Electrical Distribution Systems

Description

Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Contents Preface Chapter 1—Power System Fundamentals Brief History of Electrical Power Systems The Systems Concept Basic System Functions A Simple Electrical System Example The Electrical Power System Energy, Work and Power Electrical Safety Chapter 2—Basics of Electrical Circuits Review of Direct Current (DC) Electrical Circuits Review of Alternating Current (AC) Circuits Vectors Impedance in AC Circuits Chapter 3—Power Relationships in Electrical Circuits Power in DC Electrical Circuits Power in AC Electrical Circuits Power Relationships in Three Phase AC Circuits Load Characteristics Power Factor Correction Capacitors for Power Factor Correction Balanced Three Phase Loads Unbalanced Three Phase Loads Chapter 4—Electrical Power Production Systems Supply and Demand Plant Load and Capacity Factor Fossil Fuel Systems Hydroelectric Systems Pumped Storage Hydroelectric Systems Nuclear Fission Systems Location of Power Plants Electrical Load Requirements Electrical Load Demand Control Alternative Power Systems Single Phase AC Power Systems Single Phase AC Generators Three Phase AC Generators Frequency of AC Power Systems Voltage Regulation Efficiency Direct Current (DC) Power Systems Chapter 5—Power Distribution System Fundamentals Power System Basics Overview of Electrical Power Distribution Power Transmission and Distribution Underground Distribution High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Distribution Cryogenic Cable Parallel Operation of Power Systems Radial, Ring and Network Distribution Systems Transformers for Distribution Systems Transformer Efficiency and Losses Step-Up and Step-Down Transformers Transformer Voltage and Current Relationships Multiple-Secondary Transformers Autotransformers Current Transformers Transformer Polarity and Ratings Transformer Malfunctions Chapter 6—Conductors and Insulators in Electrical Distribution Systems Conductor Characteristics Conductor Types Conductor Area Resistance of Conductors Conductor Sizes and Types Ampacity of Conductors The National Electric Code Ampacity Tables Use of Insulation in Power Distribution Systems Chapter 7—Power Distribution Equipment Equipment Used at Substations High Voltage Fuses High Voltage Circuit Breakers High Voltage Disconnect Switches Lightning Arresters High Voltage Insulators and Conductors Substation Location Voltage Regulators Power System Protective Equipment Motor Fault Current Protection Chapter 8—Electrical Distribution Inside Buildings Raceways Feeder Lines and Branch Circuits Switching Equipment Distribution Panelboards Low Voltage Switchgear The Electrical Service Entrance Service Entrance Terminology Power Distribution System Components Chapter 9—Single Phase and Three Phase Distribution Systems Single Phase Systems Three Phase Systems Three Phase Transformer Connections Types of Three Phase Systems Grounding of Distribution Systems System Grounding Equipment Grounding Ground-Fault Protection Wiring Design Considerations for Distribution Systems National Electric Code Use Electrical Inspections Voltage Drop in Electrical Conductors Voltage Drop Calculations Using Conductor Tables Alternative Method of Voltage Drop Calculation Branch Circuit Design Considerations Voltage Drop in Branch Circuits Branch Circuit Wiring Feeder Circuit Design Considerations Determining Grounding Conductor Size Parts of Interior Electrical Wiring Systems Chapter 10—Distribution Considerations for Heating Systems Basic Heating Loads Electric Welding Loads Considerations for Electric Welders SCR Control Electric Heating and Air Conditioning Systems Electric Heating and Cooling Systems Lighting Systems Incandescent Lighting Fluorescent Lighting Vapor Lighting Street Lighting Comparison of Light Sources Electric Lighting Circuits Branch Circuit Design Lighting Fixture Design Factors in Determining Light Output Considerations for Electric Lighting Systems Mechanical Systems Basic Motor Principles Direct Current Motors Single Phase Alternating Current Motors Three Phase Alternating Current Motors Electrical Motor Applications Considerations for Mechanical (Motor) Loads Chapter 11—Control Devices used with Distribution Systems Power Control Standards, Symbols and Definitions Power Control Using Switches Control Equipment for Electric Motors Other Electromechanical Power Control Equipment Electronic Power Control Basic Control Systems Motor Starting Systems Specialized Control Systems Frequency Conversion Systems Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) Chapter 12—Power Measurement Equipment Measurement Systems Measuring Electrical Power Measuring Electrical Energy Measuring Three Phase Electrical Energy Measuring Power Factor Power Demand Meters Frequency Measurement Ground Fault Indicators Megohmmeters Clamp-On Meters Telemetering Systems Chapter 13—Distribution System Considerations Economic Considerations Power Management Load Economic Considerations Demand Factor Load Factor Diversity Factor Factors that affect Electric Bills Energy Conservation and Environmental Considerations Electrical Power Quality Power Quality Problems Voltage Variations Overvoltages and Undervoltages Transients Transient Voltage Surge Suppressors Noise Harmonics Electromagnetic Radiation Electromagnetic Interference Brownouts Blackouts Solving Power Quality Problems Surge Protection Power Conditioning Back-Up Power Supplies Automatic Transfer Switches Monitoring Power Quality Appendix A—Important Terms Appendix B—Electrical Symbols Appendix C—Trigonometry for Electrical Power Systems Appendix D—Professional Organizations Index