Myelin: Basic and Clinical Advances

Description

This book presents the latest exciting advances in understanding of the structure and function of myelin in the central and peripheral nervous systems under normal and pathological conditions. Readers will find state of the art information from the perspectives of both basic neuroscience and clinical neurology and neuropathology. Detailed attention is paid to the findings and implications of recent research on the myelin-forming glial cells such as oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells. The discussion of myelin pathology encompasses a wide range of diseases and conditions, including, for example, multiple sclerosis, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries, brain tumors of glial cell origin, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, immune-mediated neuropathy, and diabetic neuropathy. The authors comprise researchers at the cutting edge of biotechnology and experts in the diseases discussed. The clearly written text is supported by numerous high-quality light and electron microscopy, CT, and MR images. Front Matter ....Pages i-xi Front Matter ....Pages 1-1 Cellular Signal-Regulated Schwann Cell Myelination and Remyelination (Tomohiro Torii, Yuki Miyamoto, Junji Yamauchi)....Pages 3-22 Regulatory Mechanism of Peripheral Nerve Myelination by Glutamate-Induced Signaling (Toshiyuki Araki)....Pages 23-31 Cytoskeletal Signal-Regulated Oligodendrocyte Myelination and Remyelination (Shingo Miyata)....Pages 33-42 Activity-Dependent Myelination (Daisuke Kato, Hiroaki Wake)....Pages 43-51 Heterogeneity of Oligodendrocytes and Their Precursor Cells (Chikako Hayashi, Nobuharu Suzuki)....Pages 53-62 Front Matter ....Pages 63-63 Functional Domains in Myelinated Axons (Leonid M. Yermakov, Lulu A. Hong, Domenica E. Drouet, Ryan B. Griggs, Keiichiro Susuki)....Pages 65-83 Physiology of Myelinated Nerve Conduction and Pathophysiology of Demyelination (Hessel Franssen)....Pages 85-106 Under the ECM Dome: The Physiological Role of the Perinodal Extracellular Matrix as an Ion Diffusion Barrier (Yoko Bekku, Toshitaka Oohashi)....Pages 107-122 Oligodendrocyte Physiology Modulating Axonal Excitability and Nerve Conduction (Yoshihiko Yamazaki)....Pages 123-144 Mitochondrial Dynamics in Physiology and Pathology of Myelinated Axons (Yang Sui, Huy Bang Nguyen, Truc Quynh Thai, Kazuhiro Ikenaka, Nobuhiko Ohno)....Pages 145-163 The Role of Sulfatides in Axon–Glia Interactions (Hiroko Baba, Tomoko Ishibashi)....Pages 165-179 Structures and Molecular Composition of Schmidt–Lanterman Incisures (Nobuo Terada, Yurika Saitoh, Akio Kamijo, Junji Yamauchi, Nobuhiko Ohno, Takeharu Sakamoto)....Pages 181-198 Front Matter ....Pages 199-199 Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease: Molecular and Cellular Pathologies and Associated Phenotypes (Ken Inoue)....Pages 201-216 Multiple Sclerosis (Ryo Yamasaki, Jun-ichi Kira)....Pages 217-247 Visualization of Myelin for the Diagnosis and Treatment Monitoring of Multiple Sclerosis (Jin Nakahara)....Pages 249-256 Roads to Formation of Normal Myelin Structure and Pathological Myelin Structure (Yoshio Bando)....Pages 257-264 Therapeutic Strategies for Oligodendrocyte-Mediated Remyelination (Toru Ogata)....Pages 265-279 Brain Tumors of Glial Origin (Christopher A. Waker, Robert M. Lober)....Pages 281-297 Front Matter ....Pages 299-299 Schwann Cell and the Pathogenesis of Charcot–Marie–Tooth Disease (Tatsufumi Murakami, Yoshihide Sunada)....Pages 301-321 Guillain–Barré Syndrome (Kenichi Kaida)....Pages 323-331 Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (Satoshi Kuwabara, Sonoko Misawa)....Pages 333-343 Schwann Cells as Crucial Players in Diabetic Neuropathy (Keiko Naruse)....Pages 345-356 Drug-Induced Demyelinating Neuropathies (Naoko Niimi, Shizuka Takaku, Hideji Yako, Kazunori Sango)....Pages 357-369 Transthyretin Amyloid Neuropathy: The Schwann Cell Hypothesis (Tatsufumi Murakami, Yoshihide Sunada)....Pages 371-378