The Origins of Violence: Approaches to the Study of Conflict
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In this fundamental analysis, Rapoport asks: Why do we have wars? Doesn't humanity always seem on the verge of self-annihilation? Is there something in human genetic structure that makes people want to kill each other? Perhaps this impulse is a matter of good versus evil, or just plain human nature. Rapoport moves beyond cliches by claiming that the sources of modern violence reside in the imbalance between a lag in the system of values inherited from the past and the structure of science and technology that awaits no revision of values to move ahead. As a result, Rapoport argues that the study of war and peace should be considered a science, just like biology or, for that matter, political science. The same rules of empirical engagement and experimentation should apply. Before we can have a theory of peace, we need a methodology of conflict. Using the writings of thinkers who have made significant contributions to the predominant ideas and ideals of our society, Rapoport weaves together the strands of independent thought and research into a single, thought-provoking work. After investigating the whys of violence, using ideological, psychological, strategic, and systemic perspective, Rapoport moves to an in-depth analysis of possible varieties of conflict resolution. He explores such mechanisms as mediation, education, and applying the results of scientific research. He documents the impact of ideologies countervailing dominant ones that place obstacles in the way of peacemaking. Rapoport argues that conciliation and game theories can be utilized to replace the concept of winner take all or total victory. The Origins of Violence is a needed contribution to our understanding of warfare, and provides a forward-looking perspective that can be of wide use to each of the policy sciences, starting with military strategy and ending with international development. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Table of Contents Introduction to the Transaction Edition Preface Introduction Part I: The Psychological Approach Chapter 1: On So-Called Aggression Chapter 2: The Evolutionary Perspective Chapter 3: The Behavioral Perspective Chapter 4: The Attitudinal Perspective: We and They Chapter 5: Uses and Limitations of the Psychological Approach Part II: The Ideological Approach Chapter 6: Ideology: The Substrate of Thought Chapter 7: The Ideal of Individual Freedom and the Cult of Property Chapter 8: The Ideal of Collective Freedom and the Cult of Struggle Chapter 9: Addiction to Power Chapter 10: The Cult of Violence Chapter 11: Ideological Issues of the Cold War Chapter 12: The End of Ideology Part III: The Strategic Approach Chapter 13: The Strategic Mode of Thought Chapter 14: Limits of Individual Rationality Chapter 15: Cooperative Games and Strategic Bargaining Chapter 16: The Intellectualization of War Part IV: The Systemic Approach Chapter 17: The Systemic View of the World Chapter 18: Arms Races Chapter 19: Indices, Parameters, and Trends Chapter 20: The War System Part V: In Quest of Peace Chapter 21: Pacifism Chapter 22: Conceptions of a World Order Chapter 23: Conflict Resolution and Conciliation Chapter 24: Problems of Peace Research Chapter 25: Problems of Peace Education Chapter 26: Concluding Remarks: Can There Be a Science of Peace? Bibliography Name Index Subject Index
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