Forensic investigation of clandestine laboratories

Description

Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Disclaimer 2nd Edition Author Biography Introduction: First Edition Introduction: Second Edition Chapter 1 Basics of Clandestine Manufacture Abstract 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Lab Operators 1.3 Manufacturing Processes 1.3.1 Extraction Process 1.3.2 Conversion Process 1.3.3 Synthesis Process 1.3.4 Tableting/Compounding 1.3.5 Combination Labs 1.4 Needs Triangle 1.4.1 Equipment Needs 1.4.1.1 Reflux 1.4.1.2 Distillation 1.4.1.3 Hydrogenation 1.4.1.4 Bucket Chemistry 1.4.1.5 Extractions 1.4.1.6 Compounding 1.4.2 Chemical Needs 1.4.3 Knowledge Needs 1.5 Practical Examples 1.5.1 Extraction Lab Example 1 1.5.2 Extraction Lab Example 2 1.5.3 Conversion Lab Example 1 1.5.4 Conversion Lab Example 2 1.5.5 Conversion Lab Example 3 1.5.6 Synthesis and Extraction Example 1.5.7 Distillation Example 1 1.5.8 Distillation Example 2 1.5.9 Distillation Example 3 1.5.10 Extraction and Separation Example 1.5.11 Filtration Example 1.6 Summary Chapter 2 Clandestine Lab Hazards Abstract 2.1 Introduction 2.2 General Hazards 2.2.1 Little Training 2.2.2 Makeshift Operations 2.2.3 No Two Labs Are Alike 2.3 Hazard Priority 2.3.1 Explosion 2.3.2 Fire 2.3.3 Firearms 2.3.4 Exposure 2.3.5 Chemical Hazards 2.3.6 Physical Hazards 2.4 Hazard Abatement 2.5 Practical Application 2.5.1 Mechanical Explosions 2.5.2 Mechanical Explosions 2.5.3 Vapor Explosions 2.5.4 Compressed Gas Hazards (Example 1) 2.5.5 Compressed Gas Hazards (Example 2) 2.5.6 Compressed Gas Hazards (Example 3) 2.6 Summary Chapter 3 Basic Toxicology Abstract 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Entry Routes 3.2.1 Inhalation 3.2.1.1 Absorption Rate 3.2.2 Dermal Absorption 3.2.3 Ingestion 3.3 Modes of Action 3.4 Influences on Toxicity 3.4.1 Length of Exposure 3.4.2 Degree of Exposure 3.4.3 Compound Factors 3.4.4 Exposure Factors 3.4.5 Personal Factors 3.5 Distribution and Elimination 3.6 Toxicity Measurements 3.6.1 Exposure Guidelines 3.7 Toxin Properties 3.7.1 Physical States 3.7.2 Toxic Properties 3.8 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 3.8.1 Eye Protection 3.8.2 Gloves 3.8.3 Clothing 3.8.4 Respiratory Protection 3.8.5 Levels of Protection 3.9 Summary Chapter 4 Scene Processing Abstract 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Training 4.3 Seizure Stages 4.3.1 Planning 4.3.2 Briefing 4.3.3 Entry/Arrest 4.3.4 Hazard Evaluation/Abatement 4.3.5 Site Control 4.3.6 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 4.4 Scene Processing 4.4.1 Planning 4.4.2 Documentation 4.4.2.1 Photography 4.4.2.2 Videotape 4.4.2.3 Field Notes 4.4.3 Site Control 4.4.3.1 The Search 4.4.3.2 Inventory 4.4.3.3 Sampling 4.4.3.4 Field Testing 4.4.3.5 Disposal 4.5 Practical Application 4.5.1 Practical Example: Initial Crime Scene Evaluation 4.5.2 Practical Example: Training and Experience 4.5.3 Practical Example: Training and Experience 4.5.4 Practical Example: Sampling 4.5.5 Practical Application: Bottle Volume Estimates 4.5.6 Practical Application: Flask Volume Estimates 4.5.7 Practical Application: Separatory Funnel Volume Estimates 4.5.8 Practical Application: Reaction Flask Volume Estimates 4.5.9 Practical Application: Volume Estimate Accuracy 4.6 Summary Chapter 5 Laboratory Analysis Abstract 5.1 Introduction 5.2 The Chemist 5.2.1 Single Chemist 5.2.2 Independent Analytic Chemist 5.2.3 Analytical Bias 5.3 Types of Analysis 5.4 Identification Requirements 5.5 Inorganic Analysis 5.5.1 Chemical Color Tests 5.5.2 Microscopic Techniques 5.5.3 Infrared Spectroscopy 5.5.4 Ion Chromatography 5.5.5 X-Ray Analysis 5.6 Organic Analysis 5.6.1 Test Specificity 5.6.2 Wet Chemical Procedures 5.6.2.1 Chemical Color Tests 5.6.2.2 Microscopic Techniques 5.6.2.3 Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) 5.6.2.4 Extractions 5.6.2.5 Wet Chemical Documentation 5.6.3 Instrumental Examinations 5.6.3.1 Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 5.6.3.2 Gas Chromatography 5.6.3.3 Mass Spectroscopy 5.6.3.4 Infrared Spectroscopy 5.6.3.5 Documentation 5.7 Analytical Schemes 5.7.1 Solid Samples 5.7.2 Liquid Mixtures 5.7.2.1 Organic Liquids 5.7.2.2 Aqueous Liquids 5.7.3 Chromatographic Screening 5.7.4 Extractions 5.7.4.1 Physical Extraction 5.7.4.2 Dry Wash/Extraction 5.7.4.3 Liquid/Liquid Extractions 5.7.5 Isomer Determination 5.7.5.1 Microcrystal Examination 5.7.5.2 Derivatization 5.8 Quantitation 5.8.1 Microscopic Examination 5.8.2 Gravimetric Techniques 5.8.3 UV Techniques 5.8.4 GC Techniques 5.9 Practical Application 5.9.1 Data Interpretation 5.9.1.1 Practical Example 1 5.9.1.2 Practical Example 2 5.9.1.3 Practical Example 3 5.9.2 Extractions 5.9.2.1 Dry Extractions 5.9.2.2 Methamphetamine Extraction 5.9.2.3 Methamphetamine Extraction 5.9.2.4 Ephedrine/Pseudoephedrine Separation 5.9.2.5 Methamphetamine By-Product Profile Extraction 5.9.2.6 Black Powder Substitute Components 5.9.3 Practical Applications: Quantitation 5.9.3.1 Gravimetric Quantitation 5.9.3.2 Beer’s Law Extrapolation 5.9.3.3 Mathematic Calculation 5.9.3.4 Single Standard Calculation 5.10 Summary Chapter 6 Opinions Abstract 6.1 Introduction 6.2 The Questions 6.2.1 Who? 6.2.2 What? 6.2.3 When? 6.2.4 Where? 6.2.5 Why? 6.2.6 How? 6.3 Information 6.3.1 Scene Information 6.3.2 Laboratory Analysis Information 6.3.3 Experience and Training 6.4 What? How? How Much? 6.4.1 What Is He Making? 6.4.2 How Is He Making It? 6.4.3 How Much …? 6.4.3.1 How Much Product? 6.4.3.2 How Much per Batch? 6.4.3.3 How Much per Week? 6.5 Practical Application 6.5.1 Practical Example (Knowledge and Experience) 6.5.2 Practical Example (Knowledge and Experience) 6.5.3 Practical Application (Information Interpretation) 6.5.4 Practical Application (Information Interpretation) 6.5.5 Practical Application (Data Interpretation) 6.5.6 Practical Application (Production Estimates) 6.5.7 Practical Application (Production Estimates, Multi-Step) 6.5.8 Practical Application (per Batch Production Estimates) 6.6 Summary Chapter 7 Presenting Results Abstract 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Written Report 7.3 Oral Presentations 7.3.1 Verbal Presentations 7.3.1.1 Verbal Reports 7.3.1.2 Summary Briefs 7.3.2 Testimony 7.3.2.1 Case Preparation 7.3.2.2 Pretrial Conference 7.3.2.3 Testimony 7.3.2.4 Visual Aids 7.3.2.5 Types of Visual Aids 7.4 Practical Application 7.4.1 Practical Example: Terminology 7.4.2 Practical Example: Pretrial Preparation 7.5 Summary Chapter 8 Explosives Labs 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Explosives Lab Operators and Manufacturers 8.3 Regulations 8.4 Scene-Processing Procedures 8.5 Summary Appendix A: SWGDRUG Glossary of Terms Appendix B: TWGFEX Glossary of Terms Appendix C: Equipment Appendix D: Chemical Lists Appendix E: List of Explosive Materials Appendix F: Hazards Appendix G: Worksheets Appendix H: Sphere Volume Estimates Appendix I: Color Test Reagents Appendix J: Crystal Test Reagents Appendix K: Optical Properties Appendix L: Extraction Procedures Appendix M: Reaction Mixture Components Appendix N: Calculation Equations Appendix O: Drug Reference List Appendix P: Explosive References Appendix Q: Homemade Explosive Manufacturing Schemes Appendix R: Drug Chemical Table 1 Appendix S: Drug Chemical Table 2 Appendix T: Explosives Chemical Table 1 Appendix U: Explosives Chemical Table 2 Index