Fundamentals Of Modern Physics

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Fundamentals Of Modern Physics......Page 1 Front-Flap......Page 2 Board 1......Page 3 Half-Title......Page 4 Title-Page......Page 5 Copyright......Page 7 Dedication......Page 8 Preface......Page 10 Contents......Page 12 1. What Is Modern Physics?......Page 18 2. Historical Sketch......Page 19 1. The Galilean Transformation and Classical Mechanics......Page 20 2. The Galilean Transformation and Electromagnetic Theory......Page 24 3. The Michelson-Morley Experiment......Page 26 4. Einstein's Postulates......Page 32 5. Simultaneity......Page 33 6. Kinematical Effects of Relativity......Page 36 7. The Lorentz Transformation......Page 41 8. Transformation of Velocity......Page 44 9. Relativistic Mechanics......Page 47 10. Transformation of Momentum and Energy......Page 53 11. Experimental Verification of the Theory......Page 54 EXERCISES......Page 56 1. Introduction......Page 58 2. Electromagnetic Radiation by Accelerated Charges......Page 59 3. Emission and Absorption of Radiation by Surfaces......Page 63 4. Black Body Radiation......Page 64 5. Wien's Law......Page 66 6. The Rayleigh-Jeans Theory......Page 68 7. The Boltzmann Probability Distribution......Page 74 8. Comparison with Experiment......Page 79 9. Planck's Theory......Page 80 10. Some Comments on Planck's Postulate......Page 83 EXERCISES......Page 85 1. Cathode Rays......Page 87 2. The e/m Ratio of Electrons......Page 89 3. The Charge and Mass of Electrons......Page 90 4. Bucherer's Experiment......Page 92 5. The Photoelectric Effect......Page 93 6. Classical Theory of the Photoelectric Effect......Page 95 7. Quantum Theory of the Photoelectric Effect......Page 96 8. The Compton Effect......Page 98 9. The Dual Nature of Electromagnetic Radiation......Page 102 EXERCISES......Page 103 1. Thomson's Model of the Atom......Page 104 2. Alpha Particles......Page 106 3. The Scattering of Alpha Particles......Page 108 4. Predictions of Thomson's Model......Page 109 5. Comparison with Experiment......Page 115 6. Rutherford's Model of the Atom......Page 116 7. Predictions of Rutherford's Model......Page 117 8. Experimental Verification and the Determination of Z......Page 123 9. The Size of the Nucleus......Page 124 10. A Problem......Page 125 EXERCISES......Page 126 1. Atomic Spectra......Page 127 2. Bohr's Postulates......Page 130 3. Bohr's Theory of the One-Electron Atom......Page 132 4. Correction for Finite Nuclear Mass......Page 139 5. Atomic Energy States......Page 141 6. The Wilson-Sommerfeld Quantization Rules......Page 145 7. Sommerfeld's Relativistic Theory......Page 148 8. The Correspondence Principle......Page 152 9. A Critique of the Old Quantum Theory......Page 153 BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 154 EXERCISES......Page 155 1. De Broglie's Postulate......Page 156 2. Some Properties of the Pilot Waves......Page 158 3. Experimental Confirmation of de Broglie's Postulate......Page 163 4. Interpretation of the Bohr Quantization Rule......Page 168 5. The Uncertainty Principle......Page 170 6. Some Consequences of the Uncertainty Principle......Page 176 EXERCISES......Page 180 1. Introduction......Page 181 2. The Schroedinger Equation......Page 182 3. Interpretation of the Wave Function......Page 187 4. The Time Independent Schroedinger Equation......Page 193 5. Energy Quantization in the Schroedinger Theory......Page 195 6. Mathematical Properties of the Wave Functions and Eigenfunctions......Page 201 7. The Classical Theory of Transverse Waves in a Stretched String......Page 209 8. Expectation Values and Differential Operators......Page 218 9. The Classical Limit of Quantum Mechanics......Page 223 EXERCISES......Page 227 1. The Free Particle......Page 229 2. Step Potentials......Page 238 3. Barrier Potentials......Page 248 4. Square Well Potentials......Page 256 5. The Infinite Square Well......Page 268 6. The Simple Harmonic Oscillator......Page 273 EXERCISES......Page 283 2. Time Independent Perturbations......Page 285 3. An Example......Page 291 4. The Treatment of Degeneracies......Page 295 5. Time Dependent Perturbation Theory......Page 302 EXERCISES......Page 308 1. Quantum Mechanics for Several Dimensions and Several Particles......Page 310 2. The One-Electron Atom......Page 312 3. Separation and Solution of the Equation of Relative Motion......Page 315 4. Quantum Numbers, Eigenvalues, and Degeneracy......Page 319 5. Eigenfunctions and Probability Densities......Page 321 6. Angular Momentum Operators......Page 330 7. Eigenvalue Equations......Page 335 8. Angular Momentum of One-Electron-Atom Eigenfunctions......Page 340 EXERCISES......Page 342 1. Orbital Magnetic Moments......Page 344 2. Effects of an External Magnetic Field......Page 347 3. The Stern-Gerlach Experiment and Electron Spin......Page 351 4. The Spin-Orbit Interaction......Page 355 5. Total Angular Momentum......Page 363 6. Relativistic Corrections for One-Electron Atoms......Page 370 EXERCISES......Page 375 1. Quantum Mechanical Description of Identical Particles......Page 377 2. Symmetric and Antisymmetric Eigenfunctions......Page 380 3. The Exclusion Principle......Page 382 4. Additional Properties of Antisymmetric Eigenfunctions......Page 386 5. The Helium Atom......Page 390 6. The Fermi Gas......Page 398 EXERCISES......Page 407 1. Introduction......Page 408 2. The Thomas-Fermi Theory......Page 410 3. The Hartree Theory......Page 413 The Periodic Table of the Elements TABLE (13-1)......Page 423 4. The Periodic Table......Page 424 5. Excited States of Atoms......Page 431 6. Alkali Atoms......Page 435 7. Atoms with Several Optically Active Electrons......Page 442 8. LS Coupling......Page 445 9. JJ Coupling......Page 458 10. The Zeeman Effect......Page 460 11. Hyperfine Structure......Page 466 12. Transition Rates and Selection Rules......Page 470 13. Lifetimes and Line Widths......Page 485 BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 489 EXERCISES......Page 490 1. The Discovery of X-rays......Page 492 2. Measurement of X-ray Spectra......Page 493 3. X-ray Line Spectra......Page 500 4. X-ray Continuum Spectra......Page 506 5. The Scattering of X-rays......Page 510 6. The Photoelectric Effect and Pair Production......Page 522 7. Total Cross Sections and Attenuation Coefficients......Page 526 8. Positrons and Other Antiparticles......Page 530 EXERCISES......Page 534 1. Introduction......Page 535 2. Laboratory-Center of Mass Transformations......Page 536 3. The Born Approximation......Page 541 4. Some Applications of the Born Approximation......Page 547 5. PartialWave Analysis......Page 551 6. Some Applications of Partial Wave Analysis......Page 563 7. Absorption......Page 571 EXERCISES......Page 575 1. Introduction......Page 576 2. The Composition of Nuclei......Page 578 3. Nuclear Sizes and the Optical Model......Page 582 4. Nuclear Masses and Abundances......Page 597 5. The Liquid Drop Model and the Semi-empirical Mass Formula......Page 606 6. Magic Numbers......Page 609 7. The Fermi Gas Model......Page 611 8. The Shell Model......Page 616 9. The Collective Model......Page 621 10. Alpha Decay and Fission......Page 626 11. Beta Decay......Page 637 12. Gamma Decay and Internal Conversion......Page 657 13. Properties of Excited States......Page 672 14. Nuclear Reactions......Page 679 15. Nuclear Forces......Page 691 16. Mesons......Page 711 BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 720 EXERCISES......Page 721 Index......Page 724 Board 2......Page 748 Back-Flap......Page 749 C2......Page 750