The Oxford Handbook of the Reception of Aquinas

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The Oxford Handbook of the Reception of Aquinas provides a comprehensive survey of Catholic, Orthodox, and Protestant philosophical and theological reception of Thomas Aquinas over the past 750 years.This Handbook will serve as a necessary primer for everyone who wishes to study Aquinas's thought and/or the history of theology and philosophy since Aquinas's day. Part I considers the late-medieval receptions of Aquinas among Catholics and Orthodox. Part II examines sixteenth-century Western receptions of Aquinas (Protestant and Catholic), followed by a chapter on sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Orthodox reception. Part III discusses seventeenth-century Protestant and Catholic receptions, and Part IV surveys eighteenth- and nineteenth-century receptions (Protestant, Orthodox, and Catholic). Part V focuses on the twentieth century and takes into account the diversity of theological movements in the past century as well as extensive philosophical treatment. The final section unpicks contemporary systematic approaches to Aquinas, covering the main philosophical and theological themes for which he is best known. With chapters written by a wide range of experts in their respective fields, this volume provides a valuable touchstone regarding the developments that have marked the past seven centuries of Christian theology. Cover The Oxford Handbook of The Reception of Aquinas Copyright Contents List of Contributors Preface: Contextualizing Our Handbook Suggested Reading Bibliography Acknowledgements Chapter 1 Saint Thomas and His Sources Sacred Scripture The Fathers of the Church Thomas and His Philosophical Sources Suggested Reading Bibliography Part I MEDIEVAL RECEPTIONS Chapter 2 Thirteenth-Century Engagements with Thomas Aquinas The Correctoria Controversy and the Conversation Partners Eternity of the World Unicity of Substantial Form Real Distinction between esse and essentia Conclusions Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 3 Τhomas Aquinas’ Reception in Fourteenth-Century Byzantium The First Contacts of the Byzantines with the Thought of Thomas Aquinas The Translations of Demetrios Kydones and Their Impact The Palamite Reaction The Response of Demetrios Kydones Other Followers of Aquinas: Prochoros Kydones, John Kyparissiotes, and Manuel Kalekas Orthodox Theologians Influenced by Aquinas Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 4 Duns Scotus and William of Ockham Duns Scotus William of Ockham Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 5 Fourteenth-Century Western Reception of Aquinas in Meister Eckhart, Hervaeus Natalis, and Durandus of St-Pourçain Meister Eckhart’s Controlled Reception of Aquinas’ Teaching Hervaeus Natalis and Durandus of St-Pourçain: the dialectics of Thomism Suggested Readings Bibliography Secondary Literature Chapter 6 Fifteenth-Century Eastern Reception of Aquinas Aquinas as a Theologian: Explicitly Rejected but Implicitly Excerpted Aquinas as a Philosopher and Exegete of Aristotle Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 7 The Western Reception of Aquinasin the Fifteenth Century Suggested Readings Bibliography Classical Authors Modern Studies Part II REFORMATION AND COUNTER-REFORMATION RECEPTIONS Chapter 8 Sixteenth-Century Reception of Aquinas by Luther and Lutheran Reformers Introduction Luther on Aquinas Luther’s Aquinas Luther and Aquinas Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 9 Sixteenth-Century Reformed Reception of Aquinas Reformed Knowledge of Aquinas’ Works Aquinas among the ‘Sounder Scholastics’ Doctrinal Continuities with Aquinas Conclusion Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 10 Sixteenth-Century Reception of Aquinasby Cajetan Thomas de Vio Cardinal Cajetan: Brief Biography Cajetan’s ‘Intensive Reception’ of Aquinas Themes in Cajetan’s Commentaries on Aquinas An Example of Cajetan’s Extension of Aquinas: The Marriage of King Henry VIII Conclusion: Cajetan’s Legacy of Reception Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 11 Sixteenth-Century Reception of Aquinas by the Council of Trent and Its Main Authors An Ecumenical Council at Trent The Thomist Commentatorial Tradition Aquinas’ Contributions to Trent Actors and Debates The Follow-Up Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 12 Aquinas and the Emergence of Moral Theology during the Spanish Renaissance Theological Method in the School of Salamanca The Moral Life and the Sacrament of Penance Economic and Political Ethics Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 13 Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century Reception of Aquinasin the East Suggested Reading Bibliography Part III BAROQUE RECEPTIONS Chapter 14 The Reception of Thomas Aquinas in Seventeenth-Century Reformed Orthodoxy and Anglicanism Introduction Seventeenth-Century Contextual Issues The University Catholicism Before and After Trent Polemical Pressures Metaphysics The Doctrine of God Predestination Natural Law and Ethics Conclusion Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 15 Seventeenth-Century Lutheran Reception of Aquinas Introduction Lutheran Receptions of Thomas as Theologian Reception of Thomas in Lutheran Methods of Theological Study Reception of Thomas in Dogmatics Thomas as ‘Confessor of the Evangelical Truth’ according to Johann Georg Dorsche Reception of Thomas among Syncretistic-Irenic Lutherans Lutheran View of the De auxiliis Controversy Lutheran Background Balthasar Meisner, Philosophia sobria Johann Hülsemann, De auxiliis gratiae The View from the Eighteenth Century Lutheran Receptions of Thomas as Philosopher The Return of Metaphysics How to Study Philosophy as a Lutheran Results Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 16 The Catholic Reception of Aquinas in the De auxiliis Controversy Physical Predetermination and Aquinas Middle Knowledge and Aquinas Efficacious Grace, Aquinas, and Augustinianism Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 17 Seventeenth-Century Catholic Reception Outside the de auxiliis Controversy The Thomists The Controversies Suggested Reading Bibliography Part IV MODERN RECEPTIONS Chapter 18 Eighteenth-Century Catholic Reception of Aquinas Thomist Beginnings: The Early Eighteenth-Century Reform of Antonin Cloche, OP Catholic Rationalism Probabilism and Its Discontents: Catholic Moral Theology in the Eighteenth Century Conclusion Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 19 Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Greek Reception ofAquinas Greek Readers of Thomas in the Enlightenment Thomas in the Greek Theology of the eighteenth–nineteenth Centuries Conclusion Suggested Readings Bibliography Primary Sources Secondary Works Chapter 20 Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Russian Reception of Aquinas Preliminary notes The Establishment of the First Theological Schools in Russia Peter Mohyla Stephan Javorsky Theophan Prokopovich Reform of Theological Schools in Russia in 1814 and 1869 Struggle for the Use of the Russian Language in Theology Alexander Bronzov Ivan Kireevsky Alexei Khomyakov Vladimir Soloviev Conclusion Selected Reading Bibliography Primary Sources Secondary Sources Chapter 21 Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Reformed, Anglican, and Lutheran Reception of Aquinas Introduction Reformed Reception of Aquinas American Presbyterian Reception of Aquinas Dutch Reformed Reception of Aquinas Anglican Reception of Aquinas Lutheran Reception of Aquinas Conclusion Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 22 Nineteenth-Century Catholic Receptionof Aquinas Before Neo-Scholasticism The New Turn to Thomas Aquinas before Aeterni Patris Italy Germany Protagonists of a Renewed Interest in Thomas Aquinas since 1850 Consolidation of the Neo-Scholastic Movement in Germany Neo-Scholasticism Following Aeterni Patris (1879) Important Thomists in the Last Third of the Nineteenth Century Other countries Summary Suggested Reading Bibliography Part V EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY RECEPTIONS Chapter 23 The Reception of Thomas Aquinas by Neo-Scholastic Philosophers in the First Half of theTwentieth Century Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 24 The Reception of Aquinas in Early Twentieth-century Catholic Neo-Scholastic and Historical Theologians Introduction: Neo-Thomism and the Neo-Scholastic Thomists Early Twentieth-century Controversies and the Reception of Aquinas Neo-Scholastic Thomism and the Nature of Theology Theology and the Nature of Faith Neo-Scholasticism and the Development of Doctrine Neo-Thomism, Moral Theology, and Manuals Neo-Thomism, Christian Morality, and the Spiritual Life Neo-Scholasticism, the New Theology, and the Question of Nature and Grace Conclusion Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 25 The Reception of Aquinas in Twentieth-Century Transcendental Thomism Intellect and Concept Faith Judgement and Analogy Possibility of Revelation Nature and Grace Understanding Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 26 The Reception of Aquinas in Nouvelle Théologie Recovering the Historical Thomas Thomas the Exemplar Parallel Histories A Christocentric Hermeneutic Neoplatonism in Thomas Faith and Reason History and Doctrinal Evolution Natural Desire and the Supernatural After Surnaturel Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 27 Twentieth-Century Orthodox Reception of Aquinas Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 28 The Reception of Aquinas in Kuyper’s Encyclopaedie der heilige Godgeleerdheid Introduction Kuyper’s Encyclopaedie der heilige Godgeleerdheid Volume 1: Kuyper on Aquinas as Doctor Volume 2: Kuyper on Thomas, Tradition, and Reformation Volume 3: Thomas and Abraham amongst the Doctors and Fathers Conclusion Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 29 Karl Barth’s Reception of Thomas Aquinas Introduction Barth’s Earlier Works The Church Dogmatics Conclusion Suggested Reading Bibliography Part VI LATE TWENTIETH CENTURY RECEPTIONS Chapter 30 The Reception of Thomas Aquinas in Moral Theology and Moral Philosophy in the Late Twentieth Century Richard A. McCormick, SJ John Finnis Alasdair MacIntyre Conclusion Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 31 The Reception of Aquinas in Postliberal, Grammatical, and Historical Theology Background Historical Postliberal Radical Orthodoxy Grammatical Conclusion Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 32 Late Twentieth-Century Reception of Aquinas in Analytical Philosophy Introduction Background: The Rise and Dominance of Analytical Philosophy British Engagements with Aquinas A Dominican Interlude Anthony Kenny and the Aquinian Naissance Aquinas in Australia Aquinas in North America Suggested Reading Bibliography Part VII CONTEMPORARY RECEPTIONS OF AQUINAS: PHILOSOPHY Chapter 33 The Reception of Aquinas in the Philosophy of Nature and Science Introduction Science and the Philosophy of Nature in the Thought of Aquinas The Distinction of the Sciences The Four Causes Modern Science Contemporary Science Aquinas and a Contemporary Philosophy of Nature Aquinas and a Contemporary Philosophy of Science Conclusion Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 34 The Reception of Aquinas’ Ethics The Problem of Pagan Virtue The Natural Inclination to Virtue Original Sin The Possibility of Pagan Virtue Insoluble Questions? Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 35 Aquinas’ Reception in Contemporary Metaphysics ‘Existence is not a predicate’ vs. Existence as Actuality The Modal Notion of Essential Predicates vs. Real Essences A ‘Bridging Notion’: The Signification of Common Terms as Semantic Functions Aquinas on Being and Essence vs. Contemporary Conceptions of the Same The Real Distinction Between Essence and Existence in Creatures Divine Simplicity and the Analogy of Being Hylomorphism and the Metaphysics of the Human Mind and Human Nature Conclusion Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 36 The Distinctive Unity of the Human Beingin Aquinas Is Aquinas’ Anthropology ‘Aristotelian’? A Case Study in Labelling In Search of an Authentically ‘Thomistic’ Anthropology Aquinas’ Vision of the Human Person A Distinctive Kind of Life The Horizon Principle The Uniformity Principle Distinctive Unity Summarized Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 37 The Contemporary Reception of Aquinas on the Natural Knowledge of God A Reformed Engagement with Thomas on Natural Knowledge? The Natural and Supernatural Knowledge of God (ST I.1.1) The Insufficiency of Natural Theology (ST I.1.1) Faith Presupposes Natural Knowledge: Praeambula Fidei (ST I.2.2 ad 1) The Demonstration of God’s Existence (ST I.2.2–3) Conclusion Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 38 The Contemporary Reception of St Thomas on Law and Politics The Origin of Political Authority in Nature The Nature of Political Authority Suggested Reading Bibliography Part VIII CONTEMPORARY RECEPTIONS OF AQUINAS: THEOLOGY Chapter 39 God the Trinity The Centrality of Faith in the Trinity The Nature of Trinitarian Theology: A Spiritual Exercise Economy and Theology: Two Ways of Doing Trinitarian Theology Processions and Missions The ‘Treatise’ on God in the Summa theologiae The Divine Persons as ‘Subsisting Relations’ Word and Love Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 40 Creation, Fall, and Providence Introduction: Creation as the Beginning of the Temporal World The Creation of the World The Temporal Beginning of the World The Fall and the Doctrine of Original Sin The Various Stages of the History of Salvation Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 41 Aquinas on Nature, Grace, and the Moral Life Introduction The Big Picture Nature The Moral Life Grace and the Good Moral Life Conclusion Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 42 Jesus Christ Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 43 Receiving Aquinas’ Sacramental Theology Today The Contemporary Context in Sacramental Theology Sources and Methods for Receiving Aquinas’ Sacramental Theology A Trinitarian Sacramental Theology The Christological and Metaphysical Foundation An Original Doctrine of Fruitful Signification A Doctrine of Worship A Historical Vision of Sacred Rites The Use of Analogies and their Confrontation with History Some Key Insights on the Eucharist A Unique Doctrine of the Sacrament of Penance Suggested Reading Bibliography Chapter 44 Reception of Thomas Aquinas in the Area of Eschatology Situating the Eschatology of Thomas Aquinas The Eschatology of Thomas Aquinas: Texts Interpretation and Reception of Thomas Aquinas’ Eschatology The Eschatology of Thomas Aquinas: Contributions End-Time Signs and Millenarianism Death and the ‘Separated Soul’ Resurrection of the Dead Purgatory, Praying for the Dead, and Intercession of the Saints Beatific Vision Condemnation General Judgment The Glorified Universe Suggested Reading Bibliography Index