Ethical Theories in Islam

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Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Preface to the Second Edition Preface to the First Edition Introduction PART ONE: SCRIPTURAL MORALITY Chapter One The Koranic Ethos I. Text and Interpretation II. Goodness (khayr) and Righteousness (birr) III. Divine Justice IV. Human Responsibility Chapter Two The Evidence of the Traditions PART TWO: THEOLOGICAL ETHICS Chapter One Ethical Rationalism I. The Deontological Grounds of Right and Wrong II. Human Capacity and Responsibility III. Divine Wisdom and Justice Chapter Two Ethical Voluntarism: The Early Determinists and the Ashʿarites I. The Divine Will as the Ground of Right and Wrong II. Capacity and Acquisition (kasb) III. Justice and Injustice as Applied to God PART THREE: PHILOSOPHICAL ETHICS Chapter One Greek Sources of Philosophical Ethics I. Channels of Transmission II. Greek Ethical Texts III. The Nicomachean Ethics Chapter Two Socratic and Stoic Preludes I. Al-Kindī (d. ca. 866) and the Ideal of Apatheia II. Al-Rāzī (d. ca. 925) and the 'Philosophical Way' Chapter Three Aristotelian & Neo-Platonic Tendencies: Al-Fārābī (d. 950), Ibn Sīnā (d. 1037) and Ibn Rushd (d. 1198) I. Al-Fārābī and the Impact of the Nicomachean Ethic II. Ibn Sīnā III. Ibn Rushd Chapter Four Neo-Pythagorean and Pragmatic Elements: The Brethren of Purity (10th century) I. The Genesis and Growth of Moral Traits II. Man, the Microcosm III. Freewill and Predestination Chapter Five Yaḥyā Ibn ʿAdī (d. 974), Logician and Moral Philosopher I. The Subject-Matter and Aim of Ethics II. The Table of the Virtues and the Vices III. The Portrait of the Morally Perfect Man Chapter Six Aḥmad Ibn Muḥammad Miskawayh (d. 1030), Chief Moral Philosopher of Islam I. Miskawayh's Ethical Writings II. Nature and Function of the Soul III. Virtue as the Excellence of the Rational Soul IV. Justice V. Friendship VI. Happiness, its Object and Grades VII. Moral Therapy Chapter Seven Naṣīr Al-Dīn Al-Ṭūsī (d. 1274) I. Ethics in Relation to the Other Sciences II. The Soul and its Powers III. Happiness and the Virtues IV. Household Management V. The Principles of Political Science VI. The Attributes of the Imām and his Duties to his Subjects Chapter Eight Jalāl Al-Dīn Al-Dawwānī (d. 1501) I. Man's Position in the Universe II. The Principal Virtues III. Household Management IV. Political Science PART FOUR: RELIGIOUS ETHICS Chapter One Religious Morality and the Ascetic Ideal I. Religious Ethics Defined II. Ethical Traditionalism: al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī (d. 728) and Ibn Abi'l-Dunyā (d. 894) Chapter Two Otherworldly and Mundane Trends: Abu'l-Ḥasan Al-Māwardī (d. 1058) I. Traditionalism Tempered by Rationalism II. The Excellence of Reason III. Rules of Religious Conduct (adab al-dīn) IV. Rules of Mundane Conduct (adab al-dunyā) V. Rules of Personal Conduct (adab al-nafs) Chapter Three Traditionalism & Pragmatism: ʿAlī Ibn Aḥmad Ibn Ḥazm (d. 1064) I. The Ẓāhirī Ethical Dilemma II. Repelling Anxiety (ṭard al-hamm) III. The Futility of Worldly Ambition and Self-Conceit IV. The Principal Virtues Chapter Four 'Noble Religious Traits' (Makārım Al-Sharīʿah): Al-Rāghib Al-Iṣfahānī (d. ca. 1108) I. Religious Nobility, Worship (ʿibadah) and Civilization (ʿimārat al-arḍ) II. Moral Self-Purification III. The Excellence of Reason IV. Justice and Love V. Repelling Sorrow and Fear Chapter Five Psychological & Ethical Interrelations: Fakhr Al-Dīn Al-Rāzī (d. 1209) I. Man's Position in the Universe II. The Soul and its Faculties III. The Critique of Hedonism IV. The Quest of Worldly Position (jāh) and Related Vices Chapter Six The Synthesis: Al-Ghazālī (d. 1111) I. The Relation of Ethics to the Other Sciences II. The Powers and Virtues of the Soul III. Types of Good or Happiness IV. The Quest of God Appendix A The Contemplative Ideal in Islamic Philosophy: Aristotle and Avicenna Appendix B Excerpt from Ibn Sīnā's Risālah fī'l-nafs Appendix B′ Appendix C The Mystical Ideal, or the Quest of God: Al-Ghazālī Bibliography Addenda Index ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY, THEOLOGY AND SCIENCE