Aristotle and the Animals: The Logos of Life Itself

Description

With a novel approach to Aristotle’s zoology, this study looks at animals as creatures of nature (physis) and reveals a scientific discourse that, in response to his predecessors, exiles logos as reason and pursues the logos intrinsic to animals’ bodies, empowering them to sense the world and live. The volume explores Aristotle’s conception of animals through a discussion of his ad hoc methodology to study them, including the pertinence of the soul to such a study, and the rise of zoology as a branch of natural philosophy. For Aristotle, animal life stems from the body in the space of existence and revolves around sensation, which is entwined with pleasure, pain, and desire. Lack of human reason is irrelevant to an understanding of the richness of animal life and cognition. In sum, the reader will acquire knowledge of the "animal as such," which lay at the core of Aristotle’s agenda and required a study of its own, separate from plants and the elements. This book is intended for students of the history of science, ancient biology, and philosophy and all those who, from different fields, are interested in animal studies and the human-animal relation. Cover Half Title Series Page Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Table of Contents Acknowledgement Introduction Notes Chapter 1 Aristotle, animal boundaries, and the logos of nature 1.1 Away from the stars: Animals’ common nature 1.2 The centrality of sensation, reason, and the articulation of the common 1.3 A new beginning 1.4 Animals, tykhē, and the logos of nature 1.4.1 Animals’ logos from speech to body and life 1.4.2 On the birth of zoology and animals’ equality (and not) Notes Chapter 2 From reason to life: Aristotle on soul division 2.1 Understanding ensouled bodies: Soul partition and homogeneity 2.2 Problematic divisions and attributions: The bipartition and tripartition of the soul 2.2.1 Under the rule of logos: From Plato’s Republic to Aristotle’s Ethics 2.3 A new model: The geometry of the soul Notes Chapter 3 Animals and nature: At the core of Aristotle’s zoocentrism 3.1 Animality and the living body 3.2 Nature, bodies, movement, and life 3.2.1 From the coincidence of causes to the definition of growth 3.2.2 Animal growth, nutrition, and the soul 3.2.3 Growth, movement, and the origin of animals’ life 3.3 Nutrition, reproduction, and the desire for immortality Notes Chapter 4 The sentient animal 4.1 Setting the problem 4.2 From the dialectics of sensation to a new form of alteration 4.3 Sensation and logos 4.3.1 On the inability to sense 4.4 Relating to the world: Sensorial architectures and animal awareness Notes Chapter 5 Animal pleasure: From sensation to imagination and beyond 5.1 The questions about pleasure 5.2 Pleasure and pain within and beyond morality 5.2.1 From virtue to the naturalness of pleasure 5.2.2 Life and pleasure 5.3 Animals’ desire, phantasia, locomotion, and communication 5.3.1 Dreams, memory, and the physiology of phantasia 5.3.2 Body, sensation, and knowledge: In response to the Presocratics Notes Chapter 6 The lives of animals 6.1 The History of Animals in Aristotle’s zoology 6.1.1 The articulation of differences and sameness 6.2 Body constitution, habitats, and life 6.2.1 Diet, pleasure, and the fight for survival 6.3 Animals’ characters and learning 6.3.1 Between psychology and ethological physiology 6.4 The nonhuman paradox: Being political in Aristotle’s zoology 6.4.1 The plasticity of the political animals Notes Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index