Cognitive Errors and Diagnostic Mistakes: A Case-Based Guide to Critical Thinking in Medicine

Description

This case-based book illustrates and explores common cognitive biases and their consequences in the practice of medicine. The book begins with an introduction that explains the concept of cognitive errors and their importance in clinical medicine and current controversies within healthcare. The core of the book features chapters dedicated to particular cognitive biases; cases are presented and followed by a discussion of the clinician's rationale and an overview of the particular cognitive bias. Engaging and easy to read, this text provides strategies on minimizing cognitive errors in various medical and professional settings. Front Matter ....Pages i-xiii Introduction (Jonathan Howard)....Pages 1-14 Ambiguity Effect (Jonathan Howard)....Pages 15-19 Bandwagon Effect and Authority Bias (Jonathan Howard)....Pages 21-56 Confirmation Bias, Motivated Cognition, the Backfire Effect (Jonathan Howard)....Pages 57-88 Curse of Knowledge (Jonathan Howard)....Pages 89-91 Decision Fatigue (Jonathan Howard)....Pages 93-102 Feedback Sanction (Jonathan Howard)....Pages 103-108 Financial Bias (Jonathan Howard)....Pages 109-138 Forer Effect (Jonathan Howard)....Pages 139-144 Framing Effect and Loss Aversion (Jonathan Howard)....Pages 145-168 Affective Error (Jonathan Howard)....Pages 169-202 Gambler’s Fallacy and Hot Hand Fallacy (Jonathan Howard)....Pages 203-210 Hasty Generalization, Survival Bias, Special Pleading, and Burden of Proof (Jonathan Howard)....Pages 211-246 Hindsight Bias and Outcome Bias (Jonathan Howard)....Pages 247-264 Illusionary Correlation, False Causation, and Clustering Illusion (Jonathan Howard)....Pages 265-283 In-Group Favoritism (Jonathan Howard)....Pages 285-302 Information Bias (Jonathan Howard)....Pages 303-306 Nosology Trap (Jonathan Howard)....Pages 307-320 Omission Bias (Jonathan Howard)....Pages 321-344 Overchoice and Decision Avoidance (Jonathan Howard)....Pages 345-349 Overconfidence Bias (Jonathan Howard)....Pages 351-367 Patient Satisfaction Error (Jonathan Howard)....Pages 369-378 Premature Closure: Anchoring Bias, Occam’s Error, Availability Bias, Search Satisficing, Yin-Yang Error, Diagnosis Momentum, Triage Cueing, and Unpacking Failure (Jonathan Howard)....Pages 379-423 Representativeness Bias (Jonathan Howard)....Pages 425-443 Screening Errors (Jonathan Howard)....Pages 445-455 Selection Bias and Endowment Effect (Jonathan Howard)....Pages 457-466 Semmelweis Reflex (Jonathan Howard)....Pages 467-500 Systems Errors (Jonathan Howard)....Pages 501-524 Blind Spot Bias (Jonathan Howard)....Pages 525-535 Research Errors (Jonathan Howard)....Pages 537-576 Back Matter ....Pages 577-588