International Trauma Life Support for Emergency Care Providers

Description

For courses in basic trauma life support. A decades-long leader in trauma education For over 30 years, International Trauma Life Support for Emergency Care Providers has been at the forefront of trauma education for all levels of prehospital emergency care worldwide. This complete resource is filled with practical, hands¿-on training that guides readers through the how’s and why’s of all the skills needed for rapid assessment, resuscitation, stabilization, and transportation of the trauma patient. Updated with the latest approaches to the care of the trauma patient, the 9th edition conforms to the most recent AHA/ILCOR guidelines for artificial ventilation and CPR. Cover Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Table of Contents About the Editors Organization of This Book Acknowledgments Introduction to the ITLS Course International Trauma Life Support Courses SECTION 1 Essential Information CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Traumatic Disease Chapter Overview Situational Awareness Case Presentation Scene Size-up Standard Precautions Scene Safety Total Number of Patients Essential Equipment and Additional Resources Mechanism of Injury Blunt Trauma Penetrating Trauma Priorities of Trauma Care Trauma Triage Decisions Prevention and Public Education CHAPTER 2 Trauma Assessment and Management Chapter Overview Case Presentation ITLS Primary Survey Scene Size-up Initial Assessment Rapid Trauma Survey or Focused Exam ITLS Reassessment Exam ITLS Secondary Survey Adjuncts for Trauma Patient Assessment Transfer of Care CHAPTER 3 Assessment Skills ITLS Primary Survey—Critical Information Scene Size-up Initial Assessment Rapid Trauma Survey ITLS Reassessment Exam—Critical Information Subjective Changes Mental Status Reassess ABCs ITLS Secondary Survey—Critical Information SAMPLE History Vital Signs and Repeat Initial Assessment Neurological Exam Detailed Exam Ground Rules for Teaching and Evaluation CHAPTER 4 Hemorrhage Control and Shock Chapter Overview Case Presentation Pathophysiology of Shock Evaluation of Tachycardia The Shock Syndromes Management Special Situations in Hypovolemic Shock Obstructive Shock Cardiogenic Shock Current Thinking in the Treatment of Shock CHAPTER 5 Shock and Hemorrhage Control Skills Cannulation of the External Jugular Vein Intraosseous Infusion Indications Contraindications Recommended Sites Potential Complications FAST Responder™ Intraosseous Device Length-Based Resuscitation Tapes Control of Life-Threatening Hemorrhage Application of Tourniquets Use of Hemostatic Agents CHAPTER 6 Airway Management Chapter Overview Case Presentation Anatomy and Physiology Nasopharynx Oropharynx Hypopharynx Larynx Trachea and Bronchi The Lungs The Patent Airway Observation Suction Airway Adjuncts Supplemental Oxygen Ventilation Normal Ventilation Positive-Pressure (Artificial) Ventilation Compliance Ventilation Techniques Airway Equipment CHAPTER 7 Airway Skills Chapter Overview Basic Airway Management The Pulse Oximeter Supraglottic Airways Advanced Airway Management Preparation for Intubation Face-to-Face Intubation Confirmation of Tube Placement Drug-Assisted Intubation Fiberoptic and Video Intubation SECTION 2 Foundational Knowledge CHAPTER 8 Thoracic Trauma Chapter Overview Case Presentation The Thorax Anatomy Pathophysiology Emergency Care of Chest Injuries Airway Obstruction Flail Chest Open Pneumothorax Massive Hemothorax Tension Pneumothorax Cardiac Tamponade Myocardial Contusion Traumatic Aortic Rupture Tracheal or Bronchial Tree Injury Diaphragmatic Tears Pulmonary Contusion Blast Injuries Other Chest Injuries Impaled Objects Traumatic Asphyxia Simple Pneumothorax Sternal Fractures Simple Rib Fracture CHAPTER 9 Thoracic Trauma Skills Chapter Overview Chest Decompression Indications to Perform Chest Decompression Performing a Chest Decompression by the Anterior Approach Performing a Chest Decompression by the Lateral Approach Management of Open Pneumothorax CHAPTER 10 Spinal Trauma and Spinal Motion Restriction Chapter Overview Case Presentation Evolution of Spinal Motion Restriction Relationship to Patient Safety Patient-Specific and Appropriate Spinal Motion Restriction Summary of Patient-Centered Spinal Motion Restriction The Normal Spinal Column and Cord Spinal Column Spinal Cord Spinal Injury Mechanisms of Blunt Spinal Column Injury Pathophysiology of Spinal Cord Injury Neurogenic Shock Assessment of the Trauma Patient Assessing for Possible Spinal Injury Focused Evaluation of the Spinal Cord Management of the Trauma Patient Minimizing Spinal Movement Spinal Motion Restriction in the Trauma Patient The Log Roll Spinal Motion Restriction Devices Complications of Spinal Motion Restriction Airway Intervention Special Spinal Motion Restriction Situations CHAPTER 11 Spine Management Skills Essential Components of Spinal Motion Restriction Principles of SMR Applying SMR Patients Requiring SMR SMR with a Short Extrication Device Emergency Rescue and Rapid Extrication SMR with the Long Backboard CHAPTER 12 Head Trauma and Traumatic Brain Injury Chapter Overview Case Presentation Anatomy of the Head Pathophysiology of Head Trauma Primary and Secondary Brain Injuries Intracranial Pressure Cerebral Herniation Syndrome Head Injuries Facial Injuries Scalp Wounds Skull Injuries Brain Injuries Evaluation of the Patient with Traumatic Brain Injury ITLS Primary Survey ITLS Secondary Survey ITLS Reassessment Exam Management of the Patient with TBI CHAPTER 13 Abdominal Trauma Chapter Overview Case Presentation Anatomy of the Abdomen Types of Abdominal Injuries Assessment and Stabilization Scene Size-up Patient Assessment Stabilization New Trends in Managing Abdominal Trauma CHAPTER 14 Extremity Trauma Chapter Overview Case Presentation Injuries to Extremities Fractures Dislocations Open Wounds Amputations Neurovascular Injuries Sprains and Strains Impaled Objects Compartment Syndrome Crush Injury and Crush Syndrome Assessment and Management Scene Size-up and History Assessment Management of Extremity Injuries Management of Specific Injuries CHAPTER 15 Extremity Trauma Skills Traction Splints Pelvic Stabilization Techniques CHAPTER 16 Trauma Arrest Chapter Overview Case Presentation The Unsalvageable Patient Airway and Breathing Problems Circulatory Problems Approach to Trauma Patients in Cardiac Arrest General Plan of Action Considerations in Traumatic Cardiac Arrest Management SECTION 3 Special Populations CHAPTER 17 Burns Chapter Overview Case Presentation Anatomy and Pathophysiology The Skin Classifying Burns by Depth Determining the Severity of Burns Patient Assessment and Management ITLS Primary Survey ITLS Secondary Survey Patient Management Special Problems in Burn Management CHAPTER 18 Pediatric Trauma Chapter Overview Case Presentation Communication with the Child and Family Parental Consent Assessment and Care Pediatric Equipment Common Mechanisms of Injury General Assessment Rapid Trauma Survey or Focused Exam Critical Trauma Situation ITLS Secondary Survey Potentially Life-Threatening Injuries Hemorrhagic Shock Fluid Resuscitation Head Trauma Chest Injury Abdominal Injury Spine Injury Child Restraint Seats CHAPTER 19 Geriatric Trauma Chapter Overview Case Presentation Pathophysiology of Aging The Aging Body Medications Aging and Injury Assessment and Management ITLS Primary Survey Reassessment Exams CHAPTER 20 Trauma in Pregnancy Chapter Overview Case Presentation Pregnancy Fetal Development Physiologic Changes During Pregnancy Responses to Hypovolemia Assessment and Management Special Considerations Types of Trauma Trauma Prevention in Pregnancy CHAPTER 21 The Impaired Patient Chapter Overview Case Presentation Substance Abuse Assessment and Management The Uncooperative Patient Excited Delirium GLOSSARY INDEX A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Z APPENDIX A Standard Precautions APPENDIX B Analgesia and Pain Control for the Trauma Patient APPENDIX C Multicasualty Incidents and Triage