The Routledge handbook of libertarianism

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Cover Half Title Series Page Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Biographical Notes Acknowledgments Introduction: Respecting and Caring Bibliography Part 1 Libertarianism and Other Theories Chapter 1 Learning from Libertarianism: Thanks from an Unrepentant Social Democrat Social Democrats and Libertarians Lesson 1: The Limits of Fairness Lesson 2: Protecting Self-Reliance Lesson 3: Value (Nonexploitive) Capitalism Lesson 4: Justice Has No Pattern Instruction and Illusion from Public Choice Theory An Invitation Notes Further Reading References Chapter 2 Toward a Non-Lockean Libertarianism Locke’s Libertarian Legacy Disagreement, Democracy, and Realism Liberty and Legitimacy Commercial Society and the Hayekian Alternative Note Further Reading References Chapter 3 Hayekian “Classical” Liberalism 1 Is There a “Classical Liberal” View? 2 Extended Complex Orders 3 The Twin Ideas 4 The Open Society and its Enemies 5 The Paradox of Moral Inquiry 6 an Evolved Complex Order Notes Further Reading References Chapter 4 Democracy Versus Libertarianism 1 Plan of the Chapter 2 Lockean Libertarianism 3 Classical Liberalism 4 Democracy Through a Libertarian Lens 5 Democracy through a Classical Liberal Lens 6 Equality 7 The Mirage of Social Justice 8 The Critique of Rent Seeking 9 Lingering Questions Further Reading References Chapter 5 Kant’s Liberalism Kant’s Account of Freedom Freedom and Coercion Kant on Justified Taxation Kant’s Liberalism Further Reading References Chapter 6 What’s Wrong with Libertarianism: A Meritocratic Diagnosis 1 Libertarianism and Meritocracy: Their Core Holdings 2 On Fair Equality of Opportunity and Personal Responsibility 3 On Justice in Economic Life 4 Remarks on Public Policy Notes Biographical Note Further Reading References Chapter 7 Liberal Libertarianism 1 Introduction 2 The Freeman Critique of Libertarianism 3 Libertarianism Reconsidered 4 How Some Libertarians Can Be Read as Illiberal 5 Conclusion Notes Further Reading References Chapter 8 Liberal and Illiberal Libertarianism 1 Liberalism and Illiberal Libertarians 2 Liberal Libertarians 3 Remarks on Liberty and Property 4 Concluding Remarks on Inalienability Notes Further Reading References Part 2 Questioning Libertarian Principles Chapter 9 Feminism and Libertarian Self-Ownership 1 Introduction 2 Libertarian Self-ownership: What is Ownership? 3 Libertarian Self-Ownership: What is the Self that Owns? 4 A Feminist Conception of Self-Ownership: Connected Self Ownership 5 A Plausibly Feminist Libertarianism Notes Further Reading References Chapter 10 Self-Love, Social Cooperation, and Justice 1 Introduction 2 The Separateness Conception 3 The Unity Conception 4 Conclusion Notes Further Reading References Chapter 11 Libertarianism and Exception Rights 1 From Moral Anarchy to Libertarian Rights 2 Two Insensitivities of Libertarianism 3 The Case for Exception Rights 4 Exception Rights and the Insensitivity Objections 5 Conclusion Notes Further Reading References Chapter 12 The Sufficiency Proviso 1 Libertarian Justice 2 The Sufficiency Proviso 3 The Sufficiency Proviso vs. Egalitarian Provisos 4 The Sufficiency Proviso vs. Nozick’s Proviso 5 The Sufficiency Proviso vs. Mack’s Proviso Notes Further Reading References Chapter 13 Liberty: A PPE Approach I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX Notes References Chapter 14 The Myths of the Self-Ownership Thesis Re-Reading Nozick A Nozickian Rejoinder to Nagel and Murphy’s Myth of Ownership The (Supposed) Trivial Incursion Problem Self-Ownership: Almost Uncontroversial Conclusion Notes Further Reading References Chapter 15 Social Contractarianism 1 Libertarianism 2 The Idea of the Social Contract 3 Rights and Consequences 4 Anarchism and Self-Government 5 Why Not Contractarianism? Notes Further Reading References Part 3 The Role of Property and the Market Chapter 16 What Can Be for Sale? 1 Defending Libertarian Political Morality 2 Objections to Markets What Can Be For Sale? Notes Further Reading Chapter 17 Property Rights: Natural or Conventional? 1 Why Natural Property Rights? 2 How Extensive is the Primitive Right? 3 Why not Pure Conventionalism? Notes Further Reading References Chapter 18 Is Wealth Redistribution a Rights Violation? 1 The Prima Facie Case 2 How the Individual’s Production Depends on Others 3 A Reductio of the Libertarian Argument? 4 The Role of the State in Defining Property Rights 5 Conclusion Notes Further Reading References Chapter 19 Free Trade: A Principle for All Seasons The Economics of Trade: Comparative Advantage The Morality of Free Trade Why Protectionism Continues to Be Popular The Absurdity of Protectionism Conclusion Notes Further Reading References Chapter 20 Are Economic Liberties Basic Rights?* 1 Introduction 2 Economic Liberties as Basic Rights 3 Three High-Liberal Routes to Basic Economic Liberties 4 Conclusion Notes Further Reading References Part 4 What Is the Role of the State? Chapter 21 Ideal Theory Public Goods Political Equality Economic Sufficiency Equal Opportunity Conclusion Notes References Chapter 22 Private Governance 1 Introduction 2 Why Private Governance Is So Common: Beyond Legal Centralism and the Deus ex Machina Theory of Law 3 Facilitating Cooperation as a Profit Opportunity 4 Examples of Private Governance in Historical and Modern Times Concluding Thoughts Notes Further Reading References Chapter 23 Libertarianism and the Welfare State 1 Introduction 2 What Libertarians Don’t Believe about Welfare 3 Moral Arguments against the Welfare State 4 Libertarians for the Welfare State 5 Conclusion Notes Further Reading References Chapter 24 Government Failure and Market Failure 1 Introduction 2 The Dominant “Market Failure” Paradigm 3 Market Failure: Public Goods, Externalities, Information, and Economies of Scale 4 Government Failure: Substantive, Procedural, and Behavioral 5 Conclusion Further Reading References Chapter 25 Freedom and Knowledge 1 The Problem of Voter Ignorance 2 The Problem of Planner Ignorance 3 The Mutually Reinforcing Nature of Voter Ignorance and Elite Ignorance 4 The Informational Advantages of Foot Voting Conclusion Notes Further Reading References Part 5 Applied Libertarian Issues Chapter 26 The Libertarian Case for Open Borders 1 Introduction 2 The Presumptive Argument For Open Borders and Common Objections 3 Freedom of Association and Ownership 4 Bad Consequences 5 Practical Implications Notes Further Reading References Chapter 27 Religion and Politics 1 Mises on Religion 2 Hayek on Religion 3 Rand on Religion 4 Rothbard on Religion 5 Why Did Libertarians Have So Little To Say? 6 A Libertarian Approach to Religion in Politics Notes Further Reading References Chapter 28 A Libertarian Approach to Medicine 1 Patients’ Rights 2 Public Officials and Self-Medication 3 Conclusion Notes Further Reading References Chapter 29 Tolerance Introduction Disagreement Runs Deep Perspectives Perspectives and Tolerance Discovery Notes Further Reading References Chapter 30 Paternalism and the Limits of Liberty Notes Further Reading References Chapter 31 Free Markets and Exploitation A Liberal Model of Exploitation3 Exploitation in Unfree Markets Exploitation in Free Markets Exploitation and Injustice A Case for Just Free Markets Notes Further Reading References Index