Ite missa est—Ritual Interactions around Mass in Chinese Society (1583–1720)

Description

This study is the first book that explores how the Catholic Mass was introduced and propagated in late Imperial China. Its dynamic exploration reveals the tension between localized and global forms of Catholic rituals, especially the tension faced by missionaries and Chinese Catholics, who were caught up between the Chinese tradition and the Catholic one. Drawing on rich primary sources, some of which are rarely noticed in the field, this book unfolds the intriguing interactions between the Mass and various cultural expressions of Chinese society, including traditional religion, architecture, art, literature, government, and theology. 2 7 Ite missa est—Ritual Interactions around Mass in Chinese Society (1583–1720) ‎Contents ‎Acknowledgments ‎Figures and Tables ‎Figures ‎Tables ‎Abbreviations ‎Introduction to Ritual Interactions around Mass ‎1. Prologue ‎2. Paradigm of Ritual Interaction ‎3. Ite Missa Est ‎4. Structure and Sources ‎Chapter 1. Object of Worship: Grand Ritual of Sacrifice to the Lord of Heaven ‎1. The Lord of Heaven as Object of Worship ‎1.1. Is Mass a Usurpation of the Worship of Heaven? ‎1.2. Is Heaven Identical to the Lord of Heaven? ‎1.3. Twofold Depiction of the Ultimately Honorable and the Ultimately Intimate ‎2. Jesus as Object of Worship in Mass ‎2.1. Title as the Lord of Heaven Jesus ‎2.2. Relationship between Reception of Suffering and Mass ‎2.3. Litany of Jesus’ Holy Body ‎3. Conclusion ‎Chapter 2. Intention of Worship: Mass for Salvation of the Souls of the Deceased ‎1. Salvation of the Souls of the Deceased at Catholic Funeral ‎1.1. Sharing Concern of the Souls of the Deceased ‎1.2. Catholic Funeral with Mass at the Core ‎1.3. Best Practices to Express Filial Piety ‎2. Relationship between Mass and Sacrifice to Ancestors ‎2.1. Disadvantages of Forbidding Sacrifice to Ancestors ‎2.2. Original Intention of Sacrifice to Ancestors ‎2.3. Distinction between Mass and Sacrifice to Ancestors ‎2.4. Sacrifice to Parents and Sacrifice to the Lord of Heaven ‎2.5. Practical Intention of Vegetarian Fasting as Comparison ‎3. Salvation of Souls of the Deceased in the Communion of Merits ‎3.1. Most Efficacious Practices for the Deceased ‎3.2. Two Types of Narration of Apparition of A Deceased Soul ‎3.3. Statutes of Confraternities Regarding the Deceased ‎3.4. Care of the Souls of Deceased Strangers ‎4. Conclusion ‎Chapter 3. Performer of Worship: Indigenous Clergy along with Indigenous Liturgy ‎1. Catholic Priest’s Multiple Identities in China ‎1.1. Exclusive Celebrant of Mass ‎1.2. Western Confucianist ‎1.3. Religious Professional ‎1.4. Conspirator ‎2. Anticlericalism against Catholic Priest ‎2.1. Anticlericalism in Chinese Society ‎2.2. Sexuality ‎2.3. Violence ‎2.4. Sorcery ‎3. Indigenous Clergy and Indigenous Liturgy ‎3.1. Establishment of Indigenous Clergy ‎3.2. Ritual Manuals for Mass ‎3.3. Sacrificial Hat ‎3.4. Wu Li and “The Musical Sound of Mass” ‎4. Conclusion ‎Chapter 4. Place of Worship: Ritual Space and Ritual Time of Mass ‎1. Ritual Space of Mass ‎1.1. Hall of the Lord of Heaven ‎1.2. The Altar and Objects around It ‎1.3. Beamless Palace ‎2. Ritual Time of Mass ‎2.1. Day of Worship ‎2.2. List of Worship ‎2.3. To Observe the Day of Worship ‎3. Christendom in Chinese Society ‎3.1. Ritual of the Assembly ‎3.2. Female Catholics’ Participation ‎3.3. Foundation of Christendom ‎4. Conclusion ‎Chapter 5. On-going Interactions ‎1. Glocalization of Catholic Rituals in Chinese Society ‎2. Applications of the Metaphor of Weaving ‎3. Tension between Inheritance and Adaptation ‎4. The Intermediary ‎Bibliography ‎Index