Voyages in World History, Volume 1: To 1600

Description

For courses entitled World Civilizations or World History. Volume II can be used for Modern World History. Courses are generally two semesters or three quarters in length and are Freshman/Sophomore level. Some schools offer a one-semester course - these are usually for people who are becoming teachers and may be taught out of the School of Education. This is a growing course, and it may be replacing Western Civ. at some schools or added to the curriculum in addition to Western Civ. Enrollment for world history is about 420,000 students per year. Front Cover......Page 1 Title Page......Page 2 Copyright......Page 3 CONTENTS......Page 6 VISUAL EVIDENCE......Page 22 WORLD HISTORY IN TODAY'S WORLD......Page 23 PREFACE......Page 25 ABOUT THE AUTHORS......Page 32 NOTE ON SPELLING......Page 33 CHAPTER 1 The Peopling of the World, to 4000 B.C.E.......Page 35 The First Hominids: Australopithecines......Page 38 Homo Erectus and the First Migrations Outside of Africa, 2.5–1.8 Million Years Ago......Page 39 The Emergence of Homo Sapiens Sapiens, 2 Million–150,000 Years Ago......Page 40 The First Anatomically Modern Humans Leave Africa......Page 41 The Settling of Eurasia, 50,000–30,000 B.C.E.......Page 42 VISUAL EVIDENCE: The First Art Objects in the World......Page 43 Beringia: The Land Bridge from Siberia to the Americas......Page 46 MOVEMENT OF IDEAS: The Worship of Goddesses......Page 47 Monte Verde, Chile: How the First Americans Lived, 10,500 B.C.E.......Page 49 The Rise of Clovis and Other Regional Traditions, 11,400–10,900 B.C.E.......Page 51 The Oldest Americans?......Page 52 WORLD HISTORY IN TODAY'S WORLD: Kennewick Man in Court......Page 53 The Domestication of Plants and Animals, ca. 12,500–7000 B.C.E.......Page 54 The First Larger Settlements, 7000–3000 B.C.E.......Page 56 Chapter Review......Page 59 CHAPTER 2 The First Complex Societies in the Eastern Mediterranean, ca. 4000–550 B.C.E.......Page 61 City Life in Ancient Mesopotamia......Page 64 The Beginnings of Writing, 3300 B.C.E.......Page 66 Sumerian Religion......Page 67 WORLD HISTORY IN TODAY'S WORLD: The World's First Beer......Page 68 The Babylonian Empire, 1894–1595 B.C.E.......Page 69 Egypt During the Old and Middle Kingdoms, ca. 3100–1500 B.C.E.......Page 71 Egyptian Government and Society......Page 72 The Old Kingdom and Egyptian Belief in the Afterlife, 2686–2181 B.C.E.......Page 74 VISUAL EVIDENCE: The Narmer Palette......Page 75 Egyptian Expansion During the Middle Kingdom, 2040–1782 B.C.E.......Page 78 New Kingdom Egypt and Nubia, 1570–1069 B.C.E.......Page 79 The Kingdom of Nubia, 800 B.C.E.–350 C.E.......Page 81 Wen-Amun's Voyage to Lebanon and Cyprus, 1130 B.C.E.......Page 83 The History of the Ancient Hebrews According to the Hebrew Bible......Page 84 The History of the Ancient Hebrews According to Archaeological Evidence......Page 86 MOVEMENT OF IDEAS: The Flood Narrative in the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Hebrew Bible......Page 87 The Babylonian Captivity and the Recording of the Bible, 612–539 B.C.E.......Page 89 Chapter Review......Page 91 CHAPTER 3 Ancient India and the Rise of Buddhism, 2600 B.C.E.–100 C.E.......Page 93 Complex Society in the Indus River Valley, 2600–1700 B.C.E.......Page 96 The Indo-European Migrations and Vedic Culture, 1500–1000 B.C.E.......Page 99 Changes after 1000 B.C.E.......Page 101 WORLD HISTORY IN TODAY'S WORLD: The Modern Caste System and Its Ancient Antecedents......Page 103 The Life of the Buddha......Page 104 The Teachings of the Buddha......Page 105 VISUAL EVIDENCE: The Buddhist Stupa at Sanchi......Page 107 Life and Society in the Mauryan Dynasty, ca. 300 B.C.E.......Page 109 Mauryan Control Outside the Capital......Page 111 Ruling by Example: The Ceremonial State......Page 112 MOVEMENT OF IDEAS: The First Sermon of the Buddha and Ashoka's Fourth Major Rock Edict......Page 113 South Asia's External Trade......Page 116 Chapter Review......Page 118 CHAPTER 4 Blueprint for Empire: China, 1200 B.C.E.–220 C.E.......Page 121 The First Agriculture, 7000–1200 B.C.E.......Page 124 Early Chinese Writing in the Shang Dynasty, ca. 1200 B.C.E.......Page 125 Shang Dynasty Relations with Other Peoples......Page 126 The Zhou Dynasty, 1045–256 B.C.E.......Page 128 Confucianism......Page 129 Daoism......Page 130 MOVEMENT OF IDEAS: The Analects and Sima Qian's Letter to Ren An......Page 131 Prime Minister Shang Yang's Reforms, 359–221 B.C.E.......Page 133 The Policies of the First Emperor, 221–210 B.C.E.......Page 134 Legalism and the Laws of the Qin Dynasty......Page 136 VISUAL EVIDENCE: The Terracotta Warriors of the Qin Founder's Tomb......Page 137 Han Government and the Imperial Bureaucracy......Page 139 Ban Zhao's Lessons for Women......Page 141 Han Dynasty Conflict with the Xiongnu Nomads, 201–60 B.C.E.......Page 142 Han Expansion to the North, Northwest, and South......Page 143 Chapter Review......Page 145 CHAPTER 5 The Americas and the Islands of the Pacific, to 1200 C.E.......Page 147 The Development of Agriculture, 8000–1500 B.C.E.......Page 150 The Olmecs and Their Successors, 1200–400 B.C.E.......Page 151 The Classic Age of the Maya, 250–910 C.E.......Page 153 The Deciphering of Maya Writing......Page 154 VISUAL EVIDENCE: The Imposing Capital of Teotihuacan......Page 155 Maya Government and Society......Page 157 WORLD HISTORY IN TODAY'S WORLD: The World's First Chocolate......Page 158 The Religious Beliefs of the Maya......Page 159 War, Politics, and the Decline of the Maya......Page 160 MOVEMENT OF IDEAS: The Ballgame in Popul Vuh......Page 161 The Northern Peoples, 500 B.C.E.–1200 C.E.......Page 164 The Peoples of the Andes, 3100 B.C.E.–1000 C.E.......Page 165 The Settlement of the Polynesian Triangle......Page 168 Polynesian Seafaring Societies......Page 170 The Mystery of Easter Island......Page 172 Chapter Review......Page 174 CHAPTER 6 New Empires in Iran and Greece, 2000 B.C.E.–651 C.E.......Page 177 The Rise of the Achaemenids in Iran, 1000–330 B.C.E.......Page 180 Zoroastrianism......Page 181 The Military Success of the Achaemenid Empire, 550–486 B.C.E.......Page 182 MOVEMENT OF IDEAS: Doing What Is Right in The Avesta and the Bible......Page 183 Darius's Coup, 522 B.C.E.......Page 185 VISUAL EVIDENCE: The Parade of Nations at Darius's Palace at Persepolis......Page 187 Achaemenid Administration......Page 189 Greek Expansion in the Mediterranean, 2000–1200 B.C.E.......Page 190 The Phoenicians and the World's First Alphabet......Page 191 The Rise of the Greek City-State, 800–500 B.C.E.......Page 193 WORLD HISTORY IN TODAY'S WORLD: The Olympics......Page 194 The Greco-Persian Wars, 490–479 B.C.E.......Page 195 Politics and Culture in Athens, 480–404 B.C.E.......Page 196 Athens as a Center for the Study of Philosophy......Page 198 Philip and Alexander: From Macedon to Empire, 359–323 B.C.E.......Page 199 The Legacy of Alexander the Great......Page 200 The Parthians and the Sasanians, Heirs to the Achaemenids, 247 B.C.E.–651 C.E.......Page 202 Chapter Review......Page 205 CHAPTER 7 The Roman Empire and the Rise of Christianity, 509 B.C.E.–476 C.E.......Page 207 Early Rome to 509 B.C.E.......Page 210 The Early Republic and the Conquest of Italy, 509–272 B.C.E.......Page 211 The Conquest of the Mediterranean World, 272–146 B.C.E.......Page 212 Roman Society Under the Republic......Page 215 The Late Republic, 146–27 B.C.E.......Page 216 The Social Changes of the Principate......Page 218 Travel and Knowledge of the Outside World......Page 220 VISUAL EVIDENCE: Pompeii......Page 221 Roman Religion and Judaism......Page 225 The Life and Teachings of Jesus, ca. 4 B.C.E.–30 C.E.......Page 226 Paul and the Early Church, 30–284 C.E.......Page 227 MOVEMENT OF IDEAS: Early Christianity in the Eastern Provinces......Page 229 Political Changes of the Late Empire......Page 232 Religious Changes of the Late Empire......Page 233 WORLD HISTORY IN TODAY'S WORLD: Snapshot of Christianity......Page 235 Christianity in North Africa......Page 236 The Barbarian Invasions: The Fall of Rome......Page 237 Chapter Review......Page 238 CHAPTER 8 Hindu and Buddhist States and Societies in Asia, 100–1000......Page 241 Religion and the State in India, 100–1000......Page 244 The Rise of Greater Vehicle Teachings in Buddhism......Page 245 The Rise of Hinduism, 300–900......Page 246 WORLD HISTORY IN TODAY'S WORLD: Snapshot of Hinduism and Buddhism......Page 247 The Beginnings of the Chola Kingdom, ca. 900......Page 248 State, Society, and Religion in Southeast Asia, 300–1000......Page 249 Buddhist and Hindu Kingdoms of Inland Southeast Asia, 300–1000......Page 250 VISUAL EVIDENCE: Borobudur: A Buddhist Monument in Java, Indonesia......Page 253 Buddhism in China, 100–589......Page 255 China Reunified, 589–907......Page 257 MOVEMENT OF IDEAS: Teaching Buddhism in a Confucian Society......Page 259 The Long Decline of the Tang Dynasty, 755–907......Page 261 State, Society, and Religion in Korea and Japan, to 1000......Page 263 Buddhism and Regional Kingdoms in Korea, to 1000......Page 264 The Emergence of Japan......Page 266 Chapter Review......Page 269 CHAPTER 9 Islamic Empires of Western Asia and Africa, 600–1258......Page 271 The Life and Teachings of Muhammad, ca. 570–632......Page 274 The First Caliphs and the Sunni-Shi'ite Split, 632–661......Page 277 Early Conquests, 632–661......Page 278 MOVEMENT OF IDEAS: The Five Pillars of Islam......Page 279 The Umayyad Caliphate, 661–750......Page 281 The Conquest of North Africa, 661–750......Page 282 Baghdad, City of Learning......Page 283 Abbasid Governance......Page 285 Abbasid Society......Page 286 Slavery......Page 287 Politics of the Harem......Page 289 The Breakup of the Abbasid Empire, 809–936......Page 290 VISUAL EVIDENCE: Zubaydah's Road......Page 291 Regional Islamic States, 945–1258......Page 293 Ibn Jubayr's Hajj in......Page 295 WORLD HISTORY IN TODAY'S WORLD: The Hajj Today......Page 296 Chapter Review......Page 299 CHAPTER 10 The Multiple Centers of Europe, 500–1000......Page 301 Justinian and the Legacy of Rome, 476–565......Page 304 The Impact of the Plague and the Arab Conquests, 541–767......Page 306 Religion and State, 767–1071......Page 307 Germanic Society Before......Page 309 The Merovingians, 481–751......Page 311 Charlemagne and the Carolingians, 751–ca. 1000......Page 313 The Age of the Vikings, 793–1050......Page 315 Viking Raids on Great Britain, 793–1066......Page 317 Scandinavian Society......Page 318 Scandinavian Religion......Page 319 The Scandinavians in Vinland, ca. 1000......Page 320 VISUAL EVIDENCE: The Scandinavian Settlement at L'Anse aux Meadows......Page 321 Russia, Land of the Rus, to 1054......Page 324 The Peoples Living in Modern-Day Russia......Page 325 Kievan Rus, 880–1054......Page 326 MOVEMENT OF IDEAS: Ibn Fadlan's Description of a Rus Burial......Page 327 The Growing Divide Between the Eastern and Western Churches......Page 329 Chapter Review......Page 330 CHAPTER 11 Expanding Trade Networks in Africa and India, 1000–1500......Page 333 The Geography and Languages of Sub-Saharan Africa......Page 336 The Spread of Bantu Languages......Page 337 Society and Family Life......Page 339 The Kingdom of Mali in Sub-Saharan Africa......Page 340 Sundiata and the Founding of the Mali Kingdom, ca. 1230......Page 341 WORLD HISTORY IN TODAY'S WORLD: Griottes in Mali......Page 343 Trans-Saharan Trade Networks......Page 344 MOVEMENT OF IDEAS: Mali Religion in the Epic of Sundiata......Page 345 Society in Mali......Page 347 The Sultanates of North Africa......Page 349 Cairo, Baghad's Successor as the Cultural Capital of the Islamic World......Page 350 Eyewitness to the 1348 Outbreak of Plague in Damascus......Page 351 The East African Coast......Page 352 Great Zimbabwe and Its Satellites, ca. 1275–1550......Page 354 VISUAL EVIDENCE: The Ruins of Great Zimbabwe......Page 355 The Delhi Sultanate and the Hindu Kingdoms of Southern India......Page 357 Chapter Review......Page 359 CHAPTER 12 China's Commercial Revolution, ca. 900–1276......Page 361 The Rise of the Northern Song Dynasty, 960 1126......Page 364 The Collapse of the Northern Song, 1126–1127......Page 365 China Divided: The Jin and the Southern Song, 1127–1234......Page 366 Changes in Agriculture and the Rise of South......Page 368 The Currency of the Song Dynasty......Page 369 Urban Life......Page 370 VISUAL EVIDENCE: The Commercial Vitality of Chinese City......Page 371 Footbinding......Page 373 Woodblock Printing and the Invention of Movable Type......Page 374 The Education of Women......Page 375 The Growth of Civil Service Examinations......Page 376 WORLD HISTORY IN TODAY'S WORLD: Exams Today's China......Page 377 Religious Life During the Song......Page 378 Day-to-Day Religious Life......Page 379 Vietnam, Korea, Japan, and the World Beyond......Page 380 MOVEMENT OF IDEAS: The Teachings of Neo-Confucianism......Page 381 Technological Breakthroughs......Page 383 Vietnam......Page 384 Korea......Page 385 The World Beyond East Asia......Page 386 Chapter Review......Page 387 CHAPTER 13 Europe's Commercial Revolution, 1000–1400......Page 389 Agricultural Innovation......Page 392 Population Growth and Urbanization......Page 393 Land Use and Social Change, 1000–1350......Page 394 VISUAL EVIDENCE: The Gothic Cathedral at Chartres......Page 395 Education in Europe Before the Universities, ca. 1100......Page 398 The Import of Learning and Technology from the Islamic World, 1150–1250......Page 399 The Universities Come of Age, 1150–1250......Page 400 MOVEMENT OF IDEAS: Adelard of Bath......Page 401 The Movement for Church Reform, 1000–1300......Page 403 Reform from Above......Page 404 Reform Within the Established Monastic Orders......Page 405 Reform Outside the Established Orders......Page 406 The Crusades to the Holy Land......Page 407 The Crusades Within Europe......Page 410 Continuing Expansion of Trade Outside Europe......Page 411 The Losses from Rural Famines and the Black Death......Page 413 The Hundred Years' War Between England and France, 1337–1453......Page 414 The Consolidation of Monarchy in France and England......Page 415 Chapter Review......Page 416 CHAPTER 14 The Mongols and Their Successors, 1200–1500......Page 419 Religious Practices of the Mongols......Page 422 Mongol Society......Page 423 The Rise of Chinggis Khan......Page 424 Chinggis's Army......Page 425 The United Mongol Empire After Chinggis, 1229–1260......Page 427 The Reign of Ögödei, 1229–1241......Page 428 The Postal Relay System......Page 429 At Möngke's Court......Page 430 MOVEMENT OF IDEAS: A Debate Among Christians, Buddhists, and Muslims at the Mongol Court......Page 431 The Empire Comes Apart, 1259–1263......Page 433 The Il-khanate in Iran, 1256–1335......Page 434 The Chaghatai Khanate and Timur the Lame......Page 436 The Ottoman Military......Page 438 The Ottoman Conquest of Constantinople, 1453......Page 439 VISUAL EVIDENCE: The Siege of Constantinople, 1453......Page 441 The Conquests of Khubilai Khan and Their Limits......Page 443 The Reign of the First Ming Emperor, 1368–1398......Page 444 The Chinese Voyages to South and Southeast Asia and Africa, 1405–1433......Page 445 Chapter Review......Page 447 CHAPTER 15 Maritime Expansion in the Atlantic World, 1400–1600......Page 451 The Aztec Settlement of Tenochtitlan......Page 454 Nahua Religion and Writing System......Page 455 Nahua Society......Page 456 The Inca Empire, 1400–1532......Page 457 Inca Religion and Andean Society......Page 458 The Inca Expansion......Page 459 Inca Rule of Subject Populations......Page 460 VISUAL EVIDENCE: The Ten Stages of Inca Life According to Guamán Poma......Page 461 The Rise of Humanism......Page 464 Early European Exploration in the Mediterranean and the Atlantic, 1350–1440......Page 466 Portuguese Exploration of Africa and the Slave Trade After 1444......Page 468 The Iberian Conquest of Mexico, Peru, and Brazil, 1492–1580......Page 469 Columbus's First Voyage to the Americas, 1492......Page 470 A Comparison of Columbus's and Zheng He's Voyages......Page 471 Spanish Exploration After Columbus's First Voyage, 1493–1517......Page 472 The Conquest of Mexico, 1517–1540......Page 473 The Spanish Conquest of Peru, 1532–1550......Page 475 The Portuguese Settlement of Brazil, 1500–1580......Page 476 MOVEMENT OF IDEAS: The Sacrifi ce of Isaac: A Sixteenth-Century Nahuatl Play......Page 477 The Columbian Exchange......Page 479 Chapter Review......Page 481 CHAPTER 16 Maritime Expansion in Afro-Eurasia, 1500–1700......Page 483 Portugal's Entry into the Indian Ocean, 1498–1600......Page 486 The Dutch East India Company, 1600–1660......Page 488 Origins of the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1483–1660......Page 490 VISUAL EVIDENCE: An Ivory Mask from Benin, West Africa......Page 491 The Politics of Empire in Southern and Eastern Asia, 1500–1660......Page 493 The Rise of Mughal India, 1526–1627......Page 494 WORLD HISTORY IN TODAY'S WORLD: Conflict at Ayodhya......Page 495 The Apogee and Decline of Ming China, 1500–1644......Page 496 Tradition and Innovation: Korea, Vietnam, and Japan, 1500–1650......Page 499 Challenges to Catholicism, 1517–1620......Page 501 Islam, Sikhism, and Akbar's "Divine Faith," 1500–1605......Page 504 Ricci in China: Catholicism Meets Neo-Confucianism, 1582–1610......Page 505 MOVEMENT OF IDEAS: Christianity in China......Page 507 Chapter Review......Page 510 CHAPTER 17 Religion, Politics, and the Balance of Power in Western Eurasia, 1500–1750......Page 513 The Ottoman Empire, 1500–1650......Page 516 MOVEMENT OF IDEAS: The Travels of Evliya Çelebi......Page 519 Foundations of Safavid Iran, 1500–1629......Page 521 Origins of the Russian Empire, 1500–1685......Page 522 The Struggle for Stability in Western Europe, 1500–1653......Page 523 The Rise and Decline of Habsburg Power, 1519–1648......Page 524 Religious and Political Conflict in France and England, 1500–1653......Page 526 The Shifting Balance of Power in Western Eurasia and the Mediterranean, 1650–1750......Page 528 Safavid Collapse and Ottoman Stasis, 1650–1750......Page 529 WORLD HISTORY IN TODAY'S WORLD: The Coffeehouse in World History......Page 530 Political Consolidation and the Changing Balance of Power in Europe, 1650–1750......Page 531 Bourgeois Values and Chardin's View of the "Orient"......Page 536 VISUAL EVIDENCE: Portrait of the Safavid Court......Page 537 Chapter Review......Page 540 CHAPTER 18 Empires, Colonies, and Peoples of the Americas, 1600–1750......Page 543 From Conquest to Control......Page 546 Colonial Society: Gender and Race on the Margins of Empire......Page 550 VISUAL EVIDENCE: Representing the Casta System......Page 553 The Portuguese and Brazil......Page 555 New France, 1608–1754......Page 557 Mainland English Colonies in North America......Page 559 WORLD HISTORY IN TODAY'S WORLD: Thanksgiving and the Mashpee Wampanoag......Page 561 Connections and Comparisons Across the Colonial Americas......Page 562 MOVEMENT OF IDEAS: Prospero and Caliban......Page 565 Chapter Review......Page 568 CHAPTER 19 The Atlantic System: Africa, the Americas, and Europe, 1550–1807......Page 571 African History and Afro-Eurasian Connections, 1550–1700......Page 574 The Ecology and Economics of Plantation Production......Page 578 African Culture and Resistance to Slavery......Page 581 Effects of the Atlantic Slave Trade on West Africa......Page 584 MOVEMENT OF IDEAS: Afro-Brazilian Religion......Page 585 Economic and Military Competition in the Atlantic Ocean, 1650–1763......Page 590 WORLD HISTORY IN TODAY'S WORLD: The World's Sweet Tooth......Page 592 Life on the Eighteenth-Century Atlantic Ocean......Page 593 Abolition of the British Slave Trade, 1772–1807......Page 594 VISUAL EVIDENCE: The Horrors of the Middle Passage......Page 597 Chapter Review......Page 599 CHAPTER 20 Empires in Early Modern Asia, 1650–1818......Page 601 Establishment of Qing Rule, 1636–1661......Page 604 The Age of Three Emperors, 1661–1799......Page 606 The Qing Empire and Its Borderlands......Page 609 WORLD HISTORY IN TODAY'S WORLD: The Train to Tibet......Page 610 Trade and Foreign Relations......Page 611 Russian Imperial Expansion, 1725–1800......Page 612 Reform and Repression, 1750–1796......Page 614 Aurangzeb and the Decline of Mughal Authority, 1658–1757......Page 616 MOVEMENT OF IDEAS: Petitioning Catherine the Great......Page 617 Foundations of British Rule, 1739–1818......Page 620 Tokugawa Japan, 1630–1710......Page 623 Tokugawa Japan and the Outside World......Page 624 VISUAL EVIDENCE: The "Floating World" of Tokugawa Japan......Page 625 Challenges, Reform, and Decline, 1710–1800......Page 627 Chapter Review......Page 628 CHAPTER 21 European Science and the Foundations of Modern Imperialism, 1600–1820......Page 631 The Development of the Scientific Method......Page 634 Practical Science: Economic Botany, Agriculture, and Empire......Page 636 MOVEMENT OF IDEAS: A Japanese View European Science......Page 637 The European Enlightenment, 1700–1800......Page 641 "Enlightened" Ideas: Politics, Economics, and Society......Page 642 Enlightened Despots" in Eighteenth-Century Europe......Page 645 Measuring and Mapping: Exploration and Imperialism in Africa, India, and the Americas, 1763–1820......Page 646 Practical Science, the Royal Society, and the Quest for Longitude......Page 647 Mapping Central Asia, Africa, India, and the Americas......Page 649 WORLD HISTORY IN TODAY'S WORLD: A New Northwest Passage......Page 652 Captain Cook in Polynesia, 1769–1779......Page 654 VISUAL EVIDENCE: The Death of Captain Cook......Page 655 Joseph Banks and the Settlement of Australia......Page 657 Chapter Review......Page 658 CHAPTER 22 Revolutions in the West, 1750–1830......Page 661 Revolution and War, 1763–1783......Page 664 Creating a Nation, 1783–1791......Page 668 Louis XVI and the Early Revolution, 1789–1792......Page 670 The Jacobins and the Reign of Terror, 1793–1795......Page 673 The Age of Napoleon, 1795–1815......Page 674 VISUAL EVIDENCE: Portraits of Power: George Washington and Napoleon Bonaparte......Page 675 The Haitian Revolution, 1791–1804......Page 677 The Latin American Wars of Independence, 1800–1824......Page 679 Simón Bolívar and South American Independence......Page 680 MOVEMENT OF IDEAS: Simón Bolívar's Jamaica Letter......Page 683 Mexico and Brazil, 1810–1831......Page 685 Revolutionary Outcomes and Comparisons, to 1830......Page 688 WORLD HISTORY IN TODAY'S WORLD: Bolivian Politics......Page 689 Chapter Review......Page 690 CHAPTER 23 The Industrial Revolution and European Politics, 1780–1880......Page 693 Origins of the Industrial Revolution, 1780–1850......Page 696 Global Dimensions of the Industrial Revolution, 1820–1880......Page 698 Nineteenth-Century Ideologies: Liberalism, Socialism, Romanticism, and Nationalism......Page 701 Victorian Britain, 1815–1867......Page 702 France: Revolution, Republic, and Empire......Page 704 VISUAL EVIDENCE: The Beehive of Victorian Britain......Page 705 The Unification of Italy, 1848–1870......Page 708 Germany: Nationalism and Unification, 1848–1871......Page 709 Karl Marx, Socialism, and Communism......Page 711 MOVEMENT OF IDEAS: Religious Leaders Comment on Science and Progress......Page 713 Charles Darwin, Evolution, and Social Darwinism......Page 715 Emancipation and Reaction in Russia......Page 716 Reform and Reaction in the Ottoman Empire......Page 718 WORLD HISTORY IN TODAY'S WORLD: Turkey and the European Union......Page 720 Chapter Review......Page 721 CHAPTER 24 China, Japan, and India Confront the Modern World, 1800–1910......Page 723 Qing China Confronts the Industrial World, 1800–1850......Page 726 The Taiping Rebellion, 1850–1864......Page 728 Self-Strengthening" and the Boxer Rebellion, 1842–1901......Page 730 VISUAL EVIDENCE: Family Photographs from Late Qing China......Page 731 Late Tokugawa Society, 1830–1867......Page 735 The Meiji Restoration, 1867–1890......Page 737 Japanese Imperialism, 1890–1910......Page 739 WORLD HISTORY IN TODAY'S WORLD: Japanese Baseball......Page 740 India Under Company Rule, 1800–1857......Page 742 The Indian Revolt of 1857 and Its Aftermath......Page 744 MOVEMENT OF IDEAS: Religion and Rebellion: India in 1858......Page 745 The Origins of Indian Nationalism, 1885–1906......Page 747 Chapter Review......Page 751 CHAPTER 25 State Building and Social Change in the Americas, 1830–1895......Page 753 Confederation in Canada......Page 756 Sectionalism and Civil War in the United States......Page 759 MOVEMENT OF IDEAS: Alexis de Tocqueville's Democracy in America......Page 761 The Gilded Age......Page 764 Conservatives, Liberals, and the Struggle for Stability in Mexico......Page 766 Spanish-Speaking South America......Page 768 From Empire to Republic in Brazil......Page 770 WORLD HISTORY IN TODAY'S WORLD: Pharmaceutical Riches of Amazonia......Page 772 The Fates of Indigenous Societies......Page 773 VISUAL EVIDENCE: The Residential School System for First Nations Children......Page 777 Abolition, Immigration, and Race......Page 779 Gender and Women's Rights......Page 780 Chapter Review......Page 782 CHAPTER 26 The New Imperialism in Africa and Southeast Asia, 1830–1914......Page 785 Political and Economic Motives......Page 788 Ideology and Personal Ambition......Page 789 MOVEMENT OF IDEAS: Bishop Turner's View of Africa......Page 791 Western Africa......Page 793 Southern Africa......Page 796 Conquest and Resistance......Page 799 WORLD HISTORY IN TODAY'S WORLD: Diamonds and AIDS......Page 800 Mainland Southeast Asia......Page 802 Insular Southeast Asia......Page 805 A Case Study of the New Imperialism: Rubber......Page 806 VISUAL EVIDENCE: National Flags......Page 807 Enduring Monarchies: Ethiopia and Siam......Page 810 Chapter Review......Page 813 CHAPTER 27 War, Revolution, and Global Uncertainty, 1905–1928......Page 815 Causes of World War I, 1890–1914......Page 818 Total War in Europe: The Western and Eastern Fronts......Page 820 MOVEMENT OF IDEAS: Emma Goldman's Critique of Militarism......Page 821 Total War: Global Dimensions......Page 824 The Role of the United States......Page 825 The Paris Peace Conference......Page 827 The Weimar Republic and Nation Building in Europe......Page 829 The Mandate System in Africa and the Middle East......Page 830 WORLD HISTORY IN TODAY'S WORLD: The Origins of Iraq......Page 832 The Mexican Revolution, 1910–1928......Page 833 The Chinese Revolution......Page 835 Russia's October Revolution......Page 837 Civil War and the New Economic Policy, 1917–1924......Page 839 Stalin and "Socialism in One Country"......Page 840 VISUAL EVIDENCE: History, Photography, and Power......Page 841 Chapter Review......Page 843 CHAPTER 28 Responses to Global Crisis, 1920–1939......Page 845 The Great Depression in the Industrialized World......Page 848 The Great Depression in Global Perspective......Page 850 Fascism, Communism, and Authoritarianism......Page 851 Mussolini and the Rise of Fascism......Page 852 Hitler and National Socialism in Germany......Page 853 MOVEMENT OF IDEAS: Fascism and Youth......Page 855 Stalin: Collectivization and the Great Purges......Page 858 Ultranationalism in Japan......Page 859 The Rise of Modern Turkey......Page 860 Anticolonial Nationalism in Asia and Africa......Page 861 Gandhi and the Indian National Congress......Page 862 WORLD HISTORY IN TODAY'S WORLD: Caste and Affirmative Action in India......Page 863 Colonialism in Africa and Southeast Asia......Page 865 The Road to War......Page 867 Visual Evidence: Guernica......Page 871 Chapter Review......Page 874 CHAPTER 29 The Second World War and the Origins of the Cold War, 1939–1949......Page 877 German Blitzkrieg and the Rising Sun of Japan, 1939–1942......Page 880 The Allies on the Offensive, 1942–1945......Page 884 Civilians and Total War in Europe and the United States......Page 888 VISUAL EVIDENCE: Warfare and Racial Stereotypes......Page 889 Civilians and Total War in Asia and the Colonial World......Page 892 WORLD HISTORY IN TODAY'S WORLD: Comfort Women......Page 893 The Holocaust......Page 895 MOVEMENT OF IDEAS: Primo Levi's Memories of Auschwitz......Page 897 The New United Nations and Postwar Challenges, 1945–1947......Page 899 The United States, the Soviet Union, and the Origins of a Bipolar World......Page 900 Chapter Review......Page 904 CHAPTER 30 The Cold War and Decolonization, 1949–1975......Page 907 The Cold War and Revolution, 1949–1962......Page 910 The People's Republic of China, 1949–1962......Page 912 The Cuban Revolution and the Cuban Missile Crisis......Page 913 WORLD HISTORY IN TODAY'S WORLD: The Doomsday Clock......Page 915 Spheres of Influence: Old Empires and New Superpowers......Page 916 Superpower Interventions, 1953–1956......Page 918 Decolonization and Neocolonialism in Africa, 1945–1964......Page 920 MOVEMENT OF IDEAS: The Wretched of the Earth......Page 923 The Bandung Generation, 1955–1965......Page 925 Vietnam: The Cold War in Southeast Asia, 1956–1974......Page 928 The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, 1965–1974......Page 930 1968: A Year of Revolution......Page 931 VISUAL EVIDENCE: Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band......Page 933 Death and Dictatorship in Latin America, 1967–1975......Page 936 Détente and Challenges to Bipolarity......Page 937 Chapter Review......Page 939 CHAPTER 31 Toward a New World Order, 1975–2000......Page 941 The United States in the Post-Vietnam Era, 1975–1990......Page 944 From Leonid Brezhnev to Mikhail Gorbachev......Page 945 Revolution in Eastern Europe......Page 946 Post-Soviet Struggles for Democracy and Prosperity......Page 948 VISUAL EVIDENCE: Tanks and Protests in Moscow and Beijing......Page 949 The Late Cold War in Africa and Latin America: Crisis and Opportunity......Page 951 The Late Stages of the Cold War in Central America......Page 952 The Congolese Conflict and Rwandan Genocide......Page 954 South African Liberation......Page 955 WORLD HISTORY IN TODAY'S WORLD: Truth, Justice, and Human Rights......Page 957 Iran and Iraq......Page 958 The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict......Page 960 Japan and the "Asian Tigers"......Page 963 Deng Xiaoping's China and Its Imitators......Page 965 The European Union......Page 966 Structural Adjustment and Free Trade in the Third World......Page 968 MOVEMENT OF IDEAS: Jihad vs. McWorld......Page 969 Chapter Review......Page 972 CHAPTER 32 Voyage into the Twenty-First Century......Page 975 Economic Globalization......Page 978 MOVEMENT OF IDEAS: The World Is Flat......Page 983 Global Security......Page 985 VISUAL EVIDENCE: The Fall of Saddam Hussein......Page 989 Health and the Environment......Page 991 Demography and Population Movement......Page 994 Questions of Identity......Page 996 WORLD HISTORY IN TODAY'S WORLD: Studying World History......Page 999 Gender, Human Rights, and Democracy......Page 1000 Global Culture......Page 1003 Chapter Review......Page 1005 Notes......Page 1008 Text Credits......Page 1015 Index......Page 1018