Advances In Parasitology [Vol 60]

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AdvancesInParasitology-Vol60-2005.jpg AdvancesInParasitology-Vol60-2005-ppii.pdf Advances in Parasitology AdvancesInParasitology-Vol60-2005-ppv-vi.pdf Contributors to Volume 60 AdvancesInParasitology-Vol60-2005-ppvii-viii.pdf Preface AdvancesInParasitology-Vol60-2005-ppix-xi-Contents.pdf Contents AdvancesInParasitology-Vol60-2005-pp01-99.pdf Sulfur-Containing Amino Acid Metabolism in Parasitic Protozoa Introduction Biological Importance of Sulfur-containing Amino Acids and their Metabolic Pathways General Features and Functions of Sulfur Functions of Sulfur-Containing Amino Acids General Functions of Sulfur-Containing Amino Acids Functions of AdoMet Significance of Sulfur-Containing Amino Acids in Parasitic Protozoa Significance of Methionine in Parasitic Protozoa Requirement of Extracellular Cysteine for Anaerobic or Microaerophilic Protozoa Significance of Cysteine as an Antioxidant in Entamoeba .16em mbihistolytica, Giardia .16em duodenalis and Trichomonas .16em vaginalis Physiological Importance of Cysteine in Trypanosoma and Leishmania Metabolism of Sulfur-containing Amino Acids An Overview of Metabolism of Sulfur-Containing Amino Acids Methionine Metabolism A General Scheme of Methionine Activation A General Scheme of Two Pathways for Methionine Recycling Ubiquity and Significance of Methionine Activation in Parasitic Protozoa Distribution and Significance of the Methionine Recycling Pathways in Protozoa S-Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) from Protozoan Parasites Transsulfuration Reactions Terminology and General Description of Forward and Reverse Transsulfuration Pathways Transsulfuration Pathway in Animals Transsulfuration Pathway in Bacteria, Fungi and Plants Transsulfuration Pathways in Parasitic Protozoa Sulfur Assimilatory De Novo Cysteine Biosynthetic Pathway A General Scheme of the Cysteine Biosynthetic Pathway Presence of the Cysteine Biosynthetic Pathway in a Limited Range of Parasitic Protozoa Possible Functions of the Cysteine Biosynthetic Pathway in Entamoeba and Trypanosoma Contradiction Between the Presence of Cysteine Biosynthesis and the Apparent Requirement of Cysteine in Entamoeba .16em mbihistolytica Roles of the Cysteine Biosynthetic Pathway in Antioxidative Defense Mechanisms and ISC Biosynthesis in Entamoeba .16em mbihistolytica Roles of the Cysteine Biosynthetic Pathway in Trypanosoma .16em cruzi Other Possible Roles of the Cysteine Biosynthetic Pathway in Parasitic Protozoa and Possible Drug Development Degradative Pathways of Sulfur-containing Amino Acids Degradation of Sulfur-Containing Amino Acids in Mammals Peculiarities and Distribution of MGL among Parasitic Protozoa Functions of MGL in the Anaerobic Protozoan Parasites Entamoeba histolytica and Trichomonas vaginalis MGL as a Target for the Development of Novel Drugs Against Entamoeba histolytica and Trichomonas vaginalis Serine Metabolic Pathways Serine Metabolic Pathways in Eukaryotes A General Scheme of Phosphorylated and Non-phosphorylated Serine Metabolic Pathways in Mammals Regulation of the Phosphorylated Serine Metabolic Pathway Serine Dehydratase for Serine-Pyruvate Conversion and Gluconeogenesis in Mammals Serine-Glycine Conversion by Serine Hydroxymethyltransferase Human Genetic Disorders and Physiological Importance of the Serine Metabolic Pathway A Spectrum of Serine Metabolic Pathways in Parasitic Protozoa A Survey of Enzymes of Phosphorylated and Non-phosphorylated Serine Metabolic Pathways in Parasitic Protozoa Distribution of Serine-Glycine and Serine-Pyruvate Conversion Pathways in Parasitic Protozoa Unique Presence of Both Serine Metabolic Pathways in Entamoeba histolytica and Trichomonas vaginalis The Phosphorylated Serine Pathway in Entamoeba .16em histolytica The Non-Phosphorylated Serine Pathway in Entamoeba .16em mbihistolytica Origin of Serine Metabolic Pathways in Entamoeba .16em histolytica and Trichomonas .16em vaginalis Biological Significance of Serine Metabolic Pathways in Parasitic Protozoa Developmental Stage Regulation of Metabolic Pathways of Sulfur-containing Amino Acids Developmental Stage Regulation of Reverse Transsulfuration and De Novo Cysteine Biosynthetic Pathways in Trypanosoma cruzi Developmental Stage Regulation of Sulfur-Containing Amino Acid Metabolism in Plasmodium and Cryptosporidium Remaining Questions and Future Perspectives Acknowledgments References AdvancesInParasitology-Vol60-2005-pp101-163.pdf The Use and Implications of Ribosomal DNA Sequencing for the Discrimination of Digenean Species Introduction The Digenea Species Distinction: Traditional and Modern Approaches Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Molecular Techniques for Systematic Studies Genes and Spacers Ribosomal DNA Internal Transcribed Spacer rDNA (ITS1, 5.8S rRNA Gene and ITS2) Region Internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) of rDNA Internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of rDNA Studies Using Its rDNA to Distinguish Digenean Species Apocreadiidae Bivesiculidae Cladorchiidae Didymozoidae DiplostomidaeDagger Echinostomatidae Fasciolidae Haematoloechidae Lepocreadiidae Leucochloridiidae Mesometridae Monorchiidae Opecoelidae Paragonimidae Plagiorchiidae Sanguinicolidae Schistosomatidae Strigeidae Telorchiidae The Interpretation of Its rDNA Sequences Identical Sequences, Different Species Interspecific Variation Intraspecific Variation Error Failure to Recognise Multiple Species Geographical Variation ‘‘Real’’ Intraspecific Variation The Recognition of Species Implications of Its Sequencing for Digenean Taxonomy Implications for Species Richness Implications for Morphological Taxonomy When to Name a New Species? Conclusions Is ITS Sequencing Effective? Remaining Problems An Effective Study References AdvancesInParasitology-Vol60-2005-pp165-243.pdf Advances and Trends in the Molecular Systematics of the Parasitic Platyhelminthes Introduction DNA Taxonomy The Platyhelminthes as Lophotrochozoan Bilaterians Interrelationships and Position of the Neodermata Abbreviations Molecular Systematics of the Cestoda Interrelationships of the Major Lineages of Cestodes Inter- and Intraspecific Variation in the Cestodes Molecular Systematics of the Digenea Non-Sequence-Based Works Interrelationships of the Major Lineages of Digeneans Interrelationships of Genera and Families Inter- and Intraspecific Variation in the Digeneans Systematics of Schistosoma and Related Blood Flukes Systematics of the Liver Flukes Fasciola and Paragonimus Systematics of Animal Flukes Molecular Systematics of the Monogenea Non-Monophyly of the Monogenea Interrelationships of the Monopisthocotylea and Polyopisthocotylea Systematics of Select Groups Udonella as a Monopisthocotylean Monogenean Systematics of the Dactylogyridae Systematics of the Polystomatidae Systematics and Diagnostics in Gyrodactylus Beyond Systematics: Molecular Diagnostics Ecological Diagnostics and Life Cycle Studies Cestoda Digenea Clinical Diagnostics Future Directions Taxonomic Considerations Analytical Considerations Molecular Targets Genomics Mitochondrial Genomes Nuclear Genomes and Transcriptomes Acknowledgments References AdvancesInParasitology-Vol60-2005-pp245-284.pdf Wolbachia Bacterial Endosymbionts of Filarial Nematodes The Cellular Environment of Wolbachia in Nematodes Habitat Growth and Population Dynamics Taxonomy and Diversity of the Genus Wolbachia Wolbachia in Arthropods Wolbachia in Nematodes Distribution and Phylogeny of Wolbachia in the Onchocercinae and Dirofilarinae Evidence for Dependence Indirect Evidence Direct Evidence Antibiotic Therapy as a New Treatment for Human Filariasis Genomic Insights into the Nature of the Symbiosis Wolbachia-Mediated Activation of Inflammation Lymphatic Filariasis Onchocerciasis Dirofilariasis Wolbachia Serology Future Advances/Concluding Remarks References AdvancesInParasitology-Vol60-2005-pp285-330.pdf The Biology of Avian Eimeria with an Emphasis on their Control by Vaccination Introduction Eimeria spp. and the Need for their Control Life Cycles of Eimeria spp., Including the Relevance of Different Endogenous Stages to the Induction of Protective Immunity Immunity to Eimeria spp. The Immunological Relationship between the Host and Eimeria spp. Protective Immune Responses Vaccine Strategies Live Vaccines Wild-type Strains of Eimeria spp. Live-Attenuated Vaccines Use and Efficacy of Live Vaccines Antigenic Diversity Maternal Immunisation-Transmission Blocking Immunity Prospects for the Development of Novel Vaccines Recent Advances that have Relevance to Vaccine Development Testing of Recombinant-Expressed Antigens as Vaccines DNA Vaccination Conclusions References AdvancesInParasitology-Vol60-2005-Index.pdf AdvancesInParasitology-Vol60-2005-VolumeContents.pdf