Modeling, Optimization and Intelligent Control Techniques in Renewable Energy Systems: An Optimal Integration Of Renewable Energy Resources Into Grid

Description

This book consists of two parts. The first part studies selected recent developed strategies of control and management for renewable energy resources. The strategies of control are tested in the presence of unbalance power, voltage faults, frequency deviation, wind speed variation and parametric uncertainties.  The second part is especially focused on study of hybrid photovoltaic (PV)-Concentrated solar power (CSP) coupled to a thermal storage system. It gathers a set of chapters covering recent survey literature, modelling and optimization of hybrid PV-CSP power plants. In this part, a detailed model of hybrid PV-CSP with thermal storage system is presented and smart optimization techniques like particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA) are also described and used to optimally design the hybrid PV-CSP renewable energy system.  The book would be interesting to most academic undergraduate, postgraduates, researchers on renewable energy systems in terms of modeling, optimization and control, as well as the satisfaction of grid code requirements. Also, it provides an excellent background to renewable energy sources, it is an excellent choice for energy engineers, researchers, system operators, and graduate students. This book can used as a good reference for the academic research on the smart grid, power control, integration of renewable energy sources, and related to this or used in Ph.D study of control, optimisation, management problems and their application in field engineering. Preface Acknowledgements Contents Abbreviations Acronyms List of Figures List of Tables Part I Intelligent Control on Wind Farm 1 Introduction to Power System Stability and Wind Energy Conversion System 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Stability of the Electrical Power System 1.3 Power System Stability and Wind Energy Conversion System 1.4 Voltage Dips and Grid Code Requirements 1.4.1 Voltage Stability 1.4.2 Types of Voltage Stability 1.4.3 Main Causes of Voltage Instability 1.4.4 Grid Code Requirements for Voltage Dip 1.5 Frequency Stability and Grid Code Requirements 1.5.1 Main Causes of Frequency Instability 1.5.2 Example of Frequency Instability 1.5.3 Grid Code Requirements 1.5.4 Frequency Control 1.6 Conclusion References 2 Description and Modeling of Wind Energy Conversion System 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Wind Turbine 2.2.1 Modeling of Turbine in Per Unit Notation 2.2.2 Modeling of the Shaft in Per-unit System 2.3 Modeling of the Squirrel-Cage Asynchronous Generator in the Park Reference Frame 2.3.1 Modeling of SCIG in the Park Reference Frame 2.3.2 Electrical Equations of Generator in Park Reference Frame 2.3.3 Per-unit System for Modeling 2.3.4 Electromagnetic Torque and Power 2.4 Modeling of the RL Filter in pu System 2.5 Modeling of Transformer and Transmission Line 2.5.1 Transformer Model 2.5.2 Transmission Line Model 2.6 Modeling of the LCL Filter 2.6.1 Model of LCL Filter in (abc) Reference Frame 2.6.2 Model of LCL Filter in Park Reference Frame 2.7 Electrical Power Network 2.7.1 Infinite Grid Model 2.7.2 Dynamic Model of Grid 2.8 Conclusion References 3 Power Quality Improvement of Wind Energy Conversion System Using a Fuzzy Nonlinear Controller 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Modeling of Grid-Side System 3.2.1 Modeling of DC Bus 3.2.2 Model of Filter 3.3 SMC of Grid-Side Converter 3.3.1 SMC of Grid-Side Current 3.3.2 Analysis of System Stability 3.3.3 Sliding Mode Control of Grid Current Without RC Sensor 3.3.4 Fuzzy Smooth Function of FSMC 3.3.5 FSMC Stability Analysis 3.4 Simulation Validation 3.4.1 Comparative Study of Filters and Their Control Systems 3.4.2 Robustness Test Against Variation of Parameters 3.5 Experimental Validation Approach 3.5.1 Comparative Study Between RL Filter and LCL Filter 3.5.2 Comparative Study for Control Methods Using LCL Filter 3.5.3 Robustness Test 3.6 Conclusion References 4 Supervisory and Power Control Systems of a WF for Participating in Auxiliary Services 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Wind Farm Supervision System 4.2.1 Power Dispatching Using Proportional Distribution Algorithm 4.2.2 Supervisory System Configuration 4.3 Transient Control Modes of Wind Turbines 4.3.1 MPPT Control Mode 4.3.2 PQ Control Mode 4.3.3 Fault Control Mode 4.3.4 Validation and Discussion 4.4 Fault Control Strategy Using Hierarchical Fuzzy Controller 4.4.1 Dynamic Model of Grid for Voltage-Reactive Power Control 4.4.2 Voltage Control at PCC 4.4.3 Proposed Fuzzy Hierarchical Controller 4.4.4 Validation and Discussion 4.5 Conclusion References 5 LVRT Control Using an Optimized Fractional Order Fuzzy Controller of a Wind Farm 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Wind Farm Management According to Grid Code Recommendations 5.2.1 Central Supervision Unit 5.2.2 Local Supervision Unit 5.2.3 System Protection 5.3 Power System Modeling 5.3.1 Objectives of the Study and Choice of Model Type 5.4 Wind Farm Management According to Grid Code Requirements 5.4.1 Gird Code Requirements 5.5 Proposed Fault Control Strategy 5.5.1 Voltage Control 5.5.2 Design of Fractional Order PIFO-Fuzzy-PIFO Controller 5.5.3 Fractional Order Preliminaries 5.5.4 Proposed FOPI-Fuzzy-FOPI Fractional Order Controller 5.6 Validation and Discussion 5.6.1 Comparative Study of Voltage and Reactive Power Responses 5.6.2 Performance of the Supervision System 5.7 Conclusion References 6 Primary Frequency Control for Wind Farm Using a Novel PI Fuzzy PI Controller 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Aggregate Model for Frequency-Power Response Study 6.2.1 Aggregate Model of the Wind Farm 6.2.2 Equivalent Parameters of Aggregated Model 6.2.3 Power System Model for Frequency Control 6.2.4 Adaptation of Power System Model to Grid Code Recommendations 6.3 Proposed Hierarchical Fuzzy Logic Controller for Primary Frequency Control 6.3.1 Power Reserve Control 6.3.2 Frequency Control 6.4 Simulation Results and Discussion 6.4.1 Comparative Study of the Frequency and Power Responses 6.4.2 Dynamic Behavior of WTs 6.5 Conclusion References Part II Modeling, Optimization and Sizing of Hybrid PV-CSP Plants PV-CSP Hybrid Plants 7 Hybridization PV-CSP: An Overview 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Global Energy Context 7.3 Renewable Energies Sources (RES) 7.3.1 The Context of Integration of Renewable Energies Sources in the Electrical Grid 7.3.2 Issues Related to the Integration of Renewable Energies Sources 7.3.3 Proposed Solutions 7.4 Solar Energy 7.5 Hybrid Energy Systems (HES) 7.5.1 PV Hybrid Systems 7.5.2 CSP Hybrid Systems 7.6 PV-CSP Hybridization 7.7 Literature Review on PV-CSP Hybridization 7.8 Conclusion References 8 Detailed Modeling of Hybrid PV-CSP Plant 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Solar Position 8.3 PV Model 8.4 CSP Model 8.5 Dispatch Strategy 8.6 Conclusion References 9 Techno-economic Parametric Study of Hybrid PV-CSP Power Plants 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Technical and Economic Assessment 9.2.1 Technical Assessment 9.2.2 Economic Assessment 9.3 Site Selection 9.4 Parametric Study of Solar Power Plants 9.4.1 The PV Plant 9.4.2 The CSP Plant 9.4.3 The Hybrid PV-CSP Plant 9.5 Findings 9.6 Conclusion References 10 Optimal PV-CSP System Sizing Using Mono Objective Optimization 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Optimization Problem Statement 10.2.1 Objective Function 10.2.2 Constraint 10.2.3 Decision Variables 10.3 Optimization Algorithm 10.4 Result and Discussion 10.4.1 Case 1 10.4.2 Case 2 10.4.3 Comparative Study (A PV-CSP Plant and a CSP Plant) 10.5 Conclusions References 11 The Multi-objective Optimization of PV-CSP Hybrid System with Electric Heater 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Literature Review 11.3 System Modeling 11.4 Optimization Problem Statement 11.5 Multi-objective Optimization Algorithm 11.6 Multi-criteria Decision-Making Method 11.7 Results and Discussion 11.8 Conclusions References 12 Summary and Scope 12.1 Summary of Full Text 12.2 Future Research Prospect Appendix A Part I: Parameters and Preliminaries of Wind Energy Conversion System and Controllers A.1 Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control with LCL Filter A.2 Supervisory System and Reactive Power Control A.3 Primary Frequency Control A.4 Experimental Test Bench A.4.1 Measurement Circuits A.4.2 RL Filter A.4.3 The SEMIKRON Three-Phase Inverter Appendix B Part II: Technical and Economic Parameters of PV and CSP Plants