Dentofacial Anomalies: Implications for Voice and Wind Instrument Performance

Description

This volume provides an eloquent review of the anatomy and physiology of phonation, the work-up of patients with voice disorders, basic evaluation of wind instrument performance and dysfunction, and a full description of the most common skeletal and non-skeletal dentofacial anomalies, including their means of diagnosis and treatment. This is followed by a comprehensive review of literature on the vocal and acoustic features of affected patients, as well as the special considerations in wind instrumentalists. The effect of orthodontic therapy/ orthognathic surgery on voice, associated upper airway changes, and wind instruments performance is emphasized. The information provided in this book will heighten the patients’, therapists’, teachers’ and physicians’ awareness of the vocal characteristics and wind instrumentalists concerns often associated with these conditions. Dentofacial Anomalies: Implications for Voice and Wind Instrument Performance is addressed to otolaryngologists, laryngologists, speech-language pathologists, voice teachers, professional voice users, wind instrumentalists, instrument teachers, arts medicine physicians, physical therapists, orthodontists and other dentists, as well as members of the general public who are concerned about their voices and or wind instrument playing. Preface Contents Contributors Part I: Basic Principles of Phonation and Diagnostic Work-Up 1: Anatomy and Physiology of the Voice Anatomy Physiology References 2: Patient History Patient History How Old Are You? What Is Your Voice Problem? Do You Have Any Pressing Voice Commitments? Tell Me About Your Vocal Career, Long-Term Goals, and the Importance of Your Voice Quality and Upcoming Commitments How Much Voice Training Have You Had? Under What Kinds of Conditions Do You Use Your Voice? How Much Do You Practice and Exercise Your Voice? How, When, and Where Do You Use Your Voice? Are You Aware of Misusing or Abusing Your Voice During Singing? Are You Aware of Misusing or Abusing Your Voice During Speaking? Do You Have Pain When You Talk or Sing? What Kind of Physical Condition Are You In? How Is Your Hearing? Have You Noted Voice or Bodily Weakness, Tremor, Fatigue, or Loss of Control? Do You Have Allergy or Cold Symptoms? Do You Have Breathing Problems, Especially After Exercise? Have You Been Exposed to Environmental Irritants? Do You Smoke, Live with a Smoker, or Work Around Smoke? Do Any Foods Seem to Affect Your Voice? Do You Have Morning Hoarseness, Bad Breath, Excessive Phlegm, a Lump in Your Throat, or Heartburn? Do You Have Trouble with Your Bowels or Belly? Are You Under Particular Stress or in Therapy? Do You Have Problems Controlling Your Weight? Are You Excessively Tired? Are You Cold When Other People Are Warm? Do You Have Menstrual Irregularity, Cyclical Voice Changes Associated with Menses, Recent Menopause, or Other Hormonal Changes or Problems? Do You Have Jaw Joint or Other Dental Problems? Do You or Your Blood Relatives Have Hearing Loss? Have You Suffered Whiplash or Other Bodily Injury? Did You Undergo Any Surgery Prior to the Onset of Your Voice Problems? What Medications and Other Substances Do You Use? References 3: Physical Examination Complete Ear, Nose, and Throat Examination Laryngeal Examination Objective Tests Strobovideolaryngoscopy Other Techniques to Examine Vocal Fold Vibration Measures of Phonatory Ability Aerodynamic Measures Acoustic Analysis Laryngeal Electromyography Psychoacoustic Evaluation Outcomes Assessment Voice Impairment and Disability Evaluation of the Singing Voice Additional Examinations References 4: Wind Instrument Technique, Function, and Evaluation: An Overview Introduction Pedagogical and Practical Considerations of Teaching and Learning Wind Instruments Issues with Beginning Woodwind Musicians Brass Instrument Embouchures Mouthpieces and Their Characteristics Single Reeds Double Reeds Lifetime of All Reeds Flute Head Joints Brass Instrument Mouthpieces Other Considerations for All Wind Instruments Use of Vowels in Assisting with Pitch, Tone, and Resonance, Also Known As “Voicing” Technique Contemporary Performance Practice Concerns The Value of Warming Up Questions to Ask Wind Instrument Musicians as Part of an Evaluation Laryngoscopic Examination Suggestions Research Focus in Medicine Concerning Laryngeal and Vocal Tract Behaviors Research Conducted by Wind Instrumentalists with Voice Scientists Woodwind Research Brass Instrument Research Laryngeal Activity and Positioning in Wind Instrument Performance Other Vocal Tract Behaviors Concurrent Studies of Wind Instruments and Singing Conclusion References Part II: Acoustic Properties: Special Considerations in Patients with Dentofacial Anomalies 5: Orthodontic Disorders and Diagnosis Initial Orthodontic Examination Chief Complaint Dental History Medical History Physical Growth – Initial Screening Assessment Clinical Evaluation Oral Health Assessment Jaw, Occlusal, and Other Functions Speech Mastication Temporomandibular Joint Function Breathing Orthodontic Records Photographic Evaluation Facial Photographs Intra-oral Photographs Hand-wrist Radiograph Panoramic Radiograph Cephalometric Analyses Lateral Cephalometric Radiograph Posteroanterior Cephalometric Radiograph Intra-oral Scan Evaluation Orthodontic Diagnosis Malocclusion Classification Problem List References 6: The Upper Airway Space in Patients with Dentofacial Anomalies Introduction Upper Airway Morphology in Patients with Dentofacial Anomalies Why the Association Between Dentofacial Anomalies and Upper Airway Space Morphology? Upper Airway Space Morphology in Wind Instrumentalists with Dentofacial Anomalies References 7: Medical Disorders and Treatments in Professional Voice Users and Wind Instrumentalists Voice Abuse Infection and Inflammation Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Without Laryngitis Laryngitis with Serious Vocal Fold Injury Laryngitis Without Serious Damage Sinusitis Lower Respiratory Tract Infection COVID-19 Tonsillitis Lyme Disease Epidemiology Etiology Otolaryngologic Findings Diagnosis and Treatment Autoimmune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Systemic Conditions Aging Hearing Loss Respiratory Dysfunction Allergy Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Endocrine Dysfunction Neurologic Disorders Vocal Fold Hypomobility General Health Obesity Anxiety Substance Abuse Other Diseases That May Affect the Voice Structural Abnormalities of the Larynx Nodules Submucosal Cysts Polyps Granulomas Reinke’s Edema Sulcus Vocalis Scar Hemorrhage Papilloma Cancer Laryngoceles and Pharyngoceles Other Conditions Medical Management for Voice Dysfunction Speech-Language Pathologist Singing Voice Specialist Acting-Voice Trainer Others Surgery Discretion Voice Maintenance References 8: Fundamental Frequency and Dentofacial Anomalies Fundamental Frequency and Body Morphology Fundamental Frequency and Dentofacial Anomalies Why the Correlation Between the Fundamental Frequency and Dentofacial Structures? The Hormone Climate Vocal Tract Development References 9: Formant Frequencies and Dentofacial Anomalies Correlation Between Formant Frequencies and Body Size The Correlation Between Formant Frequencies and Dentofacial Anomalies Why the Correlation Between Dentofacial Anomalies and Formant Frequencies? Formant Frequencies and Vocal Tract Size Vocal Tract Morphology and Body Size The Parallel Growth of Facial Bones and Body Skeleton Dentofacial Growth and Formant Frequencies Acoustic Implications of Dentofacial Anomalies in Wind Instrument Players References Part III: Impact of Orthodontic Treatment and Orthognathic Surgery on Voice and Wind Instrument Performance: The Role of Pedagogy, Speech and Singing Therapy 10: Orthodontic and Orthognathic Surgery Procedures Orthodontic Appliances Removable Appliances Fixed Appliances Orthodontic Treatment in the Prepubertal Period (Primary and Mixed Dentition) Dentoalveolar (Non-skeletal) Problems Lack of Space or Crowding Problems in the Eruption of Teeth Skeletal Problems Timing of Treatment Maxillary Constriction Class II Malocclusion Class III Malocclusion Orthodontic Treatment in Adolescents and Adults (Permanent Dentition) Comprehensive Orthodontic Treatment Adjunctive Orthodontic Procedures Combined Orthodontic and Orthognathic Procedures Anteroposterior Dimension Vertical Dimension Transverse Dimension Summary References 11: Orthodontic Treatment and Voice and Wind Instrument Performance Introduction Effect of Orthodontic Treatment on Voice How Orthodontic Treatment Can Affect Voice? Direct Impact of Orthodontic Treatment on Voice Effect of Orthodontic Treatment on the Morphology of the Palate and Velopharyngeal Function Effect of Orthodontic Treatment on Airway Space Dimensions Effect of Orthodontic Treatment on the Position of the Tongue Effect of Orthodontic Treatment on the Nasal Cavity Indirect Effect of Orthodontic Treatment on Voice Orthodontic Treatment in Wind Instrumentalists with Dentofacial Anomalies References 12: Orthognathic Surgery: Effects on Voice and Wind Instrument Performance Introduction Effect of Orthognathic Surgery on Voice How Orthognathic Surgery Can Affect Voice? Impact of Orthognathic Surgery on the Shape of the Upper Airway Space Impact of Orthognathic Surgery on the Position of the Hyoid Bone and Tongue Impact of Orthognathic Surgery on the Velopharyngeal Function Impact of Surgery on the Nasal Cavity Effect of Orthognathic Surgery on Wind Instrument Performance References Index