Quantitative Research on Street Interface Morphology: Comparison Between Chinese and Western Cities

Description

This book investigates the historical evolution, regional differences, and quantitative measurement on street interface, which forms the street space and plays a very important role in urban form. Empirical research reveals the street interface in Chinese cities are much more complicated than European and American cities. This book explores the reason and reveals the relationship between street interface and urban form in morphology. By constructing quantitative measurement method on street interface morphology, quantitative parameters can be used in urban planning guidelines in China. Both researchers and students working in architecture, urban design, urban planning and urban studies can benefit from this book. Preface Acknowledgments Contents About the Author 1 Introduction 1.1 Research Background 1.1.1 China’s Rapid Urbanization and Subsequent Urban Problems 1.1.2 Inadequate Efforts in Promoting Laws and Regulations in Urban Planning 1.2 Research Questions 1.3 Book Summary Part I Street Interface Through Different Times and in Different Regions 2 Urban Street Interface Morphology Through Different Times in China 2.1 Historical Review 2.1.1 Tang-Song Period 2.1.2 Yuan–Ming–Qing Period 2.1.3 From Late Qing to the Republican Period 2.1.4 After the Founding of the People’s Republic of China 2.2 Evolution Characteristics 3 Urban Street Interface Morphology Through Different Times in Europe 3.1 Historical Review 3.1.1 Classical Period 3.1.2 Feudal Period 3.1.3 From the Industrial Revolution to World War II 3.1.4 After the World War II 3.2 Evolution Characteristics 4 Comparison of Street Interface Morphology Between China and the West 4.1 Comparison of Street Interface Morphology Among Sample Cities in China and the West 4.2 Comparison of Planning Regulations on Street Interface Morphology Between China and the West 4.2.1 Relevant Planning Regulations in France 4.2.2 Relevant Planning Regulations in the United States 4.2.3 Relevant Planning Regulations in China 4.3 Comparison of Architectural Cultural Traditions Related to Street Interface Morphology Between China and the West 4.3.1 Relevant Architectural Cultural Traditions in the West 4.3.2 Relevant Architectural Cultural Traditions in China 4.4 Reflection of the Architectural Cultural Traditions on the Street Interface in Modern Cities 4.4.1 Reflection of the Architectural Cultural Traditions in the West 4.4.2 Reflection of the Architectural Cultural Traditions in China 4.5 Conclusion Part II Quantitative Method for Street Interface Morphology 5 Review on the Qualitative Research of Street Morphology 5.1 Study of Street Morphology from Aesthetic Perspective 5.1.1 Camillo Sitte and the Art of Building Cities 5.1.2 Yoshinobu Ashihara and the Aesthetic Townscape 5.2 Study of Street Morphology from Spatial Cognition Perspective 5.2.1 Kevin Lynch and the Image of the City 5.2.2 Allan Jacobs and the Great Streets 5.3 Study of Street Morphology from Urban Transportation Perspective 5.3.1 Neighborhood Unit 5.3.2 Transportation Network Planning 5.3.3 Street Section 5.3.4 Traffic Calming 6 Review on the Quantitative Research of Street Morphology 6.1 Review on the Quantitative Research of Street Network Morphology 6.1.1 Space Syntax 6.1.2 Route Structure Analysis 6.1.3 Network Density 6.2 Review on the Quantitative Research of Street Interface Morphology 6.2.1 D/H 6.2.2 W/D 6.2.3 Interface Density 6.2.4 Build-to-Line Ratio 6.2.5 Alignment of Buildings 6.2.6 Sky Exposure Plane 6.2.7 Transparency 6.2.8 Openness 6.2.9 Store Density 6.2.10 Fractal Dimension 6.3 Review of Existing Quantitative Methods 7 Establishment of the Quantitative Method for Street Interface Morphology 7.1 The Street Interface Research Framework of “Physical Form–Psychological Cognition” 7.1.1 Characteristics of Street Interface in Physical Form 7.1.2 Psychological Cognitive Experiment on Characteristics of Street Interface in Physical Form 7.1.3 Summary 7.2 Derivation of the “Physical Quantity-Psychological Quantity” Algorithm for Quantitative Parameters 7.2.1 Derivation of the Algorithm for the Parameter of Interface Density 7.2.2 Derivation of the Algorithm for the Parameter of Near-Line Ratio 7.2.3 Summary 7.3 Example Application of the Quantitative Method 7.3.1 Calculation of Experiment Samples 7.3.2 Calculation of Real Streets 7.3.3 Summary 7.4 Conclusion Part III Empirical Application of Quantitative Method 8 Interface Density 8.1 Analysis of the Influencing Factors of “Interface Density” 8.1.1 Analysis of the Correlation Between Street Interface Density and Block Building Density 8.1.2 Analysis of the Correlation Between Street Interface Density and Block Scale 8.1.3 Analysis of the Correlation Between Block Building Density and Block Scale 8.1.4 Conclusion 8.2 Case Study of Streets in China and the West on Street Interface Density 8.2.1 Case Study of Streets in the West on Street Interface Density 8.2.2 Case Study of Streets in China on Street Interface Density 8.2.3 Conclusion 9 Build-to-Line Ratio and Near-Line Ratio 9.1 Differentiation of the Definitions of the Parameters 9.2 Parameter Analysis of the Street Samples in China and the West 9.3 Conclusion 10 Application of the Quantitative Method 10.1 Feasibility of Applying the Quantitative Method to the Protection of Street Interface in Historic Conservation Areas 10.1.1 Particularity of the Parameter Quantitative Method 10.1.2 Particularity of the Historic Conservation Area 10.1.3 Summary 10.2 Protection Mechanism for Historic Conservation Areas in China and Its Deficiencies 10.2.1 Legal System of the Protection of Historic Conservation Areas in China 10.2.2 Practice of the Protection and Renewal of Historic Areas in China 10.2.3 Summary 10.3 Application of the Quantitative Method in the Protection Plan of Historic Conservation Areas 10.3.1 Research Strategy 10.3.2 Parameter Description 10.3.3 Characteristic Summary 10.3.4 Plan Formulation 10.3.5 Summary 10.4 Conclusion 11 Conclusion 11.1 Main Conclusions 11.1.1 Street Interface Morphology Through Different Times and in Different Regions 11.1.2 Quantitative Method for Street Interface Morphology 11.1.3 Empirical Application of the Quantitative Method 11.2 Limitations 11.2.1 Limitation of the Quantitative Method in Its Research Goal 11.2.2 Limitation of the Quantitative Method in Its Construction Process 11.3 Summary Appendix