Introduction to Adsorption, Basics, Analysis, and Applications

Description

Introduction to Adsorption: Basics, Analysis, and Applications presents adsorption basics that are relevant and essential to its application, including data analysis, interpretation and design calculations. The book deliberately keeps background information to a minimum, instead comprehensively covering adsorption of liquid solutions, the difference between equilibrium individual solute uptake and surface excess, a general discussion of adsorbate uptake mechanisms and uptake rate expression, uptake steps, performance models and their generalizations, application of performance models, and design methods based on the constant behavior assumption and unused bed length concept. Cover......Page 1 Front Matter......Page 3 Copyright......Page 4 Dedication......Page 5 Preface......Page 6 Adsorption Versus Absorption......Page 8 Adsorption Versus Deep-Bed Filtration......Page 10 Operation Modes of Adsorption Processes......Page 11 References......Page 13 Adsorbents......Page 14 Adsorbent Materials......Page 15 Adsorption Equilibrium......Page 16 Adsorbent Characteristics......Page 17 Adsorbent Selection......Page 20 Fixed-Bed Adsorption......Page 24 Batch Adsorption......Page 25 References......Page 28 Adsorption Equilibrium Relationships, Isotherm Expressions, Their Determinations, and Predictions......Page 29 Pure Gas Adsorption Equilibrium......Page 32 Isotherm Expression Derived from Adsorption Thermodynamics......Page 34 The Langmuir Equation......Page 36 The BET (Brunauer-Emmet-Teller) Isotherm Equation......Page 37 Isotherm Equations Based on the Potential Theory of Adsorption......Page 43 Other Isotherm Equations......Page 46 Representation of Adsorption Equilibrium Relationship by Separation Factor......Page 49 Adsorption of Gas Mixtures......Page 50 Extension of the Langmuir Equation to Multicomponent Adsorption......Page 51 The Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory......Page 52 Application of the Potential Theory for Calculations of Adsorption Equilibrium of Gas Mixtures......Page 56 Characteristics of Adsorption from Liquid Solution......Page 58 The Potential Theory of Adsorption from Solutions of Nonelectrolytes......Page 62 Extension of the IAS Theory for Calculating Multisolute Adsorption from Dilute Aqueous Solutions......Page 65 Selection of Isotherm Expression and Objective Function......Page 71 For adsorption from dilute liquid solutions of a single solute......Page 72 Least-Square Regression......Page 73 Effect of Linearization of Isotherm Expressions on Data Fitting......Page 78 Mistakes in Recent Adsorption Publications......Page 79 Prediction of Adsorption Isotherm......Page 80 Prediction of Pure Gas Adsorption Isotherm......Page 81 Empirical Correlations of the Henry Constant and Freundlich isotherm parameters......Page 84 Estimation of the Henry constant from the octanol-water partition coefficient......Page 86 Is There Equivalence Between Adsorption Isotherm and Ion Exchange Equilibrium Constant?......Page 89 References......Page 90 Further Reading......Page 91 Adsorbate Uptake and Equations Describing Adsorption Processes......Page 92 External Mass Transfer......Page 94 Intrapellet Mass Transfer......Page 95 External Mass Transfer Coefficients of Fixed (Packed) Beds......Page 98 External Mass Transfer Coefficient of Agitated Vessels......Page 102 Gases......Page 106 Pore Diffusion Coefficient, Dp......Page 107 Macroscopic Conservation Equation of Fluid Phase......Page 109 Batch Adsorption With Sufficient Agitation......Page 110 Fixed-Bed Adsorption......Page 111 Equations Describing Adsorbate Uptake by Adsorbent Pellet......Page 113 Governing Equations of Adsorption Processes-Adsorption Performance Models......Page 120 References......Page 122 Batch Adsorption Models and Model Applications......Page 124 Single Species Batch Adsorption of Systems with Linear Adsorption Equilibrium Relationship and Adsorbate Uptake Cont .........Page 125 Batch Adsorption of Infinite Bath......Page 126 Finite Bath Batch Adsorption......Page 131 Applications of Linear System Results......Page 133 The Model......Page 139 Adsorbate Uptake by a Single Mechanism......Page 144 The Concept of Pseudo Reaction Rate Constant......Page 145 A Special Case of the Mao et al. Model......Page 146 Model Applications, Identification of Adsorbate Uptake Mechanism and Determination of Rate Parameters......Page 147 The Models......Page 152 Theoretical Significance of Models......Page 153 References......Page 158 Fixed-Bed Adsorption Models and Fixed-Bed Design Calculations......Page 159 Terminologies of Fixed-Bed Adsorption......Page 163 The Model......Page 164 Extension of the Thomas Solution to Include Mass Transfer Effect......Page 169 Linear Isotherm Case, or r=1......Page 170 The Bohart-Adams Model, or r=0......Page 172 The Yoon-Nelson Model (Yoon and Nelson, 1984)......Page 173 Prediction of Adsorption Performance......Page 175 Determination of Adsorbate Uptake Rate Parameters/Uptake Mechanisms......Page 176 Constant Pattern Behavior of Breakthrough Curve of Fixed-Bed Adsorption......Page 181 Physical Significance of Constant Pattern Behavior......Page 182 Determination of Adsorption Zone Height......Page 185 Adsorbate Concentration Distribution and Breakthrough Curve Determination......Page 188 Estimation of Breakthrough Time and Calculation of Required Bed Height......Page 189 Calculation Based on the Degree of Saturation of Adsorbents......Page 198 Calculation Based on the Length of Unused Bed Concept......Page 199 The Bed Depth-Service Time Method......Page 201 References......Page 202 F......Page 204 Y......Page 205