Medical physics : exercises and examples
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This textbookcontains acomprehensive collection of exercises in medical physics with numerous illustrations ideally suited for teaching and learning. Introductory sections summarize contents and learning targets of each chapter. " Preface Part I Physics of the Body 1 Breathing and Metabolism Overview 1.1 Breathing 1.2 Human Elevation Limits 1.3 Oxygen Transfer in the Brain 1.4 Photosynthesis 1.5 Erythrocytes: Oxygen Transport in the Body 1.6 Network Theory of the Human Breathing Apparatus 1.7 Transport Phenomena at the Cell Membrane 1.8 DielectricMeasurement of Exocytosis Processes 1.9 Diffusion and Scale Qualities 2 Biomechanics Overview 2.1 Achilles Tendon 2.2 Bone Structures of the Ulna and Radius 2.3 Ski Bindings 2.4 Elasticity of the Vertebrae 2.5 Lifting a Patient 2.6 Animal Proportions 2.7 Bones of Uniform Strength 2.8 Lifting Weights 3 Fluid Dynamics of the Circulatory System Overview 3.1 From the Aorta to the Capillaries 3.2 The Blood as a Power Fluid 3.3 Branching 3.4 Bypass 3.5 Hemorheometry Using a Rotating Sphere Viscometer 3.6 Flow Coefficients 3.7 Narrowing of the Aorta 3.8 Stepwise Narrowing of the Aorta 3.9 Blood Pressure in the Aorta 3.10 Pulsatile Blood Flow663.11 Cardiac Output 3.12 Mitral Valve Opening Surface 3.13 Dialysis 4 The Senses Overview 4.1 Information Processing 4.2 Glasses 4.3 Geometry of Glasses Lenses 4.4 Optical Illusions 4.5 Retina Implantation 4.6 Threshold of Vision of the Human Eye 4.7 Visual Angle and Resolution 4.8 The Aphakic Eye 4.9 Threshold of Hearing, and Thermal Motion in Comparison 4.10 Sound Propagation 4.11 Loudspeakers 4.12 Threshold of Hearing 4.13 Sound Interference with Point Sources 4.14 Echolocation 4.15 Impedance Matching 4.16 Acoustic Pain Threshold 5 Electric Currents, Fields, and Potential Overview 5.1 Nerve Conduction in the Giant Axons of Squid 5.2 Nerve Stimulation 5.3 Electrical Model of a Cell Membrane 5.4 Measurement of Cell Membrane Potentials 5.5 EKG and Cardiac Dipole 5.6 Electric Shock 6 Heat Overview 6.1 Skiwear 6.2 Heat Loss Part II The Physics of Diagnostics and Therapy 7 X-Ray Diagnostics and Computer Tomography Overview 7.1 Bouguer–Lambert Law1167.2 X-Ray Tubes 7.3 Spectrum of an X-Ray Tube 7.4 Intensity Attenuation 7.5 Contrast 7.6 Scattered Radiation 7.7 Quantum Noise of an X-Ray Image Intensifier 7.8 Fourier Reconstruction of an Image 7.9 Radon Transform of a Circular Object 7.10 Beam Hardening and Partial Volume Artifacts in CT 7.11 Modulation Transfer Function of a CT Scanner 8 Ultrasound Overview 8.1 Doppler Ultrasound 8.2 Impedance Matching for Sound Waves 8.3 Bats 8.4 Ultrasound Transducer Array 8.5 Material of an Ultrasonic Lens 8.6 Measurement of the Lens of the Eye using Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Technique 8.7 Ultrasound Transducers 9 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Overview 9.1 Zeeman Effect and Nuclear Spin Resonance 9.2 Magnetization and its Relaxation 9.3 NMR Pulses and the Rotating Coordinate System 9.4 Fat Signal Suppression through Inversion Recovery 9.5 Gradient Echo 9.6 Contrast in MRI Imaging 9.7 BOLD 9.8 FOV and Resolution 9.9 Slice Selection 9.10 Longitudinal Relaxation Time 9.11 Frequency and Phase Encoding 9.12 Gradient Strength and Field of View (FOV) 9.13 Muscle Stimulation Using Pulsed Gradients 9.14 Multislice Technique In Spin-Echo Procedure 9.15 Turbo Spin-Echo Sequences 9.16 Radiation Protection inMRI (HF Absorption) 10 Nuclear Diagnostics and Positron Emission Tomography Overview 10.1 Decay Reaction 10.2 Age of a Mummy 10.3 Iodine 10.4 Photomultiplier 10.5 Radionuclide Generator 10.6 Positron Emission Tomography 11 Reconstruction Techniques Overview 11.1 Discrete Fourier Transform 11.2 Transfer Function 11.3 Filtered Back Projection 12 Radiation Medicine and Protection Overview 12.1 Interactions of a High-Energy Primary Photon 12.2 Pair Production in Radiation Therapy 12.3 Compton Scattering 12.4 Radiation Damage from Potassium 12.5 Lethal Energy Dose 12.6 Fatal Dose Equivalents 12.7 Dose Burden from Milk Consumption 13 Laser Therapy Overview 13.1 Lasers in Ophthalmology 13.2 Optical Sizing of Bacteria 13.3 Small Particles in Optical Tweezers A Constants, Material Parameters, and Values A.1 Table of Values B Relevant Literature B.1 Physics B.2 Medical Physics B.3 Mathematics B.4 Medicine, Biology, and Chemistry B.5 Manuscripts and Additional References
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