OECD Investment Policy Reviews: Tunisia 2012

Description

Foreword Table of contents Acronyms and abbreviations Introduction and executive summary Chapter 1. The economic situation and the role of foreign direct investment in Tunisia Macroeconomic context Box 1.1. The Development Strategy for the New Tunisia and the improved business climate Table 1.1. Human development indicators in Tunisia (2009) Box 1.2. The challenge of unemployment in Tunisia The role of FDI in Tunisia’s development FDI trends in Tunisia Box 1.3. FDI statistics in Tunisia Figure 1.1. International investment inflows in Tunisia Figure 1.2. FDI inflows and privatisation share Figure 1.3. FDI inflows to Tunisia relative to countries adhering to the OECD Declaration Figure 1.4. FDI rates of return in countries adhering to the OECD Declaration and in Tunisia (2010) Figure 1.5. Activities of foreign affiliates in Tunisia (2010) Figure 1.6. Investment position of principal OECD partner countries in Tunisia Recent developments in FDI Foreign investor participation in privatisation programmes Table 1.2. Principal takeover and privatisation operations in Tunisia (2005-11) Notes Bibliography Chapter 2. Tunisia’s investment regime and the National Treatment Instrument Box 2.1. The OECD Declaration and Decisions on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises Main features of Tunisia’s investment regime Principle of non-discrimination vis-à-vis foreign direct investment Transfer of capital Exceptions to national treatment notified by Tunisia Sector-specific measures Sectors subject to approval by the Investment Commission Approval procedures Mining, energy and hydrocarbons Agricultural and other lands Fisheries Transport Commercial activities, including wholesale and retail trade Telecommunications Banking, insurance and other financial services Professional services Government grants and subsidies Government procurement Measures at the sub-national level Measures notified by Tunisia for transparency Measures based on public order and essential security considerations Other measures reported for transparency Corporate organisation Sectors subject to public/private/mixed monopolies or concessions Reforms undertaken to liberalise investment restrictions International investment incentives and disincentives Conflicting requirements FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index for Tunisia Box 2.2. Calculating the FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index Figure 2.1. The OECD FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index Figure 2.2. Restrictions by type of measures in Tunisia according to the OECD FDI Index Figure 2.3. FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index and FDI performance Notes Chapter 3. Tunisia’s adherence to the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises Box 3.1. 2011 Update of the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises National Contact Point Tunisia’s National Contact Point General principles for promoting responsible business conduct Disclosure Human rights Box 3.2. International provisions made by the transitional government for the protection of human rights Employment and industrial relations Environment Combating corruption, bribe solicitation and extortion Box 3.3. Recommendations from the CNICM international conference: “Corruption and embezzlement: what to do?”, Hammamet, September 2011 Box 3.4. Objectives of the National Anticorruption Authority (Instance nationale de lutte contre la corruption) Consumer interests Notes Bibliography Chapter 4. Tunisia’s policy framework for investment Box 4.1. The OECD Policy Framework for Investment Investment policy Figure 4.1. Tunisia’s ranking for ease of doing business Figure 4.2. Tunisia’s business climate in a regional context Transparency and accessibility of the legislative and regulatory framework Reducing administrative obstacles to investment Property rights Intellectual property rights Contract enforcement system and dispute settlement mechanisms Expropriation procedures Investment promotion and protection agreements Figure 4.3. Regional comparison of signed and ratified bilateral investment promotion and protection treaties International arbitration Box 4.2. Investor-state disputes involving Tunisia Box 4.3. Arbitration and the new political context in Tunisia Investment promotion and facilitation Box 4.4. Measures in support of enterprises that suffered damages during the revolution Investment promotion strategy Box 4.5. Objectives of the new investment code, according to the Economic and Social Development Strategy 2012-16 Investment promotion agency Box 4.6. Activities of the Centre d’affaires d’intérêt public économique (CAIPE) Rationalising administrative procedures Dialogue with investors Investment incentives and obstacles Measures in favour of SMEs and FDI-SME linkages International and regional investment promotion initiatives Trade policy International trade agreements Facilitation of cross-border trade Box 4.7. The liasse unique (“single bundle”) project Competition policy Infrastructure development Private sector participation in infrastructure Figure 4.4. Foreign direct investment in infrastructure in Tunisia Development of the financial sector Figure 4.5. Overall and financial sector competitiveness rankings Figure 4.6. Tunisia’s financial sector in a regional context (ranking by indicator, same selection of 12 countries as in Figure 4.5) The legal framework Table 4.1. Tunisia’s performance in terms of getting credit The banking sector Figure 4.7. Nature of capital holdings in universal banks in Tunisia The capital market Figure 4.8. Enterprises listed for trading, 1992-2010 (total number) Alternative financial services Guarantee systems Notes Bibliography Chapter 5. Investment framework for green growth Tunisia’s commitment to green growth Box 5.1. Environmental profile of Tunisia: Green growth challenges and opportunities Regulatory framework and policies for green investment International commitments in favour of green growth objectives National policies and plans to promote green investment Box 5.2. Mandatory energy audits Box 5.3. The Tunisian Solar Plan (Plan solaire tunisien) Table: Investment projects under the Tunisian Solar Plan 2012-16 Policies to promote environmentally responsible business behaviour Other features of Tunisia’s green investment framework Institutional capacity to design and implement green investment policies Incentives for green investment Incentives to promote green investments and improve business environmental performance Incentives to promote energy efficiency and renewable energies Table 5.1. Green investment incentives in Tunisia Box 5.4. The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in Tunisia Other incentives Private sector participation in green infrastructure Box 5.5. Challenges and opportunities for private investment in the water sector Box 5.6. Private participation in waste management Notes Bibliography Annex A. Tunisia’s exceptions to national treatment Annex B. Statistical tables Table B.1. Inflows of foreign direct investment to Tunisia Table B.2. Composition of FDI in Tunisia Table B.3. FDI inflows and outflows of countries subscribing to the OECD Declaration on International Investment and multinational enterprises and of Tunisia Table B.4. Stock of inbound FDI of countries subscribing to the OECD Declaration on International Investment and multinational enterprises and of Tunisia Annex C. Bilateral investment agreements concluded by Tunisia Annex D. Double-taxation treaties concluded by Tunisia Annex E. Trade agreements in force in Tunisia Annex F. Tunisia’s participation in international organisations and ratification of international treaties