Homeland Security: An Introduction to Principles and Practice

Description

Homeland Security: An Introduction to Principles and Practice, Fourth Edition continues its record of providing a fully updated, no-nonsense textbook to reflect the latest policy, operational, and program changes to the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) over the last several years. The blend of theory with practical application instructs students on how to understand the need to reconcile policy and operational philosophy with the practical application of technologies and implementation of practices. The homeland security landscape of today is vastly different of that immediately following 9/11 and back when DHS was established in November of 2002. Domestic and international terrorism, gun violence, the geopolitical landscape, critical infrastructure security challenges, pandemic response―particularly with COVID-19―and disaster management have all become more complex and increasingly imperative. The new edition is completely updated to reflect changes to both new challenges and continually changing considerations. This includes: facial recognition, intelligence gathering techniques, information sharing databases, white supremacy, domestic terrorism and lone wolf actors, border security and immigration, the use of drones and surveillance technology, cybersecurity, the status of ISIS and Al Qaeda, the increased nuclear threat, COVID-19, ICE, DACA, and immigration policy challenges―among numerous others. Consideration of, and the coordinated response, to all these is housed among a myriad of federal agencies and departments. Homeland Security, Fourth Edition continues to serve as the comprehensive and authoritative text. The book presents the various DHS state and federal agencies and entities within the government―their role, how they operate, their structure, and how the interact with other agencies―to protect U.S. domestic interests from various dynamic threats. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Table of Contents Preface Acknowledgments Author Introduction Chapter 1 The Idea and Origin of Homeland Security 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Threats to the Homeland: Twentieth-Century Military Movements 1.3 Threats to the Homeland: The Cold War Experience 1.4 Threats to the Homeland: Iran, Terror, and the World Stage 1.5 Threats to the Homeland: North Korea: An Old and New Enemy in the War on Terror 1.6 Threats to the Homeland: Revolution, Riot, and Rightful Demonstration 1.6.1 Domestic Terrorism: Pre-9/11 1.6.2 International Terrorism: Pre-9/11 1.7 Conclusion Keywords Discussion Questions Practical Exercises Notes Chapter 2 Terror, Threat, and Disaster Post 9/11: A New Paradigm of Homeland Security 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Genesis of DHS 2.3 DHS: 2001–2003 2.3.1 Evolution and Change in DHS 2.4 Reorganization and Evolution of DHS: 2003–2015 2.5 DHS in the Age of President Donald J. Trump: 2016–2021 2.5.1 Office of the Secretary of DHS 2.5.2 DHS Directorates 2.5.2.1 Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA): Former Directorate for National Protection and Programs 2.5.2.2 Directorate for Science and Technology 2.5.2.3 Directorate for Management 2.5.3 DHS Offices: Support and Operational Components 2.5.4 Agencies and Entities Swept into DHS 2.5.4.1 U.S. Coast Guard 2.5.4.2 U.S. Secret Service 2.5.4.3 Federal Law Enforcement Training Center 2.5.5 Advisory Panels and Committees 2.6 Conclusion Keywords Discussion Questions Practical Exercises Notes Chapter 3 Homeland Security Law, Regulations, and Budgeting 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Homeland Security Law, Regulations, and Executive Orders 3.2.1 Executive Order 13228: Origin of DHS 3.2.2 Executive Order 13231: Protection of Infrastructure 3.2.3 Executive Order 13223: September 14, 2001 3.2.4 Executive Order 13493 of January 22, 2009 3.2.5 Executive Order 13567 of March 7, 2011 3.2.6 Executive Order 13846 of August 6, 2018 3.2.7 Homeland Security Act of 2002 3.2.7.1 Homeland Security Act and Posse Comitatus 3.2.8 USA Patriot Act: USA Freedom Act of 2015 3.2.9 Specialized Laws 3.2.9.1 REAL ID Program 3.2.9.2 Office of Biometric Identity Management (Formerly Office of US-VISIT) 3.2.9.3 Chemical Facilities 3.2.9.4 Invention and Technology: The SAFETY Act 3.3 Budgeting, Finance, and Funding in Homeland Security 3.3.1 Budget Year: 2003 3.3.2 Budget Year: 2004 3.3.3 Budget Year: 2005 3.3.4 Budget Year: 2006 3.3.5 Budget Year: 2007 3.3.6 Budget Year: 2008 3.3.7 Budget Years: 2009–2010 3.3.8 Budget Years: 2011–2012 3.3.9 Budget Year: 2013 3.3.10 Budget Year: 2014 3.3.11 Budget Year: 2015 3.3.12 Budget Year: 2016 3.3.13 Budget Year: 2017 3.3.14 Budget Year: 2018 3.3.15 Budget Year: 2019 3.3.16 Budget Year: 2020 3.4 Conclusion Keywords Discussion Questions Practical Exercises Notes Chapter 4 Risk Management, Threats, and Hazards 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Risk Management 4.2.1 The Nature of Risk 4.2.2 Risk Assessment 4.2.3 CARVER+Shock Assessment Tool 4.3 Threats and Hazards 4.3.1 Concept of Threat and Hazard 4.3.2 Weapons of Mass Destruction 4.3.2.1 Nuclear 4.3.2.2 Radiological 4.3.2.3 Biological 4.3.2.4 Chemical 4.3.2.5 Improvised Explosive Devices 4.4 Computer Security and Information Infrastructure 4.4.1 Cyber Challenges and the American Electoral Process 4.4.2 National Cyber Security Division 4.4.3 US-CERT: Computer Emergency Response Team 4.5 Private Sector and Homeland Security 4.6 Conclusion Keywords Discussion Questions Practical Exercises Notes Chapter 5 Training and Exercises in Homeland Security 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Grants and Training 5.3 Center for Domestic Preparedness 5.4 Emergency Management Institute 5.5 Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program 5.6 Lessons Learned: Best Practices (LLIS.GOV)/Homeland Security Digital Library (HSDL) 5.7 Community Emergency Response Teams 5.8 National Incident Management System 5.9 Conclusion Keywords Discussion Questions Practical Exercises Notes Chapter 6 DHS Challenges: National versus State and Local, National Security versus Homeland Security 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Challenge of National Policy at the State and Local Levels 6.2.1 Structure at the State Level 6.2.2 Structure at the Local Level 6.2.2.1 Fusion Centers 6.2.3 Funding and Local Initiatives 6.3 Fine Line of National Defense and Homeland Security 6.3.1 Department of Defense and Homeland Security 6.3.2 Intelligence Gathering and Sharing 6.3.2.1 Office of Naval Intelligence 6.3.2.2 Air Force Intelligence 6.3.2.3 U.S. Marine Corps 6.3.2.4 U.S. Army 6.3.2.5 United States Coast Guard Intelligence 6.3.3 Specialized Military/Defense Units Dedicated to Homeland Security 6.3.3.1 National Maritime Intelligence-Integration Office(NMIO) 6.3.3.2 National Reconnaissance Office 6.3.3.3 Weapons of Mass Destruction Civil Support Teams 6.4 Conclusion Keywords Discussion Questions Practical Exercises Notes Chapter 7 FEMA, Response, and Recovery 7.1 Historical Foundation for FEMA 7.1.1 Federal Emergency Management Agency: Pre-9/11 7.1.2 Federal Emergency Management Agency: Post-9/11 7.2 FEMA and Preparedness 7.2.1 Role of Mitigation in the Preparedness Model 7.3 FEMA Response and Recovery 7.3.1 National Response Framework 7.4 Conclusion Keywords Discussion Questions Practical Exercises Notes Chapter 8 Intelligence 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Intelligence 8.3 Terror, Threats, Disaster, and Intelligence Agencies 8.3.1 Federal Bureau of Investigation 8.3.1.1 Joint Terrorism Task Forces 8.3.1.2 National Security Branch 8.3.1.3 NSB and the WMD Directorate 8.3.2 Central Intelligence Agency 8.3.2.1 Directorate of Analysis 8.3.2.2 Directorate of Operations: Clandestine Services 8.3.2.3 Directorate of Science and Technology 8.3.2.4 Directorate of Digital Innovation 8.3.2.5 Directorate of Support 8.3.2.6 Mission Centers 8.3.3 Offices of the Director of National Intelligence 8.3.3.1 National Counterterrorism Center 8.3.3.2 National Counterintelligence and Security Center 8.3.3.3 National Intelligence Council 8.3.4 Defense Intelligence Agency 8.4 Conclusion Keywords Discussion Questions Practical Exercises Notes Chapter 9 Border Security, U.S. Citizenship, and Immigration Services 9.1 Introduction 9.2 U.S. Customs and Border Protection 9.2.1 Border Protection 9.2.1.1 Secure Border Initiative: Its Creation and Demise 9.2.1.2 CBP Air and Marine 9.2.2 CBP and the Facilitation of Trade and Commerce 9.2.2.1 Cargo 9.3 U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services 9.3.1 Current Challenges in Immigration 9.3.1.1 Sanctuary Jurisdictions 9.3.1.2 The DACA Dilemma 9.3.1.3 The Visa Lottery Program 9.3.1.4 The Complexity of Chain Migration 9.3.2 Project Shield America Initiative 9.3.3 Fugitive Operations Program 9.3.4 Cornerstone Initiative 9.3.5 Cyber Crimes Center 9.3.6 US-VISIT Program/Office of Biometric Identity Management 9.4 Conclusion Keywords Discussion Questions Practical Exercises Notes Chapter 10 Transportation Security 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Transportation Security Administration 10.2.1 TSA and the Privatized Airport 10.2.2 Federal Air Marshals 10.2.3 Federal Flight Deck Officers 10.2.4 Law Enforcement Officers Flying Armed 10.2.5 TSA’s Canine Explosive Detection Unit 10.2.6 Risk Management Programs 10.2.7 TSA Technology and Innovation 10.2.7.1 Trace Portals and Their Demise 10.2.7.2 Millimeter Wave/Advanced Imaging Technology 10.2.7.3 Biometrics 10.3 Maritime Security 10.3.1 National Strategy for Maritime Security 10.3.2 Other Maritime Plans 10.3.2.1 National Plan to Achieve Maritime Domain Awareness 10.3.2.2 Maritime Transportation System Security Plan 10.3.3 DHS: Borders and Marine Division 10.3.4 Role of the Coast Guard in Maritime Security 10.3.4.1 Emergency Safety 10.3.4.2 Security and Law Enforcement 10.3.4.3 Cargo and Ports 10.4 Rail and Mass Transit 10.4.1 Representative Security Programs for Rail and Transit 10.4.1.1 Amtrak 10.4.1.2 CSX: The Freight Line 10.4.1.3 SEPTA: Rail Mass Transit 10.5 Conclusion Keywords Discussion Questions Practical Exercises Notes Chapter 11 Homeland Security and Public Health 11.1 Introduction: Public Health and Homeland Security 11.2 Water and Public Health 11.3 Agriculture, Food, and Public Health 11.3.1 Strategic Partnership Program on Agroterrorism 11.3.2 Infectious Animals 11.3.3 Infectious Diseases, Bioterrorism, and Public Health 11.3.3.1 Project BioShield 11.3.3.2 Strategic National Stockpile 11.3.3.3 National Select Agent Registry Program 11.4 Pandemic Threats and Public Health 11.4.1 COVID-19: The Pandemic from China 11.4.2 Planning, Preparedness, and Response to the Pandemic 11.4.3 Response and Recovery under COVID-19 11.5 Conclusion Keywords Discussion Questions Practical Exercises Notes Chapter 12 The Future of Homeland Security 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Growth without Reason 12.3 Curbing Expansionism in Mission 12.4 The Merits of Decentralization 12.5 The Rise of Technology 12.6 The Need for a New Way of Thinking: Jump Out of the Box Notes Appendix A: United States Department of Homeland Security: Homeland Security Advisory Council Appendix B: NIMS Implementation Objectives for Federal Departments and Agencies Appendix C: Sanctuary Cities List Appendix D: Incident Notification and Reporting Form Appendix E: FEMA Strategic Plan Performance Measures Index