Reliability Engineering : Probabilistic Models and Maintenance Methods, Second Edition.

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Cover......Page 1 Half Title......Page 2 Title Page......Page 4 Copyright Page......Page 5 Dedication......Page 6 Table of Contents......Page 8 Preface......Page 14 Author......Page 16 1: Introduction......Page 18 2.1 Status Functions......Page 22 2.2.1 Series Systems......Page 24 2.2.2 Parallel System......Page 25 2.2.3 k-out-of-n Systems......Page 27 2.2.4 Equivalent Structures......Page 29 2.3 Modules of Systems......Page 34 2.4 Multistate Components and Systems......Page 35 Exercises......Page 36 3.1 Probability Elements......Page 40 3.2.1 Series Systems......Page 41 3.2.3 k-out-of-n Systems......Page 42 3.2.4 Equivalent Structures......Page 43 3.3 Modules......Page 48 3.4 Reliability Importance......Page 49 3.5 Reliability Allocation......Page 52 3.6 Conclusion......Page 53 Exercises......Page 54 4.1 Reliability Measures......Page 56 4.2 Life Distributions......Page 61 4.2.1 Exponential Distribution......Page 62 4.2.2 Weibull Distribution......Page 63 4.2.3 Normal Distribution......Page 66 4.2.4 Lognormal Distribution......Page 68 4.2.6 Other Distributions......Page 69 4.3 System-Level Models......Page 71 Exercises......Page 75 5: Failure Processes......Page 78 5.1.1 Stress–Strength Interference......Page 79 5.1.2 Shock and Cumulative Damage......Page 81 5.2.1 Arrhenius Model......Page 88 5.2.4 Defect Model......Page 89 5.3.1 Diffusion Process Model......Page 90 5.3.2 Proportional Hazards......Page 95 5.3.3 Competing Risks......Page 97 Exercises......Page 100 6: Age Acceleration......Page 102 6.1 Age Acceleration for Electronic Devices......Page 104 6.2 Age Acceleration for Mechanical Devices......Page 106 6.3 Step Stress Strategies......Page 109 Exercises......Page 110 7: Nonparametric Statistical Methods......Page 112 7.1 Data Set Notation and Censoring......Page 113 7.2 Estimates Based on Order Statistics......Page 115 7.3 Estimates and Confidence Intervals......Page 116 7.4.1 Continuous Monitoring of Test Unit Status......Page 119 7.4.2 Periodic Monitoring of Test Unit Status......Page 122 7.5 Tolerance Bounds......Page 124 7.6.1 Theoretical Construction......Page 126 7.6.2 Application to Complete Data Sets......Page 130 7.6.3 Application to Censored Data Sets......Page 135 7.7 Nelson Cumulative Hazard Estimation Method......Page 139 Exercises......Page 141 8.1 Graphical Methods......Page 146 8.2 Method of Moments......Page 152 8.2.1 Estimation Expressions......Page 153 8.2.2 Confidence Intervals for the Estimates......Page 156 8.3 Method of Maximum Likelihood......Page 160 8.4 Maximum Likelihood Method with Data Censoring......Page 176 8.5.1 Method of Moments with Censored Data......Page 178 8.5.2 Data Analysis under Step Stress Testing......Page 181 Exercises......Page 184 9: Repairable Systems I: Renewal and Instantaneous Repair......Page 190 9.1 Renewal Processes......Page 191 9.2 Classification of Distributions and Bounds on Renewal Measures......Page 198 9.3 Residual Life Distribution......Page 203 9.4 Conclusion......Page 206 Exercises......Page 207 10: Repairable Systems II: Nonrenewal and Instantaneous Repair......Page 210 10.1 Minimal Repair Models......Page 211 10.2 Imperfect Repair Models......Page 217 10.3.1 Kijima Models......Page 220 10.3.2 Quasi-Renewal Process......Page 227 Exercises......Page 231 11: Availability Analysis......Page 234 11.1 Availability Measures......Page 237 11.2.1 Exponential Case......Page 240 11.2.2 Numerical Case......Page 242 11.3 System-Level Availability......Page 244 11.4 Nonrenewal Cases......Page 249 11.4.1 Availability under Imperfect Repair......Page 250 11.4.2 Availability Analysis for the Quasi-Renewal Model......Page 252 11.5 Markov Models......Page 256 Exercises......Page 262 12: Preventive Maintenance......Page 264 12.1.1 Elementary Models......Page 265 12.1.2 Availability Model for Age Replacement......Page 270 12.1.3 Availability Model for Block Replacement......Page 272 12.1.4 Availability Model for Opportunistic Age Replacement......Page 274 12.1.4.1 Failure Model......Page 279 12.1.4.2 Opportunistic Failure Replacement Policy......Page 282 12.1.4.3 Partial Opportunistic Age Replacement Policy......Page 285 12.1.4.5 Analysis of the Opportunistic Replacement Models......Page 288 12.2 Nonrenewal Models......Page 291 12.2.1 Imperfect PM Models......Page 292 12.2.2 Models Based on the Quasi-Renewal Process......Page 294 12.2.3 Models Based on the Kijima Model......Page 298 12.3 Conclusion......Page 300 Exercises......Page 301 13: Predictive Maintenance......Page 304 13.1 System Deterioration......Page 305 13.2 Inspection Scheduling......Page 306 13.3 More Complete Policy Analysis......Page 307 13.4.1 Observable Degradation Processes......Page 311 13.4.2 Unobservable Degradation Processes......Page 314 13.4.2.1 Time Series Methods......Page 315 13.4.2.2 Conditional Probability Methods......Page 317 13.5 Conclusion......Page 321 Exercises......Page 322 14.1.1 Data from a Single System......Page 324 14.1.2 Data from Multiple Identical Systems......Page 327 14.2 Warranties......Page 331 14.2.1 Full Replacement Warranties......Page 332 14.2.2 Pro Rata Warranties......Page 334 14.3 Reliability Growth......Page 336 14.4 Dependent Components......Page 340 14.5 Bivariate Reliability......Page 342 14.5.1 Collapsible Models......Page 343 14.5.2.1 Stochastic Functions......Page 344 14.5.2.2 Correlation Models......Page 347 14.5.2.3 Probability Analysis......Page 348 14.5.2.4 Failure and Renewal Models......Page 352 Exercises......Page 358 Appendix A: Numerical Approximations......Page 360 Appendix B: Numerical Evaluation of the Weibull Renewal Functions......Page 364 Appendix C: Laplace Transform for the Key Renewal Theorem......Page 370 Appendix D: Probability Tables......Page 372 References......Page 376 Index......Page 382