Atlas of Dermatology, Dermatopathology and Venereology: Cutaneous Anatomy, Biology and Inherited Disorders and General Dermatologic Concepts

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Bringing together thousands of the best dermatologic clinical and pathological photographs and figures from researchers and scientists around the world, this volume focuses on the most prevalent dermatologic disorders as they relate to cutaneous infectious and neoplastic conditions and procedural dermatology. It includes atypical presentations of various disorders, giving insight into differential diagnoses, helping to familiarize the reader with some of the rarest dermatologic disorders.  Atlas of Dermatology, Dermatopathology and Venereology Volume 3 is written for dermatologists, dermatopathologists, and residents and summarizes data regarding any dermatologic disorder and syndrome. Each entry includes an introduction, clinical and pathological manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment and prognosis.  div> Read more Read less (function(f) {var _np=(window.P._namespace("bookDescription"));if(_np.guardFatal){_np.guardFatal(f)(_np);}else{f(_np);}}(function(P) { // Log render timestamp P.execute('dp-atf-bookDescription', function () { if (typeof window.markFeatureRender === 'function') { window.markFeatureRender('bookDescription'); } }); P.declare("book-description-config", { logInteractivity: true }); })); P.when('DynamicIframe').execute(function(DynamicIframe){ var BookDescriptionIframe = null, bookDescEncodedData = "Bringing%20together%20thousands%20of%20the%20best%20dermatologic%20clinical%20and%20pathological%20photographs%20and%20figures%20from%20researchers%20and%20scientists%20around%20the%20world%2C%20this%20volume%20focuses%20on%20the%20most%20prevalent%20dermatologic%20disorders%20as%20they%20relate%20to%20cutaneous%20infectious%20and%20neoplastic%20conditions%20and%20procedural%20dermatology.%20It%20includes%20atypical%20presentations%20of%20various%20disorders%2C%20giving%20insight%20into%20differential%20diagnoses%2C%20helping%20to%20familiarize%20the%20reader%20with%20some%20of%20the%20rarest%20dermatologic%20disorders.%26nbsp%3B%3Cdiv%3E%3Ci%3E%3Cbr%3E%3C%2Fi%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%3E%3Ci%3EAtlas%20of%20Dermatology%2C%20Dermatopathology%20and%20Venereology%20Volume%203%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fi%3Eis%20written%20for%20dermatologists%2C%20dermatopathologists%2C%20and%20residents%20and%26nbsp%3Bsummarizes%20data%20regarding%20any%20dermatologic%20disorder%20and%20syndrome.%20Each%20entry%20includes%20an%20introduction%2C%20clinical%20and%20pathological%20manifestations%2C%20diagnosis%2C%20differential%20diagnosis%2C%20and%20treatment%20and%20prognosis.%26nbsp%3B%3Cbr%3Ediv%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%2Fdiv%3E%26lt%3B%2Fdiv%3E", bookDescriptionAvailableHeight, minBookDescriptionInitialHeight = 112, options = {}, iframeId = "bookDesc_iframe"; 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} } }); } }); Preface Contents About the Editors Contributors History of Dermatology, Dermatopathology, Dermatologic Surgery, Cosmetic Dermatology, and Pediatric Dermatology 1 Introduction 2 History of Dermatology 2.1 Early Depictions of Dermatology 2.2 Impressive Figures in Dermatology 2.2.1 Avicenna 2.2.2 Hieronymus Mercurialis 2.2.3 Daniel Turner 2.2.4 Anne-Charles Lorry 2.2.5 Josef von Plenck 2.2.6 Robert Willan 2.2.7 Jean Louis Alibert 2.2.8 Luca Stulli 2.2.9 Thomas Bateman 2.2.10 Pierre-Louis-Alphee Cazenave 2.2.11 Camille Gibert 2.2.12 Vittorio Mibelli 3 History of Dermatopathology 3.1 Early Depictions of Dermatopathology 3.2 Impressive Figures in Dermatopathology 3.2.1 Gustav Simon 3.2.2 Felix von Barensprung 3.2.3 Paul Gerson Unna 3.2.4 Jean Darier 3.2.5 JMH Macleod 3.2.6 Herman Beerman 3.2.7 Walter Lever 3.2.8 Oscar Gans 3.2.9 Frederick Weidman 3.2.10 Bernard Ackerman 3.3 Dermatopathology Training Programs 3.4 First Dermatopathology Societies 3.5 First Dermatopathology Journals 3.6 Phenomenal Developments in Dermatopathology 4 History of Dermatologic Surgery 4.1 Early Depictions of Dermatologic Surgery 4.2 History of Mohs Micrographic Surgery 4.3 Impressive Figures in Dermatologic Surgery 4.3.1 William Stewart Halsted 4.3.2 Edward Krull 4.3.3 Frederic Mohs 4.3.4 Ervin Epstein 4.4 Dermatologic Surgery Training Programs 4.5 First Dermatologic Surgery Societies 5 History of Cosmetic Dermatology 5.1 History of Botulinum Toxin 5.2 History of Fillers 5.3 History of Dermabrasion 5.4 History of Peels 6 Pediatric Dermatology 6.1 Early Depictions of Pediatric Dermatology 6.2 Impressive Figures in Pediatric Dermatology 6.2.1 Walter C. Dendy 6.2.2 Henry Harris Perlman 6.3 Pediatric Dermatology Training Programs 6.4 First Pediatric Dermatology Conferences 6.5 First Pediatric Dermatology Societies References Education in Dermatology Residency 1 Introduction 2 Requirements of Graduation 3 Medical Dermatology 4 Procedural Dermatology 5 Dermatopathology 6 Medical Education 7 Technology in Patient Care and Education References Diagnosis of Skin Diseases 1 Introduction 2 Overview for Dermatologic Diagnosis 3 History Taking and Physical Examination 3.1 Mucocutaneous Examination 3.2 Skin Examination Tools 3.2.1 Diascope 3.2.2 Wood´s Lamp 3.2.3 Dermatoscope 3.2.4 Trichoscope 4 Scoring System 4.1 Wallace Rule of Nine 4.2 Psoriasis Area Severity Index Score (PASI Score) 4.3 Melasma Area Severity Index (MASI) 4.4 Scoring for Vitiligo 4.5 Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) 4.6 Urticaria Activity Score (UAS) 4.7 Score for Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (SCORTEN) 5 Important Bedside Clinical Sign 5.1 Examination of Nail 5.2 Examination of Hair 5.2.1 Trichogram (Hair Pluck Test) 5.2.2 Phototrichogram 5.2.2.0 TrichoScan 5.2.2.0 Folliscope 6 Clinical Side Lab Test 6.1 Potassium Hydroxide Mount (KOH Mount) and Wet Mount 6.2 Tzanck Test 6.3 Gram´s Staining 6.4 Slit-Skin Smear and Ziehl-Neelsen Staining 6.5 Epicutaneous Test 6.5.1 Patch Test and Photopatch Test 6.5.2 Skin Prick Test (Puncture or Scratch Test) 6.6 Pathergy Test 6.7 Acetowhite Test 6.8 Skin Biopsy References Anatomy and Organization of Human Skin 1 Introduction 2 Skin Development 3 Human Skin 3.1 Types of Skin Based on External Feature 3.2 Types of Skin from Histological View (Thick and Thin Skin) 4 Histological Structure of Human Skin 4.1 Epidermis 4.1.1 Epidermal Strata 4.1.1.0 Stratum Basale (Stratum Germinativum) 4.1.1.0 Stratum Spinosum (Prickle Cell Layer) 4.1.1.0 Stratum Granulosum 4.1.1.0 Stratum Lucidum 4.1.1.0 Stratum Corneum 4.1.2 Epidermal Cell 4.1.2.0 Keratinocyte 4.1.2.0 Melanocyte 4.1.2.0 Langerhans Cell 4.1.2.0 Merkel Cell 4.1.3 Keratin 4.1.4 Naked Nerve Ending 4.1.5 Skin Color 4.1.5.0 Racial Color Variation 4.1.5.0 Albinism 4.1.6 Dermo-epidermal Junction 4.2 Dermis 4.2.1 Dermal Matrix 4.2.2 Dermal Layer 4.2.2.0 Papillary Dermis 4.2.2.0 Reticular Dermis 4.2.3 Dermal Cell 4.2.3.0 Fibroblast 4.2.3.0 Mast Cell 4.2.3.0 Immune Cell 4.2.3.0 Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell 4.2.3.0 Myoepithelial Cell 4.2.4 Dermal Collagen 4.2.5 Encapsulated Touch/Pressure Receptor 4.2.5.0 Meissner Corpuscle 4.2.5.0 Pacinian Corpuscle 4.2.5.0 Ruffini Corpuscle (Ruffini Ending) 4.2.5.0 Krause End Bulb (Bulboid Corpuscle) 4.2.5.0 Basket Array 4.3 Hypodermis (Subcutis or Subcutaneous Tissue) 4.3.1 Subcutaneous Fat 4.4 Skin Appendage 4.4.1 Hair 4.4.1.0 Hair Papilla 4.4.1.0 Hair Matrix 4.4.1.0 Hair Root Sheath 4.4.1.0 Hair Bulge 4.4.2 Hair Growth Cycle 4.4.2.0 Anagen 4.4.2.0 Catagen 4.4.2.0 Telogen 4.4.2.0 Exogen 4.4.2.0 Kenogen 4.4.3 Nail 4.4.4 Sweat Gland 4.4.4.0 Eccrine Sweat Gland (Endocrine Sweat Gland) 4.4.4.0 Apocrine Sweat Gland (Odoriferous Sweat Gland) 4.4.4.0 Modified Type of Sweat Gland 4.4.5 Sebaceous Gland 4.4.5.0 Modified Type of Sebaceous Gland 4.4.5.0 Pilosebaceous Unit 4.4.6 Skin Blood and Lymphatic Supply 4.4.7 Skin Innervation 4.4.7.0 Sensory Skin Innervation 4.4.7.0 Autonomic Skin Innervation 4.4.8 Hair-Attached Muscle (Arrector Pili Muscle) References Functions of the Skin 1 Introduction 2 Function of Skin 2.1 Protection 2.1.1 Protection from Mechanical Impact 2.1.2 Protection from Thermic Impact 2.1.3 Protection from Chemical Impact 2.1.4 Protection from Microorganism 2.1.5 Protection from UV Radiation 2.1.6 Protection from Loss of Body Fluid 2.2 Sensation 2.2.1 Mechanoreceptor 2.2.2 Thermoreceptor 2.2.2.0 Hot Receptor 2.2.2.0 Cold Receptor 2.2.3 Pain Receptor 2.2.4 Proprioceptor 2.3 Insulation 2.3.1 Vasculature Role in Insulation 2.3.2 Hair Role in Insulation 2.3.3 Sweat Gland Role in Insulation 2.3.4 Adipose Tissue Role in Insulation 2.4 Temperature Regulation 2.4.1 Response to Increased Temperature 2.4.2 Response to Decreased Temperature 2.5 Vitamin D Production 2.5.1 Control of Vitamin D Synthesis 2.6 Immunological Defense 2.6.1 Immune Cell 2.6.1.0 Langerhans Cell 2.6.1.0 Mast Cell 2.6.1.0 Spinous Cell 2.6.2 Antimicrobial Peptide 2.6.3 Sebaceous Gland, Immune Function, and Nutrition 2.7 Excretion 2.8 Percutaneous Absorption 2.9 Communication 2.10 Skin Maintenance 2.10.1 Skin Regeneration 2.10.2 Skin Repair 2.11 Wound Healing References Histopathology of the Skin: General Principles 1 Basic Principle 1.1 Anatomy of the Skin 1.1.1 Epidermis 1.1.2 Dermis 1.1.3 Adnexal Structure 1.1.3.0 Eccrine Gland 1.1.3.0 Apocrine Gland 1.1.3.0 Hair 1.1.3.0 Nail 2 Principle of Diagnosis 2.1 Clinical Versus Pathological Approach 2.2 Clinicopathologic Correlation 2.3 Skin Biopsy 2.3.1 Biopsy Technique 2.3.1.0 Incisional Biopsy 2.3.1.0 Punch Biopsy 2.3.1.0 Shave Biopsy 2.3.1.0 Curettage and Cautery 2.3.1.0 Excision Biopsy 2.3.1.0 Special Sites Skin Biopsy 2.3.2 Fixation 2.3.3 Sectioning and Embedding 2.4 Histopathological Technique 2.4.1 Staining 2.4.1.0 Standard Stain 2.4.1.0 Additional Stain (Special Stain) 2.4.1.0 Immunohistochemical Staining 2.4.2 Polarized Light Examination 2.4.3 Immunofluorescence Study 2.4.3.0 Direct Immunofluorescence 2.4.3.0 Indirect Immunofluorescence 2.4.4 Salt-Split Skin 2.5 Molecular Biological Procedure 2.5.1 In situ Hybridization 2.5.2 Fluorescence In situ Hybridization 2.5.3 Polymerase Chain Reaction Glossary/Diagnostic Terms in Dermatopathology References Cutaneous Inflammation: Prototypes of Immunological Mechanisms Involving the Skin 1 Introduction 2 Type I Hypersensitivity Reaction 2.1 Urticaria 3 Type II Hypersensitivity Reaction 3.1 Pemphigus 3.1.1 Pemphigus Vulgaris 3.1.2 Pemphigus Foliaceus 3.2 Bullous Pemphigoid 4 Type III Adaptive Hypersensitivity Reaction 4.1 Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis 4.2 Arthus Reaction 5 Type IV Adaptive Hypersensitivity Reaction (Types IVa, IVb, IVc, and IVd) 5.1 Sarcoidosis 5.2 Morbilliform Drug Eruption and Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS Syndrome) 5.3 Viral Exanthem 5.4 Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis 5.5 Erythema Multiforme 5.6 Lichen Planus 5.7 Psoriasis 6 More Complex and Less Well-Understood Innate and Adaptive Immune Reaction 6.1 Acute Graft Versus Host Disease 6.2 Acute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus 6.3 Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus 6.4 Discoid Lupus Erythematosus 6.5 Dermatomyositis 6.6 Localized Scleroderma (Morphea) and Systemic Scleroderma 6.7 Vitiligo 6.8 Alopecia Areata 6.9 Allergic and Irritant Contact Dermatitis 6.10 Atopic Dermatitis 6.11 Id Reaction (Autoeczematization) 6.12 Granuloma Annulare 6.13 Acute Febrile Neutrophilic Dermatosis (Sweet Syndrome) 6.14 Pyoderma Gangrenosum References Cutaneous Reactions 1 Introduction 2 Classification of Cutaneous Reaction 3 Cutaneous Reaction 3.1 Koebner Phenomenon (Koebner Response, Isomorphic Phenomenon, or Isomorphic Response) 3.2 Koebner Nonreaction (Isomorphic Nonresponse) 3.3 Reverse Koebner Response 3.4 Wolf´s Isotopic Response 3.5 Isotopic Nonresponse 3.6 Renbök Phenomenon (Reverse Isotopic Response or Inverse Koebner Phenomenon) 3.7 Sparing Phenomenon 3.8 Radioisotopic Response 3.9 Immunocompromised Cutaneous District References Skin Wound Healing 1 Introduction 2 Wound Healing Process 2.1 Hemostasis 2.2 Inflammation Phase 2.3 Proliferative Phase 2.4 Epithelization 2.5 Remodeling 3 Impaired Wound Healing 3.1 Chronic Wound 3.2 Hypertrophic Scars 3.3 Keloids 3.4 Contracture References Dermoscopy 1 Introduction 2 Melanocytic Lesion: Melanocytic Nevus and Melanoma 2.1 Melanocytic Nevus 2.1.1 Common Melanocytic Nevus: Junctional, Compound, and Dermal 2.1.2 Congenital Melanocytic Nevus (Benign Nevomelanocytic Proliferation) 2.1.3 Blue Nevus 2.1.4 Combined Nevus 2.1.5 Halo Nevus (Sutton Nevus or Leukoderma Acquisitum Centrifugum) 2.1.6 Spitz Nevus 2.1.7 Recurrent Nevus (Pseudomelanoma) 2.1.8 Acral Lentiginous Nevus 2.2 Melanoma 2.2.1 Lentigo Maligna and Lentigo Maligna Melanoma 2.2.2 Superficial Spreading Melanoma (Melanoma In Situ) 2.2.3 Nodular Melanoma 2.2.4 Acral Lentiginous Melanoma 2.2.5 Amelanotic/Hypomelanotic Melanoma 3 Non-melanocytic Tumor 3.1 Seborrheic Keratosis 3.2 Hemangioma 3.3 Dermatofibroma 3.4 Lichen Planus-Like Keratosis 3.5 Clear Cell Acanthoma (Degos Acanthoma) 3.6 Basal Cell Carcinoma 3.7 Bowen´s Disease 3.8 Squamous Cell Carcinoma 4 Dermoscopy in General Dermatology 4.1 Psoriasis Vulgaris 4.2 Lichen Planus 4.3 Lupus Erythematosus 4.4 Sarcoidosis 4.5 Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus 4.6 Porokeratosis 4.7 Prurigo Nodularis 4.8 Pityriasis Rosea 4.9 Scabies 4.10 Viral Wart (Verruca Vulgaris or Common Wart) 4.11 Molluscum Contagiosum References Trichoscopy 1 Introduction 2 Trichoscopic Language 2.1 Follicular and Perifollicular Pattern 2.2 Interfollicular Pattern 2.3 Hair Shaft Pattern 2.4 Scaly Scalp Pattern 3 Normal Scalp 4 Non-scarring Alopecia 4.1 Androgenetic Alopecia 4.2 Female Pattern Hair Loss 4.3 Alopecia Areata 4.4 Trichotillomania 4.5 Telogen Effluvium and Anagen Effluvium 4.5.1 Telogen Effluvium 4.5.1.0 Acute Telogen Effluvium 4.5.1.0 Chronic Telogen Effluvium 4.5.2 Anagen Effluvium 5 Scarring Alopecia 5.1 Lichen Planopilaris 5.2 Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia 5.3 Discoid Lupus Erythematosus 5.4 Acne Keloidalis Nuchae 5.5 Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia 5.6 Folliculitis Decalvans 5.7 Dissecting Cellulitis of the Scalp 5.8 Pseudopelade of Brocq 6 Infection, Infestation, and Inflammation of the Scalp 6.1 Tinea Capitis 6.2 Pediculosis Capitis 6.3 Scalp Psoriasis, Seborrheic Dermatitis, and Sebopsoriasis 6.3.1 Scalp Psoriasis 6.3.2 Seborrheic Dermatitis 6.3.3 Sebopsoriasis 7 Pediatric Trichology 7.1 Pediatric Hair Disorder 7.1.1 Loose Anagen Hair Syndrome 7.1.2 Congenital Triangular Alopecia (Temporal Triangular Alopecia) 7.1.3 Trichorrhexis Nodosa 7.1.4 Congenital Atrichia with Papular Eruption (Atrichia Congenita with Papular Lesions) 7.1.5 Monilethrix References Onychoscopy 1 Introduction 2 Types of Onychoscopy 3 Normal Nail 4 Chromonychia 4.1 Melanonychia 4.2 Leukonychia 4.3 Subungual Hematoma 5 Infective Nail Disorders 5.1 Onychomycosis 5.2 Chronic Paronychia 5.3 Wart (Verruca Vulgaris) 6 Inflammatory Nail Disorders 6.1 Nail Psoriasis 6.2 Nail Lichen Planus 6.3 Eczema 6.4 Darier´s Disease 6.5 Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis 7 Nail Tumors 7.1 Onychopapilloma 7.2 Onychomatricoma 7.3 Bowen´s Disease and Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma 7.4 Subungual Melanoma References Reflectance Confocal Microscopy in Dermatology 1 Introduction 2 Reflectance Confocal Microscopy View of Normal Skin 3 Premalignant and Malignant Lesions of the Epidermis 3.1 Actinic Keratosis 3.2 Actinic Cheilitis 3.3 Bowen´s Disease 3.4 Erythroplasia of Queyrat 3.5 Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma 3.6 Basal Cell Carcinoma (In Vivo Diagnosis) 3.7 Basal cell carcinoma (ex vivo diagnosis) 4 Lentigines, Nevi, and Melanoma 4.1 Actinic Lentigo 4.2 Melanocytic Nevus 4.2.1 Junctional Nevus 4.2.2 Dermal Nevus 4.2.3 Compound Nevus 4.2.4 Blue Nevus 4.2.5 Congenital Nevus 4.3 Melanoma 4.3.1 Lentigo Maligna 4.3.2 Superficial Spreading Melanoma 4.3.3 Nodular Melanoma 4.3.4 Mucosal Melanoma 5 Cutaneous Lymphoma 5.1 Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (Mycosis Fungoides) 6 Paget´s Disease 7 Cutaneous Infestation 7.1 Sarcoptes Scabiei 7.2 Demodex Folliculorum 8 Cutaneous Infection 8.1 Superficial Mycosis 8.2 Herpetic Infection 8.3 Molluscum Contagiosum 9 Inflammatory Skin Disease 9.1 Psoriasis 9.2 Discoid Lupus Erythematosus 10 Reflectance Confocal Microscopy View of Normal Nail 11 Nail Disorder 11.1 Longitudinal Melanonychia 11.2 Nonpigmented Nail Tumors References High-Frequency Ultrasonography in Dermatology 1 Introduction 2 Echogenicity 3 Healthy Skin 4 Skin Appendage 4.1 Hair Follicle 4.2 Nail Apparatus 5 Photoaging 6 Skin Tumor 6.1 Benign Skin Tumor 6.1.1 Seborrhoeic Keratosis 6.2 Malignant Skin Tumor 6.2.1 Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer 6.2.1.0 Actinic Keratosis 6.2.1.0 Squamous Cell Carcinoma 6.2.1.0 Basal Cell Carcinoma 6.2.2 Melanoma 6.2.3 Other Malignancies 6.2.3.0 Mycosis Fungoides 7 Pigmented Lesion 7.1 Melanocytic Nevus 8 Inflammatory Skin Disease 8.1 Atopic Dermatitis 8.2 Psoriasis 8.3 Contact Dermatitis 9 Sclerotic Skin Disease 9.1 Systemic Sclerosis 9.2 Morphea 9.3 Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease 10 Miscellaneous Disorder 10.1 Circumscribed Palmar Hypokeratosis 10.2 Cellulite 11 Other Conditions References Skin and Skin Disease Throughout Life 1 Birth to Puberty 1.1 Infancy 1.1.1 Somatic Development 1.1.1.0 Epidermal Maturation 1.1.1.0 Sebaceous Gland 1.1.1.0 Sweat Gland 1.1.1.0 Cutaneous pH 1.1.1.0 Trans-epidermal Water Loss 1.1.1.0 Skin Microbiome 1.1.1.0 Melanin and UV Protection 1.1.1.0 Postnatal Skin Growth 1.1.2 Skin Disease in Infancy 1.2 Childhood 1.2.1 Skin Disease in Childhood 1.2.2 Skin Disease in Childhood 2 Puberty and Adolescence 2.1 Puberty in Male 2.2 Puberty in Female 2.3 Pubertal Growth and Hormone 2.4 Premature and Delayed Puberty 2.4.1 Premature Puberty 2.4.2 Delayed Puberty 2.5 Skin Disease in Puberty and Adolescence 3 Menstrual Cycle 3.1 Hormonal Influence 3.2 Skin During Menstrual Cycle 4 Pregnancy, Childbirth, and Puerperium 4.1 Hormonal Background 4.1.1 Beginning of Pregnancy 4.1.2 Middle Pregnancy 4.1.3 End of Pregnancy 4.2 Physiological Skin Change 4.2.1 Pigmentary Change 4.2.2 Hair and Nail Alteration 4.2.3 Striae Gravidarum (Striae Distensae) 4.2.4 Molluscum Fibrosum Gravidarum (Skin Tag of Pregnancy) 4.2.5 lteration of Skin Gland 4.2.6 Vascular Alteration 4.2.7 Mucosal Alteration 4.2.8 Skin Disease Modified by Pregnancy 4.2.8.0 Infection 4.2.8.0 Metabolic and Connective Disease 4.2.8.0 Autoimmune Disorder 4.2.8.0 Skin Cancer 4.2.9 Skin Disease of Pregnancy (Dermatosis of Pregnancy) 5 Menopause 5.1 Biology 5.2 Skin Disease in Menopause 5.2.1 Menopausal Flushing (Hot Flush) 5.2.2 Keratoderma Climactericum (Haxthausen Disease) 5.2.3 Vulvovaginal Atrophy 5.2.4 Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus 6 Senescence 6.1 Biology 6.2 Physiological Skin Change 6.3 Skin Disease in Senescence 6.3.1 Skin Photoaging 6.3.2 Pruritus 6.3.3 Eczema 6.3.4 Leg Ulcer 6.3.5 Bullous Pemphigoid 6.3.6 Benign Skin Lesions 6.3.7 Skin Cancer 6.3.7.0 Non-melanoma Skin Cancer 6.3.7.0 Cutaneous Melanoma 6.3.8 Infection References Racial Influences on Skin Disease (Dermatoses Influenced by the Cultural Habits and Customs in India) 1 Introduction 2 Dermatosis Influenced by the Cultural Habits and Customs in India 2.1 Kumkum Dermatitis 2.2 Bindi Leukoderma 2.3 Frictional Facial Melanosis due to Scrubbing Habit 2.4 Traction Alopecia in Sikhs 2.5 Mudi-Chood Dermatosis References Genodermatoses 1 Introduction 2 Chromosomal Defect 2.1 Turner Syndrome 2.2 Klinefelter Syndrome 2.3 Noonan Syndrome 2.4 Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21) 3 Familial Multiple Tumor Syndrome 3.1 Neurofibromatosis 3.2 Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 3.3 Cowden´s Syndrome (Multiple Hamartoma Syndrome) 3.4 Gardner Syndrome 3.5 Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome (Gorlin Syndrome, Gorlin-Goltz Syndrome, Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome, or Fifth Phacomat... 4 Syndrome Associated with DNA Instability and Genetic Photodermatosis 4.1 Xeroderma Pigmentosum 4.2 Bloom Syndrome 4.3 Cockayne Syndrome (Neill-Dingwall Syndrome) 4.4 Dyskeratosis Congenita 4.5 Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome 4.6 Fanconi Anemia 4.7 Ataxia Telangiectasia Syndrome (Louis-Bar Syndrome) 5 Disorder with Features of Premature Aging 5.1 Progeria (Hutchinson-Gilford Syndrome) 5.2 Werner Syndrome 6 Disorder of Connective Tissue 6.1 Marfan Syndrome 6.2 Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum 6.3 Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome 6.4 Cutis Laxa 6.5 Osteogenesis Imperfect (Brittle Bone Disease) 7 Ectodermal Dysplasia Syndrome 8 Miscellaneous Syndrome 8.1 Incontinentia Pigmenti (Bloch-Sulzberger Syndrome) 8.2 Hypomelanosis of Ito (Incontinentia Pigmenti Achromians) 8.3 Focal Dermal Hypoplasia (Goltz Syndrome or Goltz-Gorlin Syndrome) 8.4 Nail-Patella Syndrome (Fong Disease or Hereditary Onycho-Osteodysplasia) 8.5 Pachydermoperiostosis (Touraine-Solente-Golé Syndrome) 8.6 Dowling-Degos Disease References Genetic Blistering Diseases 1 Introduction 2 Main Types of Epidermolysis Bullosa 2.1 Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex (JEB) 2.2 Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa (JEB) 2.3 Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa (DEB) 2.4 Kindler Syndrome References Nevi and Other Developmental Defects 1 Introduction 1.1 Definition of Nevus 1.2 Definition of Hamartoma 2 Melanocytic Nevus and Developmental Defect of Pigmentation 2.1 Melanocytic Nevus: Small, Medium, and Large 2.2 Melanocytic Nevus: Giant 2.3 Dermal Melanocytosis 2.3.1 Mongolian Spot 2.3.2 Nevus of Ito and Nevus of Ota 2.4 Café-au-Lait 2.5 Pigmentary Mosaicism 2.6 Epidermal Nevus and Epidermal Nevus Syndrome 2.6.1 Epidermal Nevus 2.6.2 Inflammatory Epidermal Nevus (Epidermal Nevus with Inflammation and Erythema or Inflammatory Linear Verrucous Epidermal ... 2.6.3 Nevus Sebaceus of Jadassohn (Sebaceous Nevus) 2.6.4 Nevus Comedonicus 2.6.5 Becker Nevus 2.7 Nevus Lipomatosus Superficialis 2.8 Developmental Defect of the Head and Neck 2.8.1 Branchial Cleft Anomaly 2.8.2 Bronchogenic Cyst 2.8.3 Preauricular Tag 2.8.4 Dermoid Cyst 2.8.5 Aplasia Cutis Congenita 2.9 Developmental Defect of the Body 2.9.1 Accessory Nipple and Accessory Breast 2.9.2 Umbilical Granuloma 2.10 Accessory Digit 2.11 Amniotic Band and Amniotic Adhesion References Disorders of Keratinization 1 Introduction 2 Ichthyosis 2.1 Inherited Ichthyosis 2.1.1 Nonsyndromic Ichthyosis 2.1.1.0 Ichthyosis Vulgaris 2.1.1.0 X-Linked Recessive Ichthyosis 2.1.1.0 Collodion Baby 2.1.1.0 Congenital Ichthyosiform Erythroderma 2.1.1.0 Epidermolytic Ichthyosis 2.1.1.0 Lamellar Ichthyosis 2.1.1.0 Harlequin Ichthyosis 2.1.1.0 Ichthyosis Bullosa of Siemens 2.1.2 Syndromic Ichthyosis 2.1.2.0 Ichthyosis Hystrix 2.1.2.0 Netherton´s Syndrome 2.1.2.0 Sjogren-Larsson Syndrome 2.1.2.0 Refsum´s Disease 2.1.2.0 IBIDS Syndrome (Tay Syndrome) 2.1.2.0 X-Linked Dominant Ichthyosis (Conradi-Hnermann-Happle Syndrome or X-Linked Dominant Chondrodysplasia Punctata) 2.1.2.0 Neutral Lipid Storage Disease with Ichthyosis (Chanarin-Dorfman Syndrome) 2.1.2.0 KID Syndrome (Keratitis-Ichthyosis-Deafness Syndrome) and HID Syndrome (Hystrix-Like Ichthyosis-Deafness Syndrome) 2.1.2.0 CHILD Syndrome (Congenital Hemidysplasia with Ichthyosiform Erythroderma and Limb Defects Syndrome) 2.2 Acquired Ichthyosis 2.2.1 Ichthyosis Associated with Malignancy 2.2.2 Ichthyosis and Nonmalignant Disease 2.2.3 Drug-Induced Ichthyosis 3 Pityriasis Rotunda (Pityriasis Circinata or Pseudoichtyose Acquise en Taches Circulaires) 4 Peeling Skin Syndrome 4.1 Acquired Peeling of the Palms (Keratolysis Exfoliativa, Exfoliative Keratolysis, Dyshidrosis Lamellosa Sicca, or Focal Pal... 4.2 Peeling Skin Syndrome (Keratolysis Exfoliativa Congenita) 4.3 Oudtshoorn Disease (Keratolytic Winter Erythema or Erythrokeratolysis Hiemalis) 5 Erythrokeratoderma 5.1 Erythrokeratoderma Variabilis (Mendes da Costa Syndrome) 5.2 Progressive Symmetrical Erythrokeratoderma (Gottron´s Syndrome or Darier-Grotton Erythrokeratodermia) 6 Folliculocentric Keratotic Disorder 6.1 Keratosis Pilaris 6.2 Keratosis Follicularis Spinulosa Decalvans 7 Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris 8 Darier´s Disease and Related Disorders 8.1 Darier´s Disease (Keratosis Follicularis) 8.2 Transient and Persistent Acantholytic Dermatosis (Grover´s Disease) 8.3 Acrokeratosis Verruciformis (Acrokeratosis Verruciformis of Hopf) 9 Porokeratosis 10 Palmoplantar Keratoderma 10.1 Diffuse Keratoderma 10.2 Transgredient Keratoderma (Loricrin Keratoderma) 10.3 Focal Keratoderma 10.4 Striate Keratoderma (Brnauer-Fuhs-Siemens Syndrome) 10.5 Punctate Porokeratotic Keratoderma 10.6 Spiny Keratoderma (Palmoplantar Filiform Hyperkeratosis or Music Box Spine Dermatosis) 10.7 Marginal Papular Keratoderma 11 Acquired Keratoderma and Associated Disorder 12 Acanthosis Nigricans 13 Confluent and Reticulated Papillomatosis (Gougerot-Carteaud Syndrome) References Metabolic and Nutritional Disorders Relevant in Dermatology 1 Introduction 2 Porphyria 2.1 Cutaneous Involvement Only 2.1.1 Porphyria Cutanea Tarda 2.1.2 Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria (Günther Disease) 2.1.3 Erythropoietic Protoporphyria 2.2 Cutaneous Involvement along with Acute Attack 2.2.1 Hereditary Coproporphyria 2.2.2 Variegate Porphyria 2.3 Acute Attack Only 2.3.1 Acute Intermittent Porphyria 3 Mucinosis 3.1 Lichen Myxoedematosus (Scleromyxedema) 3.2 Reticular Erythematous Mucinosis 3.3 Follicular Mucinosis (Alopecia Mucinosa or Mucinosis Follicularis) 3.4 Self-Healing Juvenile Cutaneous Mucinosis 3.5 Cutaneous Mucinosis of Infancy 3.6 Papulonodular Mucinosis Associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 3.7 Cutaneous Focal Mucinosis 3.8 Acral Persistent Papular Mucinosis 3.9 Secondary Mucinosis 4 Mucopolysaccharidosis 5 Mucolipidosis 6 Amyloidosis 6.1 Primary Localized Cutaneous Amyloidosis 6.1.1 Lichen Amyloidosis 6.1.2 Macular Amyloidosis 6.1.3 Nodular Amyloidosis 6.2 Secondary Localized Cutaneous Amyloidosis 6.3 Systemic Amyloidosis 7 Angiokeratoma Corporis Diffusum 7.1 Fabry Disease (Anderson-Fabry Disease) 8 Lipoid Proteinosis (Urbach-Wiethe Syndrome or Hyalinosis Cutis et Mucosae) 9 Neutral Lipid Storage Disease (Chanarin-Dorfman Syndrome) 10 Lysosomal Storage Disease 10.1 Farber´s Disease (Farber Lipogranulomatosis) 10.2 Gaucher´s Disease 10.3 Niemann-Pick Disease 11 Xanthoma 12 Disorders of Amino-Acid Metabolism 12.1 Phenylketonuria 12.2 Tyrosinaemia 12.3 Alkaptonuria 12.4 Homocysteinuria 12.5 Hartnup Disease 13 Hyperuricemic Condition 13.1 Gout 13.2 Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome 14 Nutrition and the Skin 15 Granuloma Annulare 16 Necrobiosis Lipoidica (Necrobiosis Lipoidica Diabeticorum or Granulomatosis Disciformis Chronica et Progressiva) 17 Granuloma Multiforme References Neonate Dermatology 1 Transient Lesions of the Newborn 1.1 Milia 1.2 Miliaria 1.3 Erythema Toxicum 1.4 Transient Pustular Melanosis 1.5 Cephalic Pustulosis (Neonatal Acne) 1.6 Dermal Melanocytosis (Mongolian Spot or Blue-Slay Nevus) 1.7 Cutis Marmorata (Marbled Skin) 2 Developmental Defects 2.1 Branchial Cysts and Sinuses 2.2 Thyroglossal Duct Cyst 2.3 Perineal Median Raphe Cysts 2.4 Neural Tube Dysraphism (Spina Bifida or Sinus Pericranii) 2.5 Neuroglial Heterotopia (Rudimentary Encephalocele) 2.6 Aplasia Cutis Congenita 2.7 Dermoid Cysts 3 Infections 3.1 Viral Infections 3.1.1 Herpes Simplex Virus 3.1.2 Varicella Zoster 3.2 Bacterial Infections 3.2.1 Staphylococcus 3.3 Fungal Infections 3.3.1 Candida 4 Atopic Dermatitis 5 Vesiculobullous Disorders 5.1 Autoimmune Blistering Disorders 5.2 Diffuse Cutaneous Mastocytosis 5.3 Self-Healing Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (Hashimoto-Pritzker Syndrome) 5.4 Epidermolysis Bullosa 5.5 Porphyria 5.6 Epidermolytic Ichthyosis 5.7 Incontinentia Pigmenti 6 Nodules/Tumors/Neoplastic Processes 6.1 Nevus Sebaceous and Epidermal Nevus 6.2 Neurofibroma 6.3 Hemangioma 6.4 Hemangioendothelioma 6.5 Myofibroma 6.6 Rhabdomyosarcoma 6.7 Fibrosarcoma 6.8 Subcutaneous Fat Necrosis 6.9 Blueberry Muffin Baby 6.10 Vascular Malformation 6.11 Xanthogranuloma 6.12 Congenital Melanocytic Nevi (Bathing Trunk Nevus) 7 Papulosquamous Eruptions 7.1 Psoriasis 7.2 Pustular Psoriasis 7.3 Ichthyosis 8 Disorders of Pigmentation 8.1 Oculocutaneous Albinism 8.2 Piebaldism 8.3 Nevus Anemicus 8.4 Nevus Depigmentosus 8.5 Nevus of Ota 8.6 Café-Au-Lait Macules 8.7 Mosaic Pigmentary Disorders 9 Vascular Anomalies 9.1 Vascular Stains (Nevus Simplex, Angel´s Kiss, Stork Bite, or Capillary Malformation) 9.2 Vascular Tumors (See Sect. 6.4) 9.3 Vascular Malformations (See Sect. 6.10) 9.4 Cutis Marmorata Telangiectatica Congenita References Index