Deep Foundations for Infrastructure Development in India: Proceedings of DFI-India 2021 Annual Conference

Description

This book contains select proceedings of the 10th annual conference of Deep Foundations Institute of India, DFI India, 2021.  It presents papers on 1) Geotechnical Investigation, Testing, Instrumentation, Monitoring, and Quality Management, 2) Ground Improvement Techniques, 3) Piling and Deep Foundation Techniques, 4) Earth Retention and Deep Excavation Support, 5) Research, Experimental and Numerical Methods in Deep Foundations and Deep Excavation Technologies, and 6) Safe and Efficient Geo-Construction. This book has seventeen articles, each with a specific field application value. The probabilistic approach in evaluating the field data, namely SPT N and pressure meter modulus for arriving at the geotechnical design parameters, multiphase site investigation program for complex underground construction activity, the safety of working platforms in foundation construction projects, usage of liner piles to support the reaction platform for static loading tests for piles, choice of foundation system for three bridges, emphasis on the importance of selecting an appropriate foundation system for the safe and timely completion of the project, challenges in deep excavations, constructions in confined spaces, groundwater level variations, and their influence on tunneling have been discussed. The usefulness of numerical analysis in the design of deep excavations and ground improvement projects is highlighted. The articles covered in this book are of immense value to professionals and academicians for improving their work practice. Foreword Preface Contents About the Editors Geotechnical Investigation, Testing, Instrumentation, Monitoring and Quality Management Advanced Geotechnical Investigation and Data Interpretation for Complex Underground Structures 1 Introduction 2 Confirmatory Geotechnical Investigation Before Excavation 3 Confirmatory Geotechnical Investigation During Construction 4 Geological and Geotechnical Interpretation 4.1 Development of Stratigraphy 4.2 Identification of Prominent Geological Features 4.3 Groundwater Condition 4.4 In Situ Stress Conditions 4.5 Strata Characterization 4.6 Derivation of Strength Parameters 4.7 Summary References Performance of Stone Columns in Soft Clay—A Comparative Study of Bearing Capacity of Soil Estimated Using Code Method, Actual Field Load Tests, and Observations from Numerical Model—A Case Study 1 Introduction 2 Site Description and Sub-soil Profile 3 Seismic Performance of the Ground 4 Safe Bearing Capacity and Settlement of In Situ Soil 5 Objective of Ground Improvement 6 Design Challenge 7 Design of Ground Improvement Scheme 8 Ground Improvement Methodology 9 Quality Assurance/Quality Control of Stone Columns 10 Validation of Ground Improvement 11 Conclusion 12 Site Photos of Stone Column Load Test References Use of Reliability-Based Approach to Determine Geotechnical Parameters of Soil Site 1 Introduction 2 Geotechnical Investigation to Determine Field Parameters 3 Assessment of 95 Percentile Values 4 Conclusion References Liner Piles Used as Support to Kentledge for Initial Compression Load Test 1 Introduction 2 Project Scope and Stratigraphy 3 Design Load and Initial Pile Load Test 4 Site Issue in Initial Load Test and Solution 4.1 Site Issue 4.2 Solution 5 Discussion on Liner Pile Settlement During Kentledge Loading 6 Discussion of Initial Pile Load Test Results 7 Conclusion Reference Ground Improvement Techniques Development of Design Charts for Sand Compaction Pile Method of Improvement for Loose to Medium Dense Sands 1 Introduction 2 Factors Affecting the Design of SCP Treatment 3 Design Charts for Axial Capacity of MCCF: Experimental Results 4 Design Charts for Axial Capacity of MCCF: FE Results of Lab-Scale Model 5 Design Chart for Axial Capacity of ICCF: Experimental and FE Results 6 Design Chart for MCCF: Experimental and Field-Scale FE Results 7 Conclusions References Ground Improvement Using Stone Columns to Mitigate Liquefaction, Reduce Settlements and to Increase Safe Bearing Capacity of In-Situ Soils—A Case Study 1 Introduction 2 Site Description and Sub-Soil Profile 3 Seismic Performance of the Ground 4 Ground Improvement Using Vibro-Replacement 5 Installation of Stone Columns 6 Quality Assurance/Quality Control of Stone Columns 7 Validation of Ground Improvement 8 Conclusion References Piling and Deep Foundation Techniques A Study on the Evaluation of Pile Bearing Capacity Factor and Adhesion Factor in IS 2911 1 Introduction 2 Existing Methods for Prediction of Nq and α 3 Provisions Available in National and International Standards 4 Comparison of IS 2911 Factors With Existing Methods and Codes 5 Regression Analysis 6 Conclusions References How Choice of Foundation Can Alter the Fate of a Bridge Project—Three Case Studies 1 Introduction 2 Case Study 1: Twin Bridges Over the River Yamuna Adjacent to the Existing Nizamuddin Bridges, Delhi—A Success Story for Fast Construction 3 Secret of Success 4 Span Arrangement and Structural Scheme Finally Adopted 5 Construction Speed 6 Key to Success and Lessons Learnt 7 Case Study 2: Construction of New Railway Bridge Over River Yamuna Adjacent to Old Rail-cum-Road Bridge, Delhi—A Case of Wrong Choice of Foundation Leading to Inordinate Delay 8 Case Study 3: Construction of Bridge at Bagchhal Over Govind Sagar Reservoir Near Swarghat, Bilaspur (H.P)—A Case of Wrong Choice of Site, Structure Type and Foundation Type Leading to Time and Cost Overrun 9 Conclusions Soil–Structure Interaction for a Tension Pile Pulled with Strand 1 General 2 Unique Pile 3 Transfer of Force 4 Strain Gauges 5 Geotechnical Data (Arab Centre and for Engineering Studies, 2015) 6 Structural Data 7 Conclusion Reference Earth Retention and Deep Excavation Support Challenges of Earthen Cofferdam in Deep Excavations for Waterfront Structures, a Case Study 1 Introduction 1.1 Earthen Cofferdam 1.2 Safety 2 Case Study 2.1 Location 2.2 Physiography 2.3 Cofferdam and Excavation Details 3 Geotechnical Study 3.1 Subsoil Exploration 3.2 Laboratory Testing 4 Analysis 4.1 Introduction to PLAXIS-2D (2014) 4.2 Analysis with PLAXIS-2D 5 Chronology and Challenges 5.1 Non-Availability of Proposed Filling Material at Nearby Vicinity 5.2 Difficulties in Compaction 5.3 Submergence of Cofferdam 5.4 Continuous Dewatering 5.5 Checking Stability of the Cofferdam with Actual Soil (Clay) as Fill Material 6 Summary and Conclusions References Confined Space and Inner-City Projects—Future Challenge and Opportunity for Diaphragm Walling 1 Increasing Demands for Complexity 2 The Working Principle; Focusing on Confined Situations 2.1 Planning and Adjustment 2.2 Construction Sequence 3 Equipment and Tools 4 Confined Jobsites 4.1 Hung Hom Station, Hong Kong, 2013 4.2 Grand Metro Paris, France, 2018 4.3 Dam Recovery Rosshaupten, Germany 2018 5 Conclusion References Effects of Change in the Support System on Temporary Secant Pile Wall 1 Introduction 2 Site Geology 3 Construction Methodology 3.1 Supports System 3.2 Construction Sequence 4 Finite Element Analysis 5 Estimation of Ground Movements and Tensile Strain of Adjacent Buildings 5.1 Limiting Tensile Strain Method 6 Results and Discussion 7 Summary References Overview of Enabling Works for Waterfront Structures—Design and Construction 1 Introduction 2 Hydrological Parameters (Project documents and reports on site-based data for waterfront structures xxxx) 3 Cofferdam 4 Piling Platform 5 Temporary Access Bridge 6 Load Out Jetty 7 Temporary Walkway 8 Summary 9 Conclusion References Realistic Estimation of Water Table Depth for Design Optimisation of Bored Tunnel and Cut and Cover Structures for Underground Metro 1 Introduction 2 Model of the study 2.1 Project-Specific Hydrological Feature Study 2.2 Parametric Study on the Effect of Water Table 3 Groundwater Estimation Model Study 3.1 Assessment of Dynamic Groundwater Resources 3.2 Assessment of In-Storage Groundwater Resources 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 Effects of Different Water Table Depths on Design of Tunnel at the Same Depths with Same Ground Condition 5 Review of Project-Specific Hydrological Model and Proposed Methodology of Groundwater Estimation 6 Conclusions References Research, Experimental and Numerical Methods in Deep Foundations and Deep Excavation Technologies Comparison of Ground Movement Near Buildings Due to Underground Station Excavation With Analytical and Numerical Methods 1 Introduction 2 Description of Site 2.1 Details of the Buildings 3 Ground Settlement Based on Analytical Approach 4 Numerical Modelling 4.1 Analysis using PLAXIS 2D 5 Field Instrumentation Measurements 6 Results and Discussion 7 Summary References Numerical Study on Uplift Capacity of Helical Pile Embedded in Clay 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Test 3 Numerical Test 4 Summary 5 Conclusion References Safe and Efficient Geo-Construction Rectification Measures and Restoration of Distressed Pump Foundations 1 Introduction 2 Topography of Site 3 Subsoil Data 4 Problem Description 5 Remedial Measures 6 Design Considerations 7 Post Improvement Performance And Concluding Remarks References