Handbook of MRI Pulse Sequences

Description

This indispensable guide gives concise yet comprehensive descriptions of the pulse sequences commonly used on modern MRI scanners. The book consists of a total of 65 self-contained sections, each focused on a single subject. Written primarily for scientists, engineers, radiologists, and graduate students who are interested in an in-depth understanding of various MRI pulse sequences, it serves readers with a diverse set of backgrounds by providing both non-mathematical and mathematical descriptions. The book is divided into five parts. Part I of the book describes two mathematical tools, Fourier transforms and the rotating reference frame, that are useful for understanding MRI pulse sequences. The second part is devoted to a wide variety of radiofrequency (RF) pulses, and the third part focuses on gradient waveforms. Data acquisition, image reconstruction, and physiological monitoring related to pulse sequence design form the subject of Part IV of the book. Once this foundation is established, Part V of the book describes the underlying principles, implementation, and selected applications of many pulse sequences commonly in use today. The extensive topic coverage and cross-referencing makes this book ideal for beginners learning the building blocks of MRI pulse sequence design, as well as for experienced professionals who are seeking deeper knowledge of a particular technique. ·Explains pulse sequences, their components, and the associated image reconstruction methods commonly used in MRI ·Provides self-contained sections for individual techniques ·Can be used as a quick reference guide or as a resource for deeper study ·Includes both non-mathematical and mathematical descriptions ·Contains numerous figures, tables, references, and worked example problems Front Cover Handbook of MRI Pulse Sequences Copyright Page Contents Forewords Preface PART I: Background Introduction Chapter 1. Tools 1.1 Fourier Transforms 1.2 Rotating Reference Frame PART II: Radiofrequency Pulses Introduction Chapter 2. Radiofrequency Pulse Shapes 2.1 Rectangular Pulses 2.2 SINC Pulses 2.3 SLR Pulses 2.4 Variable-Rate Pulses Chapter 3. Basic Radiofrequency Pulse Functions 3.1 Excitation Pulses 3.2 Inversion Pulses 3.3 Refocusing Pulses Chapter 4. Spectral Radiofrequency Pulses 4.1 Composite Radiofrequency Pulses 4.2 Magnetization Transfer Pulses 4.3 Spectrally Selective Pulses Chapter 5. Spatical Radiofrequency Pulses 5.1 Multidimensional Pulses 5.2 Ramp (TONE) Pulses 5.3 Spatial Saturation Pulses 5.4 Spatial-Spectral Pulses 5.5 Tagging Pulses Chapter 6. Adiabatic Radiofrequency Pulses 6.1 Adiabatic Excitation Pulses 6.2 Adiabatic Inversion Pulses 6.3 Adiabatic Refocusing Pulses PART III: Gradients Introduction Chapter 7. Gradient Lobe Shapes 7.1 Simple Gradient Lobes 7.2 Bridged Gradient Lobes 7.3 Gradients for Oblique Acquisitions Chapter 8. Imaging Gradients 8.1 Frequency-Encoding Gradients 8.2 Phase-Encoding Gradients 8.3 Slice Selection Gradients Chapter 9. Motion-Sensitizing Gradients 9.1 Diffusion-Weighting Gradients 9.2 Flow-Encoding Gradients Chapter 10. Correction Gradients 10.1 Concomitant-Field Correction Gradients 10.2 Crusher Gradients 10.3 Eddy-Current Compensation 10.4 Gradient Moment Nulling 10.5 Spoiler Gradients 10.6 Twister (Projection Dephaser) Gradients PART IV: Data Acquisition k-space Sampling,and Image Reconstruction Introduction Chapter ll. Signal Acquisition and k-Space Sampling 11.1 Bandwidth and Sampling 11.2 k-Space 11.3 Keyhole, BRISK, and TRICKS 11.4 Real-Time Imaging 11.5 Two-Dimensional Acquisition 11.6 Three-Dimensional Acquisition Chapter 12. Basic of Physiologic Gating Triggering,and Monitoring 12.1 Cardiac Triggering 12.2 Navigators 12.3 Respiratory Gating and Compensation Chapter 13. Common Image Reconstruction Techiques 13.1 Fourier Reconstruction 13.2 Gridding Reconstruction 13.3 Parallel-Imaging Reconstruction 13.4 Partial Fourier Reconstruction 13.5 Phase Difference Reconstruction 13.6 View Sharing PART V: Pulse Sequences Introduction Chapter 14. Basic Pulse Sequences 14.1 Gradient Echo 14.2 Inversion Recovery 14.3 Radiofrequency Spin Echo Chapter 15. Angiographic Pulse Sequences 15.1 Black Blood Angiography 15.2 Phase Contrast 15.3 TOF and CEMRA Chapter 16. Echo Train Pulse Sequences 16.1 Echo Planar Imaging 16.2 GRASE 16.3 PRESTO 16.4 RARE Chapter 17. Advanced Pulse Sequence Techniques 17.1 Arterial Spin Tagging 17.2 Diffusion Imaging 17.3 Dixon's Method 17.4 Driven Equilibrium 17.5 Projection Acquisition 17.6 Spiral Appendix I: Table of Symbols Appendix II: Table of Constants and Conversion Factors Appendix III: Common Abbreviations Index