Human Anatomy

Description

ALERT: Before you purchase, check with your instructor or review your course syllabus to ensure that you select the correct ISBN. Several versions of Pearson's MyLab & Mastering products exist for each title, including customized versions for individual schools, and registrations are not transferable. In addition, you may need a CourseID, provided by your instructor, to register for and use Pearson's MyLab & Mastering products. Packages Access codes for Pearson's MyLab & Mastering products may not be included when purchasing or renting from companies other than Pearson; check with the seller before completing your purchase. Used or rental books If you rent or purchase a used book with an access code, the access code may have been redeemed previously and you may have to purchase a new access code. Access codes Access codes that are purchased from sellers other than Pearson carry a higher risk of being either the wrong ISBN or a previously redeemed code. Check with the seller prior to purchase. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Key Benefit: For those taking the one-semester Human Anatomy course Praised for its atlas-style format, appropriately detailed anatomical illustrations, and exceptionally clear photographs of tissues and cadavers, Human Anatomy is now more visual and interactive. The Eighth Edition includes new one- and two-page Spotlight Figures that seamlessly integrate text and visuals to guide students through complex topics. New QR codes let you use a smart phones to link directly from figures in the book to figures in the Practice Anatomy Lab(tm) (PAL(tm)) virtual anatomy program, giving you additional views for learning bones and muscles. The end-of-chapter Study Outlines now have memory-triggering visuals to help you remember chapter content. And the Eighth Edition now integrates book content with MasteringA&P® through expanded Coaching Activities. This program presents a better teaching and learning experience and provides: Personalized Learning with MasteringA&P: Become engaged with new Spotlight Figure Coaching Activities and a wide range of other question and activity types -- all automatically graded. Text-art Integration: New one- and two-page Spotlight Figures seamlessly integrate text and visuals to guide you through complex topics. You can study the Spotlight Figures in the book, and then instructors can assign them in MasteringA&P. Text-media integration: New QR codes in the chapters on the skeletal and muscular systems let you use your smart phones to link directly from figures in the book to figures in the Practice Anatomy Lab (PAL) virtual anatomy program, giving them additional views to help you learn bones and muscles. Ti me-saving Navigation and Study Tools: Navigate through difficult human anatomy topics through both the book and MasteringA&P. Note: You are purchasing a standalone product; MasteringA&P does not come packaged with this content. If you would like to purchase both the physical text and MasteringA&P search for ISBN-10: 0321902858 / ISBN-13: 9780321902856. That package includes ISBN-10: 0321883322 /ISBN-13: 9780321883322 and ISBN-10: 0321905601 / ISBN-13: 9780321905604. MasteringA&P is not a self-paced technology and should only be purchased when required by an instructor. Cover Title Page Copyright Page Preface Acknowledgments Contents 1 Foundations: An Introduction to Anatomy 1.1 Microscopic Anatomy 1.2 Gross Anatomy 1.3 Other Perspectives on Anatomy 1.4 Levels of Organization 1.5 An Introduction to Organ Systems 1.6 The Language of Anatomy Superficial Anatomy Sectional Anatomy Clinical Notes: Disease, Pathology, and Diagnosis The Diagnosis of Disease The Visible Human Project Clinical Anatomy and Technology Clinical Terms Study Outline Chapter Review 2 Foundations: The Cell 2.1 Cellular Anatomy The Plasmalemma The Cytoplasm Nonmembranous Organelles Membranous Organelles Membrane Flow 2.2 Intercellular Attachment 2.3 The Cell Life Cycle Interphase Mitosis Spotlights: Membrane Permeability: Active and Passive Processes Functions of the Golgi Apparatus Mitosis Hot Topics: Targeting Lysosomes Beneficial in Breast Cancer Treatment Clinical Note: Cell Division and Cancer Clinical Terms Study Outline Chapter Review 3 Foundations: Tissues and Early Embryology 3.1 Epithelial Tissue Functions of Epithelial Tissue Specializations of Epithelial Cells Maintaining the Integrity of the Epithelium Classification of Epithelia Glandular Epithelia 3.2 Connective Tissues Classification of Connective Tissues Connective Tissue Proper Fluid Connective Tissues Supporting Connective Tissues 3.3 Membranes Mucous Membranes Serous Membranes The Cutaneous Membrane Synovial Membranes 3.4 The Connective Tissue Framework of the Body 3.5 Muscle Tissue Skeletal Muscle Tissue Cardiac Muscle Tissue Smooth Muscle Tissue 3.6 Neural Tissue 3.7 Tissues and Aging 3.8 Summary of Early Embryology Spotlight: Mechanisms of Glandular Secretion Clinical Notes: Liposuction Cartilages and Knee Injuries Tumor Formation and Growth Hot Topics: Rebuilding the Damaged Heart Clinical Terms Study Outline Chapter Review 4 The Integumentary System 4.1 Integumentary Structure and Function 4.2 The Epidermis Layers of the Epidermis Thick and Thin Skin 4.3 The Dermis Dermal Organization Other Dermal Components 4.4 The Subcutaneous Layer 4.5 Accessory Structures Hair Follicles and Hair Glands in the Skin Nails 4.6 Local Control of Integumentary Function 4.7 Aging and the Integumentary System Clinical Notes: Disorders of Keratin Production Skin Cancer Acne and Seborrheic Dermatitis Repairing Injuries to the Skin Hot Topics: Improvements in Skin Graft Surgery Clinical Terms Study Outline Chapter Review 5 The Skeletal System: Osseous Tissue and Skeletal Structure 5.1 Structure and Function of Bone The Histological Organization of Mature Bone Compact and Spongy Bone The Periosteum and Endosteum 5.2 Bone Development and Growth Intramembranous Ossification Endochondral Ossification Formation of the Blood and Lymphatic Supply Bone Innervation Factors Regulating Bone Growth 5.3 Bone Maintenance, Remodeling, and Repair Remodeling of Bone Injury and Repair Aging and the Skeletal System 5.4 Anatomy of Skeletal Elements Classification of Bones Bone Markings (Surface Features) 5.5 Integration with Other Systems Spotlights: Intramembranous Ossification Endochondral Ossification Clinical Notes: Congenital Disorders of the Skeleton Fractures and their Repair Osteoporosis and Age-Related Skeletal Abnormalities Examination of the Skeletal System Hot Topics: New Research Findings May Help Osteoporosis Clinical Terms Study Outline Chapter Review 6 The Skeletal System: Axial Division 6.1 The Skull and Associated Bones 6.2 Sutures of the Skull 6.3 Bones of the Cranium Occipital Bone Parietal Bones Frontal Bone Temporal Bones Sphenoid Ethmoid The Cranial Fossae 6.4 Bones of the Face The Maxillae The Palatine Bones The Nasal Bones The Inferior Nasal Conchae The Zygomatic Bones The Lacrimal Bones The Vomer The Mandible 6.5 The Orbital and Nasal Complexes and the Hyoid Bone The Orbital Complex The Nasal Complex The Hyoid Bone 6.6 The Skulls of Infants, Children, and Adults 6.7 The Vertebral Column Spinal Curves Vertebral Anatomy Vertebral Regions 6.8 The Thoracic Cage The Ribs The Sternum Clinical Notes: Kyphosis, Lordosis, and Scoliosis Spina Bifida Cracked Ribs The Thoracic Cage and Surgical Procedures Clinical Terms Study Outline Chapter Review 7 The Skeletal System: Appendicular Division 7.1 The Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limb The Pectoral Girdle The Upper Limb 7.2 The Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb The Pelvic Girdle The Lower Limb 7.3 Individual Variation in the Skeletal System Clinical Notes: Scaphoid Fractures Women and Sports Injuries Problems with the Ankle and Foot Clinical Terms Study Outline Chapter Review 8 The Skeletal System: Articulations 8.1 Classification of Joints Synarthroses (Immovable Joints) Amphiarthroses (Slightly Movable Joints) Diarthroses (Freely Movable Synovial Joints) 8.2 Articular Form and Function Describing Dynamic Motion and the Structural Classification of Synovial Joints Types of Movements 8.3 The Temporomandibular Joint 8.4 Intervertebral Articulations Zygapophysial Joints The Intervertebral Discs Intervertebral Ligaments Vertebral Movements 8.5 The Shoulder Complex The Sternoclavicular Joint The Shoulder Joint 8.6 The Elbow and Radioulnar Joints The Elbow Joint The Radioulnar Joints 8.7 The Joints of the Wrist and Hand The Joints of the Wrist The Joints of the Hand 8.8 The Hip Joint The Articular Capsule Stabilization of the Hip 8.9 The Knee Joint The Articular Capsule Supporting Ligaments Locking of the Knee 8.10 The Joints of the Ankle and Foot The Ankle Joint The Joints of the Foot 8.11 Aging and Articulations 8.12 Bones and Muscles Spotlight: Joint Motion Clinical Notes: Dislocation of a Synovial Joint Problems with the Intervertebral Discs Shoulder Injuries Knee Injuries Ankle Injuries Clinical Terms Study Outline Chapter Review 9 The Muscular System: Skeletal Muscle Tissue and Muscle Organization 9.1 Functions of Skeletal Muscle 9.2 Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles Gross Anatomy Microanatomy of Skeletal Muscle Fibers Myofibrils and Myofilaments 9.3 Muscle Contraction The Sliding Filament Theory The Neural Control of Muscle Fiber Contraction Muscle Contraction: A Summary 9.4 Motor Units and Muscle Control Muscle Tone Muscle Hypertrophy Muscle Atrophy 9.5 Types of Skeletal Muscle Fibers Distribution of Fast, Slow, and Intermediate Fibers 9.6 The Organization of Skeletal Muscle Fibers Parallel Muscles Convergent Muscles Pennate Muscles Circular Muscles 9.7 Muscle Terminology Origins and Insertions Actions Names of Skeletal Muscles 9.8 Levers and Pulleys: A System Designed for Movement 9.9 Aging and the Muscular System Spotlights: Sliding Filament Theory Levers and Pulleys Clinical Notes: Fibromyalgia Rigor Mortis Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness Clinical Terms Study Outline Chapter Review 10 The Muscular System: Axial Musculature 10.1 The Four Groups of Axial Muscles 10.2 Muscles of the Head and Neck Muscles of Facial Expression Extra-Ocular Muscles Muscles of Mastication Muscles of the Tongue Muscles of the Pharynx Anterior Muscles of the Neck 10.3 Muscles of the Vertebral Column The Superficial Layer of the Intrinsic Back Muscles The Intermediate Layer of the Intrinsic Back Muscles The Deep Layer of the Intrinsic Back Muscles Spinal Flexors 10.4 Oblique and Rectus Muscles The Diaphragm 10.5 Muscles of the Perineum and the Pelvic Diaphragm Clinical Note: Hernias Hot Topics: Anatomy of Temporalis Muscle Revised Clinical Terms Study Outline Chapter Review 11 The Muscular System: Appendicular Musculature 11.1 Factors Affecting Appendicular Muscle Function 11.2 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limb Muscles that Position the Pectoral Girdle Muscles that Move the Arm Muscles that Move the Forearm and Hand Muscles that Move the Hand and Fingers 11.3 Compartments and Sectional Anatomy of the Arm and Forearm 11.4 Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs Muscles that Move the Thigh Muscles that Move the Leg Muscles that Move the Foot and Toes 11.5 Compartments and Sectional Anatomy of the Thigh and Leg Spotlight: Factors Affecting Appendicular Muscle Function Clinical Notes: Sports Injuries Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Hamstring Injuries Compartment Syndrome Clinical Terms Study Outline Chapter Review 12 Surface Anatomy and Cross-Sectional Anatomy 12.1 A Regional Approach to Surface Anatomy The Head and Neck The Thorax The Abdomen The Upper Limb The Arm, Forearm, and Wrist The Pelvis and Lower Limb The Leg and Foot 12.2 Cross-Sectional Anatomy Level of the Optic Chiasm Cross Section of the Head at the Level of C[sub(2)] Cross Section at the Level of Vertebra T[sub(2)] Cross Section at the Level of Vertebra T[sub(8)] Cross Section at the Level of Vertebra T[sub(10)] Cross Section at the Level of Vertebra T[sub(12)] Cross Section at the Level of Vertebra L[sub(5)] Clinical Notes: Heart Sounds Lumbar Puncture Venipuncture Femoral Artery 13 The Nervous System: Neural Tissue 13.1 An Overview of the Nervous System 13.2 Cellular Organization in Neural Tissue 13.3 Neuroglia Neuroglia of the CNS Neuroglia of the PNS 13.4 Neurons Neuron Classification 13.5 Neural Regeneration 13.6 The Nerve Impulse 13.7 Synaptic Communication Vesicular Synapses Nonvesicular Synapses 13.8 Neuron Organization and Processing 13.9 Anatomical Organization of the Nervous System Spotlight: Myelination Clinical Note: The Symptoms of Neurological Disorders Hot Topics: Altered Astrocyte Function and Brain Disorders Study Outline Chapter Review 14 The Nervous System: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves 14.1 Gross Anatomy of the Spinal Cord 14.2 Spinal Meninges The Dura Mater The Arachnoid Mater The Pia Mater 14.3 Sectional Anatomy of the Spinal Cord Organization of Gray Matter Organization of White Matter 14.4 Spinal Nerves Peripheral Distribution of Spinal Nerves 14.5 Nerve Plexuses The Cervical Plexus The Brachial Plexus The Lumbar and Sacral Plexuses 14.6 Reflexes Classification of Reflexes Spinal Reflexes Higher Centers and Integration of Reflexes Spotlights: The Cervical and Brachial Plexuses The Lumbar and Sacral Plexuses Clinical Notes: Spinal Cord Injuries Peripheral Neuropathies Spinal Taps and Spinal Anesthesia Clinical Terms Study Outline Chapter Review 15 The Nervous System: Sensory and Motor Tracts of the Spinal Cord 15.1 Organization and Patterns of Spinal Cord Tracts 15.2 Sensory Tracts The Posterior Columns The Spinothalamic Tract The Spinocerebellar Tracts 15.3 Motor Tracts The Corticospinal Tracts The Subconscious Motor Pathways 15.4 Levels of Somatic Motor Control Spotlight: Organization of Spinal Cord Tracts Clinical Note: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Hot Topics: Experiments Demonstrate Restored Voluntary Control of Locomotion after Paralyzing Spinal Cord Injury Clinical Terms Study Outline Chapter Review 16 The Nervous System: The Brain and Cranial Nerves 16.1 An Introduction to the Organization of the Brain Embryology of the Brain Major Regions and Landmarks Gray Matter and White Matter Organization The Ventricular System of the Brain 16.2 Protection and Support of the Brain The Cranial Meninges The Blood–Brain Barrier Cerebrospinal Fluid The Blood Supply to the Brain 16.3 The Medulla Oblongata 16.4 The Pons 16.5 The Mesencephalon 16.6 The Diencephalon The Epithalamus The Thalamus The Hypothalamus 16.7 The Cerebellum 16.8 The Cerebrum The Cerebral Hemispheres Higher-Order Functions The Central White Matter The Basal Nuclei The Limbic System 16.9 The Cranial Nerves The Olfactory Nerve (N I) The Optic Nerve (N II) The Oculomotor Nerve (N III) The Trochlear Nerve (N IV) The Trigeminal Nerve (N V) The Abducens Nerve (N VI) The Facial Nerve (N VII) The Vestibulocochlear Nerve (N VIII) The Glossopharyngeal Nerve (N IX) The Vagus Nerve (N X) The Accessory Nerve (N XI) The Hypoglossal Nerve (N XII) A Summary of Cranial Nerve Branches and Functions Clinical Notes: Traumatic Brain Injuries Cerebellar Dysfunction Hydrocephalus Damage to the Integrative Centers The Substantia Nigra and Parkinson's Disease Alzheimer's Disease Tic Douloureux Bell's Palsy Cranial Reflexes Hot Topics: Physical Activity Increases the Plasticity in the Brain Clinical Terms Study Outline Chapter Review 17 The Nervous System: Autonomic Nervous System 17.1 A Comparison of the Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Subdivisions of the ANS 17.2 The Sympathetic Division The Sympathetic Chain Ganglia Splanchnic Nerves and Collateral Ganglia The Suprarenal Medullae Effects of Sympathetic Stimulation Sympathetic Activation and Neurotransmitter Release Plasmalemma Receptors and Sympathetic Function A Summary of the Sympathetic Division 17.3 The Parasympathetic Division Organization and Anatomy of the Parasympathetic Division General Functions of the Parasympathetic Division Parasympathetic Activation and Neurotransmitter Release A Summary of the Parasympathetic Division 17.4 Relationships between the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions Anatomy of Dual Innervation A Comparison of the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions Visceral Reflexes Spotlight: An Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System Clinical Notes: Hypersensitivity and Sympathetic Function Urinary Bladder Dysfunction following Spinal Cord Injury Clinical Terms Study Outline Chapter Review 18 The Nervous System: General and Special Senses 18.1 Receptors Interpretation of Sensory Information Central Processing and Adaptation Sensory Limitations 18.2 The General Senses Nociceptors Thermoreceptors Mechanoreceptors Chemoreceptors 18.3 Olfaction (Smell) Olfactory Receptors Olfactory Pathways Olfactory Discrimination 18.4 Gustation (Taste) Gustatory Receptors Gustatory Pathways Gustatory Discrimination 18.5 Equilibrium and Hearing The External Ear The Middle Ear The Inner Ear Hearing Auditory Pathways 18.6 Vision Accessory Structures of the Eye The Eye Visual Pathways Clinical Notes: Otitis Media and Mastoiditis Nystagmus Hearing Loss Disorders of the Eye Hot Topics: Visual Cortex Reorganizes in Blind Individuals Clinical Terms Study Outline Chapter Review 19 The Endocrine System 19.1 An Overview of the Endocrine System The Hypothalamus and Endocrine Regulation 19.2 The Pituitary Gland The Neurohypophysis The Adenohypophysis 19.3 The Thyroid Gland Thyroid Follicles and Thyroid Hormones The C Thyrocytes of the Thyroid Gland 19.4 The Parathyroid Glands 19.5 The Thymus 19.6 The Suprarenal Glands The Cortex of the Suprarenal Gland The Medulla of the Suprarenal Gland 19.7 Endocrine Functions of the Kidneys and Heart 19.8 The Pancreas and Other Endocrine Tissues of the Digestive System The Pancreas 19.9 Endocrine Tissues of the Reproductive System Testes Ovaries 19.10 The Pineal Gland 19.11 Hormones and Aging Spotlight: Neuroendocrine Integration: The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland Clinical Notes: Diabetes Insipidus Diabetes Mellitus Endocrine Disorders Hot Topics: Jet Lag in Athletes Clinical Terms Study Outline Chapter Review 20 The Cardiovascular System: Blood 20.1 Functions and Composition of the Blood Plasma Differences between Plasma and Interstitial Fluid 20.2 Formed Elements Red Blood Cells (RBCs) Leukocytes Granular Leukocytes Platelets 20.3 Hemopoiesis Erythropoiesis Leukopoiesis Clinical Note: Disorders of the Blood, Blood Doping, and Treatments for Blood Disorders Clinical Terms Study Outline Chapter Review 21 The Cardiovascular System: The Heart 21.1 An overview of the Cardiovascular System 21.2 The Pericardium 21.3 Structure of the Heart Wall Cardiac Muscle Tissue The Fibrous Skeleton 21.4 Orientation and Superficial Anatomy of the Heart 21.5 Internal Anatomy and Organization of the Heart The Right Atrium The Right Ventricle The Left Atrium The Left Ventricle Structural Differences between the Left and Right Ventricles The Structure and Function of Heart Valves 21.6 Coronary Blood Vessels The Right Coronary Artery The Left Coronary Artery The Coronary Veins 21.7 The Coordination of Cardiac Contractions The Sinoatrial and Atrioventricular Nodes 21.8 The Cardiac Cycle 21.9 Autonomic Control of Heart Rate Spotlight: The Conducting System and the Cardiac Cycle Clinical Notes: Infection and Inflammation of the Heart Mitral Valve Prolapse Coronary Artery Disease Cardiac Arrhythmias, Artificial Pacemakers, and Myocardial Infarctions Hot Topics: How Does the Heart Pump So Forcibly? Clinical Terms Study Outline Chapter Review 22 The Cardiovascular System: Vessels and Circulation 22.1 Histological Organization of Blood Vessels Distinguishing Arteries from Veins Arteries Capillaries Capillary Beds Veins 22.2 The Distribution of Blood 22.3 Blood Vessel Distribution 22.4 The Pulmonary Circuit 22.5 Systemic Arteries The Ascending Aorta The Descending Aorta 22.6 Systemic Veins The Superior Vena Cava The Inferior Vena Cava 22.7 Cardiovascular Changes at Birth 22.8 Aging and the Cardiovascular System Spotlight: The Structure of Blood Vessels Clinical Notes: Arteriosclerosis Repair of an Aortic Aneurysm Congenital Cardiovascular Problems Clinical Terms Study Outline Chapter Review 23 The Lymphatic System 23.1 An Overview of the Lymphatic System Functions of the Lymphatic System 23.2 Structure of Lymphatic Vessels Lymphatic Capillaries Valves of Lymphatic Vessels 23.3 Major Lymph-Collecting Vessels The Thoracic Duct The Right Lymphatic Duct 23.4 Lymphocytes Types of Lymphocytes Lymphocytes and the Immune Response Distribution and Life Span of Lymphocytes Lymphopoiesis: Lymphocyte Production 23.5 Lymphoid Tissues 23.6 Lymphoid Organs Lymph Nodes The Thymus The Spleen 23.7 Aging and the Lymphatic System Spotlight: Lymphocyte Formation and Immunity Clinical Notes: Infected Lymphoid Nodules Lymphadenopathy and Metastatic Cancer Lyme Disease Lymphomas Hot Topics: Research Tries to Develop Ways to Make the Thymus Young Again Clinical Terms Study Outline Chapter Review 24 The Respiratory System 24.1 An Overview of the Respiratory System and Respiratory Tract Functions of the Respiratory System The Respiratory Epithelium 24.2 The Upper Respiratory System The Nose and Nasal Cavity The Pharynx 24.3 The Lower Respiratory System The Larynx 24.4 The Trachea 24.5 The Primary Bronchi 24.6 The Lungs Lobes and Fissures of the Lungs Lung Surfaces The Pulmonary Bronchi The Bronchioles Alveolar Ducts and Alveoli The Blood Supply to the Lungs 24.7 The Pleural Cavities and Pleural Membranes 24.8 Respiratory Muscles and Pulmonary Ventilation Respiratory Muscles 24.9 Respiratory Changes at Birth 24.10 Respiratory Centers of the Brain 24.11 Aging and the Respiratory System Spotlight: Respiratory Muscles and Pulmonary Ventilation Clinical Notes: Cystic Fibrosis Tracheal Blockage Lung Cancer Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) Hot Topics: Role of Respiratory Tract Mucus in Combating Respiration Infections Clinical Terms Study Outline Chapter Review 25 The Digestive System 25.1 An Overview of the Digestive System Histological Organization of the Digestive Tract Muscularis Layers and the Movement of Digestive Materials The Peritoneum 25.2 The Oral Cavity Anatomy of the Oral Cavity 25.3 The Pharynx The Swallowing Process 25.4 The Esophagus Histology of the Esophageal Wall 25.5 The Stomach Anatomy of the Stomach Histology of the Stomach Regulation of the Stomach 25.6 The Small Intestine Regions of the Small Intestine Support of the Small Intestine Histology of the Small Intestine Regulation of the Small Intestine 25.7 The Large Intestine The Cecum The Colon The Rectum Histology of the Large Intestine Regulation of the Large Intestine 25.8 Accessory Glandular Digestive Organs The Liver The Gallbladder The Pancreas 25.9 Aging and the Digestive System Spotlight: Anatomy of the Stomach Clinical Notes: Peritonitis Mumps Achalasia, Esophagitis, and GERD Radiologic Examination of the Stomach Gastritis and Peptic Ulcers Hot Topics: How Computer Software Can Assist Surgeons as They Prepare for Liver Surgery Clinical Terms Study Outline Chapter Review 26 The Urinary System 26.1 The Kidneys Superficial Anatomy of the Kidney Sectional Anatomy of the Kidney The Blood Supply to the Kidneys Innervation of the Kidneys Histology of the Kidney 26.2 Structures for Urine Transport, Storage, and Elimination The Ureters The Urinary Bladder The Urethra The Micturition Reflex and Urination 26.3 Aging and the Urinary System Spotlight: The Renal Corpuscle Clinical Notes: Advances in the Treatment of Renal Failure Problems with the Conducting System Urinary Tract Infections Hot Topics: Podocytes May Trigger Pathological Changes in Glomerular Capillaries Clinical Terms Study Outline Chapter Review 27 The Reproductive System 27.1 Organization of the Reproductive System 27.2 Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System The Testes Anatomy of a Spermatozoon The Male Reproductive Tract The Accessory Glands Semen The Penis 27.3 Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System The Ovaries The Uterine Tubes The Uterus The Vagina The External Genitalia The Mammary Glands Pregnancy and the Female Reproductive System 27.4 Aging and the Reproductive System Menopause The Male Climacteric Clinical Notes: Testicular Cancer Ovarian Cancer Uterine Cancers Breast Cancer Hot Topics: Blood-Testis Barrier Is More Complex than Originally Thought Clinical Terms Study Outline Chapter Review 28 The Reproductive System: Embryology and Human Development 28.1 An Overview of Development 28.2 Fertilization The Oocyte at Ovulation Pronucleus Formation and Amphimixis 28.3 Prenatal Development The First Trimester The Second and Third Trimesters 28.4 Labor and Delivery Stages of Labor Premature Labor 28.5 The Neonatal Period 28.6 Embryology of Organ Systems The Development of the Integumentary System The Development of the Skull The Development of the Vertebral Column The Development of the Appendicular Skeleton The Development of the Muscles The Development of the Nervous System The Development of the Spinal Cord, Part I The Development of the Spinal Cord, Part II The Development of the Brain, Part I The Development of the Brain, Part II The Development of Special Sense Organs, Part I The Development of Special Sense Organs, Part II The Development of the Endocrine System, Part I The Development of the Endocrine System, Part II The Development of the Heart The Development of the Cardiovascular System The Development of the Lymphatic System The Development of the Respiratory System, Part I The Development of the Respiratory System, Part II The Development of the Digestive System, Part I The Development of the Digestive System, Part II The Development of the Urinary System, Part I The Development of the Urinary System, Part II The Development of the Reproductive System The Development of the Reproductive System Clinical Notes: Complexity and Perfection Teratogens and Abnormal Development Forceps Deliveries and Breech Births Hot Topics: Are Breech Births a Predictor of Congenital Anomalies? Clinical Terms Study Outline Chapter Review Answers to Concept Check and Chapter Review Questions Appendices Foreign Word Roots, Prefixes, Suffixes, and Combining Forms Eponyms in Common Use Glossary of Key Terms A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Credits Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z An original upload by [stormrg]