30 Years Since The Fall Of The Berlin Wall: Turns And Twists In Economies, Politics, And Societies In The Post-Communist Countries

Description

The year 2019 marks 30 years since the fall of the Berlin wall. This symbolic event led to German unification and the collapse of communist party rule in countries of the Soviet-led Eastern bloc. Since then, the post-communist countries of Central, Eastern and South-eastern Europe have tied their post-communist transition to deep integration into the West, including EU accession. Most of the states in Central and Eastern Europe have been able to relatively successfully transform their previous communist political and economic systems. In contrast, the non-Baltic post-Soviet states have generally been less successful in doing so. This book, with an internationally respected list of contributors, seeks to address and compare those diverse developments in communist and post-communist countries and their relationship with the West from various angles. The book has three parts. The first part addresses the progress of post-communist transition in comparative terms, including regional focus on Eastern and South Eastern Europe, CIS and Central Asia. The second focuses on Russia and its foreign relationship, and internal politics. The third explores in detail economies and societies in Central Asia. The final part of the book draws some historical comparisons of recent issues in post-communism with the past experiences. Foreword......Page 6 Contents......Page 8 List of Figures......Page 11 List of Tables......Page 14 1 30 Years After the Fall of the Berlin Wall: Trends and the Current State of Communism and Post-communism in Europe and Asia......Page 16 References......Page 23 Part I How Communism and Post-Communism are Tracking......Page 26 Introduction......Page 27 Why Economic Freedom Data?......Page 29 Why Cluster Analysis?......Page 35 References......Page 43 Introduction......Page 44 Creating New Nations and Market-Based Economies......Page 46 The Resource Boom......Page 52 Seeking Diversification......Page 57 Challenges and Conclusions......Page 60 Conclusion......Page 63 Appendix: The Kashgar–Osh–Uzbekistan Railway......Page 65 References......Page 68 Introduction......Page 70 EUropeanisation with an Ever-Increasing Number and Toughness of Conditions......Page 73 Can They Ever Be EUropeanised?......Page 81 Conclusion......Page 89 References......Page 90 Introduction......Page 96 Albanian OC......Page 98 Bulgarian OC......Page 100 Russian OC......Page 102 Serbian OC......Page 104 Chinese OC......Page 106 Vietnamese OC......Page 109 North Korean OC......Page 110 Comparative Impact of OC on Business......Page 112 Drivers of OC......Page 113 Collapse of Communism......Page 114 Globalisation......Page 115 Conclusion......Page 116 References......Page 119 Part II Values, Security and Foreign Policy in Russia......Page 127 The Cold War Paradigm......Page 128 The Fall of the Soviet Empire......Page 132 NATO Expansion......Page 134 The War on Terror......Page 138 Reset vs Overload......Page 141 Deep Freeze......Page 143 References......Page 146 A Troubled Past......Page 150 Russia’s “Instrumentalism”......Page 152 Middle East Catalysts......Page 154 The Balance......Page 155 The IRGC v Rouhani......Page 157 Fatal Flaw......Page 159 References......Page 161 Introduction......Page 162 (Dis-)Integrative Power of Energy in EAEU......Page 167 Institutionalisation of Eurasian Energy Integration......Page 171 Asymmetry of Interests in Eurasian Energy Integration......Page 174 Institutionalisation of Energy Integration in EU......Page 176 Ideas and Realities of European Energy Integration......Page 181 Asymmetry of Interests in European Energy Integration......Page 183 Conclusion and Policy Implications......Page 188 Appendix......Page 191 References......Page 195 Introduction......Page 202 Political Communication and Digital Media......Page 204 Populist Style of Communication......Page 205 Navalny’s Communication: Roles, Purposes, and Messages......Page 207 Framing......Page 209 Sampling and Extraction......Page 210 Elections......Page 211 House......Page 214 Rubles......Page 215 Truth......Page 216 Russia......Page 218 The Frames of Navalny’s Communication......Page 219 Conclusion......Page 220 References......Page 221 Part III Economy and Society in Central Asia......Page 225 Introduction......Page 226 Are Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan Comparable to Singapore?......Page 228 Initial Conditions......Page 229 Key Principles of Successful Reforms in Singapore......Page 232 Assessing Reforms in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan Vis-à-Vis Singapore......Page 237 Conclusion......Page 247 References......Page 248 Introduction......Page 252 Conceptual Framework......Page 253 Food Consumption Survey......Page 255 Fruit and Vegetable Market Survey......Page 257 Fruit and Vegetable Intake Level......Page 259 Fruit and Vegetable Price Index......Page 261 Fruit and Vegetable Intake Model......Page 264 Results and Discussion......Page 266 Conclusion......Page 273 References......Page 274 Introduction......Page 279 Literature Review......Page 282 Data......Page 286 Methodology......Page 289 Conclusion and Policy Recommendations......Page 291 References......Page 292 Introduction......Page 297 Terminological Axiom......Page 299 Constitutional and Statutory Provisions......Page 300 Language and Other Naturalization Requirements......Page 301 General Statutory Prohibition of Discrimination......Page 303 Ethnic Minorities and Their Rights in the Context of Citizenship......Page 304 The Principle of Reduction of Statelessness......Page 306 Sub-conclusion......Page 307 Similarities and Variations of Language Policies Across the Region......Page 308 Current Constitutional and Statutory Provisions......Page 309 Sub-conclusion......Page 310 Social Practices......Page 311 Conclusion......Page 312 References......Page 313 Part IV East and West: History, Liberalism, Culture and Political Change......Page 317 Bauman: A Chronicle of Our Age......Page 318 Emotions and Hospitality......Page 321 Point of Departure: Levinas’ L’inquiétante étrangeté......Page 323 Liberal and Illiberal Dilemmas......Page 326 Contemptuous Passions......Page 328 Can We Tolerate the Intolerant Like Bauman?......Page 330 References......Page 332 Introduction......Page 334 Socialism in One Country......Page 336 State Socialism Under Siege......Page 338 NEP with Chinese Characteristics......Page 343 Socialism in One China......Page 345 Learning from Failure......Page 347 Classes and the State......Page 350 Transitional, Contender State......Page 351 References......Page 353 Introduction......Page 359 Revolutionary Legal Change: Definition......Page 362 February Revolution of 1917......Page 364 Overview......Page 370 Demolition of the Old Legal System......Page 374 Extra-Judicial Bodies......Page 379 Constitution 1918 (RSFSR): The Same Basic Norm—‘Commands’ of the Congress of Soviets......Page 384 Formation of the USSR: The Same Basic Norm......Page 385 Dissolution of Soviet Legal Order in the USSR......Page 389 Dissolution of Soviet Legal Order: The RSFSR......Page 393 The Great Terror of 1937......Page 399 Post-Stalin Soviet Union......Page 405 References......Page 407 Introduction......Page 411 ‘Fleeing Communism’ and Australia’s Anti-communist Agenda......Page 413 The End of ‘White Australia’......Page 416 Yugoslav Migration During the Cold War......Page 418 Vietnamese Migration: The First ‘Boat People’......Page 424 The Cold War’s End and Yugoslavia’s Dissolution......Page 425 Conclusion......Page 427 References......Page 428 Index......Page 432