Covid-​19 and Governance: Crisis Reveals

Description

Covid-19 and Governance focuses on the relationship between governance institutions and approaches to Covid-19 and health outcomes. Bringing together analyses of Covid-19 developments in countries and regions across the world with a wide-angle lens on governance, this volume asks: what works, what hasn’t and isn’t, and why? Organized by region, the book is structured to follow the spread of Covid-19 in the course of 2020, through Asia, the Middle East, Europe, the Americas, and Africa. The analyses explore a number of key themes, including public health systems, government capability, and trust in government—as well as underlying variables of social cohesion and inequality. This volume combines governance, policies, and politics to bring wide international scope and analytical depth to the study of the Covid-19 pandemic. Together the authors represent a diverse and formidable database of experience and understanding. They include sociologists, anthropologists, scholars of development studies and public administration, as well as MD specialists in public health and epidemiology. Engaged and free of jargon, this book speaks to a wide global public—including scholars, students, and policymakers—on a topic that has profound and broad appeal. Cover Endorsement Half Title Series Information Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Figures Tables Contributors Acknowledgments Introduction: Patterns, Confluence, Regions Pattern Analysis Confluence Regions References Asia 1 China’s Fight Against Covid-19: Domestic and External Implications Measures to Fight the Epidemic Challenges to China’s Social Governance Covid-19 and Eventful’ Global China Conclusion Notes Reference 2 South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore and Covid-19 Another East Asian Model? Responses to the Pandemic: Similarities and Differences Institutional Capacity for Social Distancing The Dark Side of Stateled Social Distancing Conclusion References Webpages 3 China, Korea, Japan and Covid-19 Onset and Spread of Covid-19 Control Measures and Factors Affecting Responses to Covid-19 Socioeconomic Impacts of Covid-19 Conclusion References 4 India, Kerala and Covid-19 National Policy Response Readiness Entrenching Neoliberalism Inhibiting Transparency Kerala’s Welfareoriented Governance in Response to Covid-19 Proactive Sensitive: Ensuring Governance with Care and Compassion Transparency and Participation Comparing Policy Responses References 5 Nepal and Covid-19 Covid-19 Cases and Preparedness Governance and Leadership: the Crisis Accelerator Migrant Workers: a New Low Caste Unequal Distribution of Health Services Economy: Limitations and Implications Conclusion Notes References 6 Indonesia and Covid-19: Decentralization and Social Conflict Decentralization and Democratization in Indonesia Local Government Responses Grassroots Mobilizations Narrow Elite Consensus: the National Government Response Conclusion: Unresolved Contention Amid Escalating Crisis Note References 7 Thailand and Covid-19; Institutions and Social Dynamics from Below Curving the Pandemic: Institution Mechanisms Responding to the Disease Responding to People’s Vulnerabilities Troubles with the New Normal Local and Community Initiatives: Social Capital and Resilience Conclusion: Transformative Possibilities? References Middle East 8 Iran and Covid-19: Institutional Configurations Theoretical and Empirical Remarks Outbreak Timeline Governance in Phase I Conclusion Notes References 9 Saudi Arabia and Covid-19: Religious Institutions The Arab Gulf Countries The Great Covid-19 Gamble Domestic Implications: Shaking the Foundations of Rentier State Social Contract Religion and Political Legitimacy The Wider Context: Reactions in Other Muslim Nations Conclusion References Europe 10 the Uk and Covid-19 Pandemic Dynamics and the Government’s Responses From Social Democracy Towards the Competition State The Ideological Roots of the Uk Government’s Response Conclusion: Populism Rejected, Institutions Reasserted References 11 Spain and Covid-19 Overview of First Wave of Covid-19 in Spain (March– June 2020) Role of Social Partners Protecting Employers and Workers Role of the Social Economy – Working Collectively and Serving the Marginalized Discussion Conclusion Notes References 12 Germany and Covid-19 How the Virus Entered Germany Institutional Responses Germany’s Health System: Strengths and Weaknesses Germany’s Governance System: Strengths and Weaknesses Uneven Impact Conclusion Notes References 13 Turkey and Covid-19: Facing a Global Crisis During a Domestic Crisis Overview of Turkey’s Covid-19 Response Akp Authoritarianism and Covid-19: Confusion and Disarray Institutions Outside Akp Direct Tutelage: Sidelining and Marginalization Crony Capitalism, Economic Crisis, and Covid-19 Conclusion Notes References Americas 14 the Us, South Korea, and Covid-19: Governance Forprofit Healthcare in the US Versus Public Universal Healthcare in South Korea US: Private Forprofit Health System South Korea: Universally Accessible, Responsive, and Efficient Publicprivate Health System Politicized CDC in the US Versus Institutionalized KCDC in South Korea Politicized CDC in the US Institutionalized KCDC and the Trust Strategy in South Korea New Federalism in the US Versus a Centralized State and Coordinated Centerperiphery System in South Korea New Federalism in the US Centralized State with a Coordinated Centerperiphery System in South Korea Fractured Civil Society in the US Versus Voluntary Civil Followership in South Korea Fractured Civil Society in the US Voluntary Civil Followership in South Korea Unprotected Precariat Labor in the US Versus Precariat Workers with Social Welfare in South Korea Unprotected Precariat Workers in Neoliberal America Precariat Workers with Social Welfare in the CME of Korea Leadership Matters: Virtue and Vice in Us and Korean Leaders’ Response to Covid-19 Trump’s Failed Leadership in Responding to Covid-19 Moon Jae In’s Democratic and International Leadership References 15 The United States and Covid-19: Hairpin Turns Governance Dixie Capitalism, the Revenge of the Confederacy Peeling Trump and the GOP References 16 Brazil, South America and Covid-19 Institutional Strategies in Pandemic Combat: Collective vs Individual Responsibility Brazil: a Transitional Market Economy Crisis Inequality (Un)governance Alternative Institutional Initiatives Conclusion Notes References 17 Cuba Dancing with Covid-19: Citizenship and Resilience Citizenship and Resilience From Tradition to the Public Health Model Overcoming the Crisis The Preparation The Dance Begins New Media Stars Towards a New Model of Governance Social Activism, the Great Absence Conclusion References 18 Nicaragua and Covid-19: Authoritarian Indifference Nicaraguan Government’s Lagging Pandemic Response Authoritarian Consolidation and Ortegamurillo Family Dominance Economic Precarity and an Unequal, Hollowedout Healthcare System The Ortegamurillo Regime’s International Isolation Civil Society’s Resilience in the Face of Repression Conclusion Note References Africa 19 Rwanda and Covid-19: Leadership and Resilient Health System Partial Release of Lockdown After Reduction of Reported Cases The Health Sector and Covid-19 Rwanda’s Approach to Managing Covid-19 and Its Consequences Rwanda’s Approach to Individual and Community Covid-19 Screening Individual and Community Covid-19 Contact Tracing Mitigation Strategies to Cope with the Economic Consequences of Lockdown Strong, Resilient Health System to Supplement Measures to Curb Covid-19 Cases in Country Facing Future Pandemic Outbreak East Africa Regional Response to Covid-19 and Missed Opportunities References 20 Kenya and Covid-19 Patient Zero Responding to an International Crisis Corruption and Complications Testing and Tracing Low Mortality and Luck Infrastructure Conclusion References 21 Africa and Covid-19: Ways Forward General Trends Economic Vulnerability Indicators Social Protection Health as Social Protection Flatten the Debt Curve Varieties of Institutional Types and Covid-19 Responses Africa– China Connections Governance and Corruption in Covid-19 South Africa Conclusion References Crosscutting Themes 22 Covid-19 and Migrant Workers: the Gulf and Singapore The Plight of Migrant Workers and Their Vulnerability Gulf Countries Singapore Conclusion Note References 23 Covid-19 and Science: Italy and Late Modernity Italy and Late Modernity Feeble Sciencegovernment Connections in Italy Tentative Phenomenology of Sciencegovernment Relations in the Covid-19 Crisis Lack of Institutional and Technical Preparedness The Ambiguous Role of Experts The Excessive Visibility of Science in the Public Arena The Deterioration of the Image of Science During the Crisis The Poor Understanding of Science by Political Leaders Interpreting Sciencegovernment Relations in the Light of the Covid-19 Crisis The Declining Capacity of Governance Systems The Undersocialization of Science Managing the Double Weakness of Governance and Science References 24 Global Infodemic: Covid-19 and the Organization of Disinformation Methods Discussion Trust in Government Institutions Global Cooperation Speed Uncertainty Truth Conclusion References Conclusion References Afterword References Index