A-Level Biology for AQA: Year 1 & 2 Student Book

Description

This comprehensive CGP student book covers both years AQA A-Level Biology! It contains in-depth, accessible notes explaining every topic, supported by clear diagrams, photographs, tips and worked examples. To test students’ knowledge and understanding, there are practice questions and exam-style questions throughout the book - with complete answers included. There’s also detailed guidance on Maths Skills, Practical Investigations and indispensable advice for success in the final exams. An access-code for a free Online Edition is also included, allowing you to read the entire book on a PC, Mac or tablet. If you prefer, separate CGP student books are available for Year 1 (9781782943198) and Year 2 (9781782943242) of AQA A-Level Biology. Contents Contents i Contents ii Contents iii Contents iv Introduction How to use this book Practical and Maths Skills 1. Planning an Experiment 2. Carrying Out an Experiment 3. Processing Data 4. Presenting Data 5. Concluding and Evaluating 6. The Practical Endorsement Topic 1 A: Biological Molecules 1. Molecules of Life 2. Sugars 3. Polysaccharides 4. Lipids 5. Proteins 6. Enzymes 7. Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity 8. Enzyme-Controlled Reactions Section Summary Exam-style Questions Topic 1 B: More Biological Molecules 1. DNA and RNA 2. DNA Replication 3. ATP 4. Water 5. Inorganic Ions Section Summary Exam-style Questions Topic 2 A: Cell Structure and Division 1. Eukaryotic Cells and Organelles 2. Prokaryotic Cells and Viruses 3. Analysis of Cell Components 4. Cell Division — Mitosis 5. Investigating Mitosis Section Summary Exam-style Questions Topic 2 B: Cell Membranes 1. Cell Membranes — The Basics 2. Diffusion 3. Osmosis 4. Active Transport Section Summary Exam-style Questions Topic 2 C: Cells and The Immune System 1. Antigens 2. The Immune Response 3. Immunity and Vaccines 4. Antigenic Variation 5. Antibodies in Medicine 6. Interpreting Data About Vaccines and Antibodies 7. HIV and Viruses Section Summary Exam-style Questions Topic 3 A: Exchange and Transport Systems 1. Size and Surface Area 2. Gas Exchange 3. Gas Exchange in Humans 4. The Effects of Lung Disease 5. Interpreting Lung Disease Data 6. Dissecting Gas Exchange Systems Section Summary Exam-style Questions Topic 3 B: More Exchange and Transport Systems 1. Digestion and Absorption 2. Haemoglobin 3. The Circulatory System 4. The Heart 5. Cardiovascular Disease 6. Transport in Plants — Xylem 7. Transport in Plants — Phloem Section Summary Exam-style Questions Topic 4 A: DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis 1. DNA 2. Genes and Chromosomes 3. RNA and Protein Synthesis 4. Transcription and Translation 5. The Genetic Code and Nucleic Acids Section Summary Exam-style Questions Topic 4 B: Diversity and Selection 1. Meiosis and Genetic Variation 2. Mutations 3. Genetic Diversity 4. Natural Selection 5. The Effects of Selection 6. Investigating Selection Section Summary Exam-style Questions Topic 4 C: Diversity and Classification 1. Classification of Organisms 2. Classification Using Courtship Behaviour 3. Classification Using DNA or Proteins 4. Using Gene Technologies to Assess Genetic Diversity 5. Investigating Variation 6. Biodiversity 7. Agriculture and Biodiversity Section Summary Exam-style Questions Topic 5 A: Photosynthesis and Respiration 1. Photosynthesis, Respiration and Energy 2. Photosynthesis and the Light-dependent Reaction 3. Photosynthesis and the Light-independent Reaction 4. Limiting Factors in Photosynthesis 5. Photosynthesis Experiments 6. Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration 7. Aerobic Respiration — The Mitochondrial Reactions 8. Respiration Experiments Section Summary Exam-style Questions Topic 5 B: Energy Transfer and Nutrient Cycles 1. Energy Transfer in Ecosystems 2. Farming Practices and Production 3. Nutrient Cycles in Natural Ecosystems 4. Fertilisers and Eutrophication Section Summary Exam-style Questions Topic 6 A: Stimuli and Responses 1. Survival and Response 2. Nervous Communication 3. Responses in Plants 4. Receptors 5. Control of Heart Rate Section Summary Exam-style Questions Topic 6 B: Nervous Coordination 1. Neurones 2. Synaptic Transmission 3. Muscle Structure 4. Muscle Contraction Section Summary Exam-style Questions Topic 6 C: Homeostasis 1. Homeostasis Basics 2. Control of Blood Glucose Concentration 3. Diabetes and Blood Glucose Concentration 4. The Kidneys 5. Controlling Blood Water Potential Section Summary Exam-style Questions Topic 7 A: Genetics 1. Genetic Terms 2. Genetic Diagrams — Simple Monohybrid Crosses 3. Genetic Diagrams — Multiple Allele and Dihybrid Crosses 4. Linkage 5. Epistasis 6. The Chi-Squared Test Section Summary Exam-style Questions Topic 7 B: Populations and Evolution 1. The Hardy-Weinberg Principle 2. Variation and Selection 3. Speciation and Genetic Drift Section Summary Exam-style Questions Topic 7 C: Populations in Ecosystems 1. Ecosystems 2. Variation in Population Size 3. Investigating Populations 4. Succession 5. Conservation 6. Conservation Evidence and Data Section Summary Exam-style Questions Topic 8 A: Mutations and Gene Expression 1. Mutations 2. Mutagenic Agents 3. Cancer 4. Interpreting Data on Cancer 5. Stem Cells 6. Stem Cells in Medicine 7. Regulation of Transcription and Translation 8. Epigenetic Control of Gene Expression 9. Evaluating Data on Phenotypes Section Summary Exam-style Questions Topic 8 B: Genome Projects and Gene Technologies 1. Genome Projects 2. Making DNA Fragments 3. Amplifying DNA Fragments 4. Recombinant DNA Technology 5. Gene Therapy 6. Gene Probes and Medical Diagnosis 7. Genetic Fingerprinting Section Summary Exam-style Questions Exam Help 1. The Exams 2. Command Words 3. Time Management Answers Topic 1 Topic 1A — Biological Molecules 1. Molecules of Life 2. Sugars 3. Polysaccharides 4. Lipids 5. Proteins 6. Enzymes 7. Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity 8. Enzyme-Controlled Reactions Exam-style Questions — pages 51-52 Topic 1B — More Biological Molecules 1. DNA and RNA 2. DNA Replication 3. ATP 4. Water 5. Inorganic Ions Exam-style Questions — pages 68-69 Topic 2 Topic 2A — Cell Structure and Division 1. Eukaryotic Cells and Organelles 2. Prokaryotic Cells and Viruses 3. Analysis of Cell Components 4. Cell Division — Mitosis 5. Investigating Mitosis Exam-style Questions — pages 95-96 Topic 2B — Cell Membranes 1. Cell Membranes — The Basics 2. Diffusion 3. Osmosis 4. Active Transport Exam-style Questions — pages 115-116 Topic 2C: Cells and The Immune System 1. Antigens 2. The Immune Response 3. Immunity and Vaccines 4. Antigenic Variation 5. Antibodies in Medicine 6. Interpreting Data About Vaccines and Antibodies 7. HIV and Viruses Exam-style Questions — pages 137-138 Topic 3 Topic 3A: Exchange and Transport Systems 1. Size and Surface Area 2. Gas Exchange 3. Gas Exchange in Humans 4. The Effects of Lung Disease 5. Interpreting Lung Disease Data 6. Dissecting Gas Exchange Systems Exam-style Questions — pages 164-165 Topic 3B — More Exchange and Transport Systems 1. Digestion and Absorption 2. Haemoglobin 3. The Circulatory System 4. The Heart 5. Cardiovascular Disease 6. Transport in Plants — Xylem 7. Transport in Plants — Phloem Exam-style Questions — pages 201-202 Topic 4 Topic 4A — DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis 1. DNA 2. Genes and Chromosomes 3. RNA and Protein Synthesis 4. Transcription and Translation 5. The Genetic Code and Nucleic Acids Exam-style Questions — page 216 Topic 4B — Diversity and Selection 1. Meiosis and Genetic Variation 2. Mutations 3. Genetic Diversity 4. Natural Selection 5. The Effects of Selection 6. Investigating Selection Exam-style Questions — pages 236-237 Topic 4C — Diversity and Classification 1. Classification of Organisms 2. Classification Using Courtship Behaviour 3. Classification Using DNA or Proteins 4. Using Gene Technologies to Assess Genetic Diversity 5. Investigating Variation 6. Biodiversity 7. Agriculture and Biodiversity Exam-style Questions — pages 259-260 Topic 5 Topic 5 — A: Photosynthesis and Respiration 1. Photosynthesis, Respiration and Energy 2. Photosynthesis and the Light-dependent Reaction 3. Photosynthesis and the Light-independent Reaction 4. Limiting Factors in Photosynthesis 5. Photosynthesis Experiments 6. Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration 7. Aerobic Respiration —The Mitochondrial Reactions 8. Respiration Experiments Exam-style Questions — pages 293-294 Topic 5 — B: Energy Transfer and Nutrient Cycles 1. Energy Transfer in Ecosystems 2. Farming Practices and Production 3. Nutrient Cycles in Natural Ecosystems 4. Fertilisers and Eutrophication Exam-style Questions — pages 310-311 Topic 6 Topic 6 — A: Stimuli and Responses 1. Survival and Response 2. Nervous Communication 3. Responses in Plants 4. Receptors 5. Control of Heart Rate Exam-style Questions — pages 328-329 Topic 6 — B: Nervous Coordination 1. Neurones 2. Synaptic Transmission 3. Muscle Structure 4. Muscle Contraction Exam-style Questions — pages 351-353 Topic 6 — C: Homeostasis 1. Homeostasis Basics 2. Control of Blood Glucose Concentration 3. Diabetes and Blood Glucose Concentration 4. The Kidneys 5. Controlling Blood Water Potential Exam-style Questions — pages 375-377 Topic 7 Topic 7 — A: Genetics 1. Genetic Terms 2. Genetic Diagrams — Simple Monohybrid Crosses 3. Genetic Diagrams — Multiple Allele and Dihybrid Crosses 4. Linkage 5. Epistasis 6. The Chi-Squared Test Exam-style Questions — page 398-399 Topic 7 — B: Populations and Evolution 1. The Hardy-Weinberg Principle 2. Variation and Selection 3. Speciation and Genetic Drift Exam-style Questions — page 414 Topic 7 — C: Populationsin Ecosystems 1. Ecosystems 2. Variation in Population Size 3. Investigating Populations 4. Succession 5. Conservation 6. Conservation Evidence and Data Exam-style Questions — pages 441-442 Topic 8 Topic 8 — A: Mutations and Gene Expression 1. Mutations 2. Mutagenic Agents 3. Cancer 4. Interpreting Data on Cancer 5. Stem Cells 6. Stem Cells in Medicine 7. Regulation of Transcription and Translation 8. Epigenetic Control of Gene Expression 9. Evaluating Data on Phenotypes Exam-style Questions — pages 472-473 Topic 8 — B: Genome Projects and Gene Technologies 1. Genome Projects 2. Making DNA Fragments 3. Amplifying DNA Fragments 4. Recombinant DNA Technology 5. Gene Therapy 6. Gene Probes and Medical Diagnosis 7. Genetic Fingerprinting Exam-style Questions — pages 496-497 Exam Help Glossary Glossary A — As Glossary At — Ce Glossary Ce — Cr Glossary Cy — En Glossary En — Ge Glossary Ge — Hy Glossary Hy — Ly Glossary M — Ne Glossary Ne — Pe Glossary Ph — Pr Glossary Pr — Sa Glossary Sa — Su Glossary Su — Un Glossary Un — Zy Acknowledgements Index Index A — Bu Index C — De Index De — Ge Index Ge — Le Index Li — Nu Index Oe — Re Index Re — Su Index T — X