Amazon Ainu in Japan Sámi in Northern Europe Race, Caste, and Class Ideas of Race in Brazil Caste in India Conclusion Discussion Questions References Glossary 6: Social Construction and Racial Identities Colonialism and Global Development Social Technologies of Race and Racism Terra Nullius and Territorium Nullius Human Reproduction, Segregation, and Education Individual Racial Identities Childhood and Conversion Du Bois’s Idea of Double Consciousness Mixed-Race Identities Models for Resisting and Deconstructing Race Pragmatism and Accommodationism Racial Eliminativism and Politicized Identities Conclusion Glossary Discussion Questions References Part II: Relations, Practices, and Theories of Race in Society 7: Racism and Neo-racisms Racism by Individuals Racist Thought and Speech Racist Action and Hate Crimes Institutional Racism The US Criminal Justice System Public K-12 Education Implicit Racism Micro-aggression White Privilege Epistemic Oppression Conclusion Discussion Questions References Glossary 8: Metaphysical Racism, Crimes against Humanity, and Reparations Metaphysical Racism Crimes Against Humanity Reparations and Its Limits Glossary Essay and Discussion Questions References 9: Race in Contemporary Life Marriage Marriage Rates Interracial Marriage Social Class Health and Medicine BiDil Sickle Cell Anemia COVID-19 The Pima Indians of Arizona and Mexico Race in Sport Conclusion Discussion Questions References Glossary 10: Political Philosophy, Law, and Public Policy Contemporary Philosophical/Theoretical Approaches to Justice and Injustice John Rawls and Justice as Fairness Amartya Sen and the Capabilities Approach Injustice Theory Public Policy—Affirmative Action and Police Racial Profiling Affirmative Action Racial Profiling Conclusion Discussion Questions References Glossary 11: Feminism, Gender, and Race Identity Politics and Intersectionality Black Feminism and Black Feminist Philosophy Black Male Philosophy Representation and Theoretical Problems with Race and Gender: The Tuvel Affair Conclusion Discussion Questions References Glossary 12: Political Racism and Populist Movements The Political as Personal Twenty-First-Century US Racist Populism Racial Populism in Germany, India, the United Kingdom, and France Conclusion Discussion Questions References Glossary Index