Defected Ground Structure (DGS) Based Antennas: Design Physics, Engineering, and Applications

Description

Defected Ground Structure (DGS) Based Antennas A unique exploration of critical topics in defected ground structures and their applications In Defected Ground Structure (DGS) Based Antennas: Design Physics, Engineering, and Applications, three distinguished authors deliver a comprehensive discussion of key topics related to defected ground structures (DGSs) and their applications to advanced antenna designs, including microstrips, arrays, dielectric resonators, PIFA, and printed monopoles. The book explores major advances in the technology that have occurred since 2006, as well as the fundamentals of the research in the subject. It also presents future possibilities for new researchers to assist in the development of new studies and technologies for practicing engineers and developers. Readers will discover: A thorough introduction to the concept and evolution of defected ground structure-based antennas In-depth examinations of defected ground structures for printed antenna feeds Comprehensive discussions of the use of defected ground structures to control unwanted modes under a microstrip patch for reducing cross-polarized radiation Enlightening descriptions of defected ground structures used to control mutual coupling in arrays and MIMO designs Perfect for students, researchers, and professionals with an interest in wireless communications, Defected Ground Structure (DGS) Based Antennas: Design Physics, Engineering, and Applications will also earn a place in the libraries of engineers and scientists working in space exploration and defense organizations. Cover Title Page Copyright Contents Author Biographies Preface Acknowledgments Chapter 1 Introduction to DGS: The Concept and Evolution 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Evolution of DGS 1.3 Definition and Basic Concept 1.4 Geometries and Classification 1.4.1 Unit Cell DGS 1.4.1.1 Dumbbell‐Shaped DGS 1.4.1.2 Variations of Dumbbell‐Shaped DGS 1.4.1.3 Spiral‐Shaped DGS 1.4.1.4 Variations of Spiral‐Shaped DGS 1.4.1.5 H‐Shaped DGS 1.4.1.6 U‐ and V‐Shaped DGSs 1.4.1.7 Ring‐Shaped DGS 1.4.1.8 Other DGS Geometries 1.4.1.9 Tunable DGS Geometries 1.4.2 Periodic Uniform DGS 1.4.3 Periodic Nonuniform DGS 1.4.4 Asymmetric DGS 1.5 An Outline of Applications References Chapter 2 Theoretical Analysis and Modeling 2.1 Introduction 2.2 LC and RLC Modeling 2.2.1 Equivalent Circuit Parameter Extraction 2.2.2 Utilization of the Extracted LC for n‐Pole DGS Filter Design 2.2.3 RLC Circuit Modeling 2.3 LC Circuit Modeling: Variants and Improvements 2.3.1 Pi‐Type Equivalent Circuit 2.3.2 Modeling of Spiral DGS with Periodic Resonance 2.3.3 Modeling of DGS with Aperiodic Stopbands 2.3.4 Some Modifications in Modeling Approach 2.4 Transmission Line Modeling 2.5 Quasistatic Modeling 2.5.1 Microstrip Gap Model 2.5.2 Microstrip Cross Junction Model 2.5.3 Modeling of the Rest Current Paths 2.6 Modeling of Isolated DGS for Antenna Applications 2.7 Comments on the Modeling Techniques References Chapter 3 DGS for Printed Antenna Feeds 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Impedance Matching of Antenna Feed Lines 3.3 Controlling the Harmonics in Printed Antennas 3.3.1 Suppression of Second Harmonic (2f0) 3.3.2 Suppression up to Third Harmonic (3f0) 3.3.3 Suppression up to Fourth Harmonic (4f0) 3.4 Filtering Antenna Using DGS 3.5 Improved Isolation Between Antenna Ports 3.6 Improvement of Antenna Bandwidth 3.6.1 Lowering the Q‐Factor 3.6.2 Adjusting Higher Resonances 3.7 Antenna Miniaturization References Chapter 4 DGS to Control Orthogonal Modes in a Microstrip Patch for Cross‐Pol Reduction 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Understanding of Radiating Modes in Microstrip Patches 4.2.1 Rectangular Patch 4.2.2 Circular Patch 4.3 What Were the Known Methods to Deal with the Cross‐Polarized Fields? 4.4 Suppression of Cross‐Polarized Fields by DGS Integration Technique: Coax‐Fed Patches 4.4.1 Controlling the OCDM and Cross‐Polarized Radiations in E‐Plane 4.4.2 Controlling of TM21 Mode and Cross‐Polarized Radiations in Circular and Elliptical Patches 4.4.3 Controlling TM02 Mode in a Rectangular Patch and H‐Plane Cross‐Polarized Radiations 4.4.4 Visualization of the Modal Fields and the Effect of the DGSs 4.4.5 Universal DGS: Applicable to Both Circular and Rectangular Patch Geometries 4.4.6 DGS for Triangular Microstrip Patch 4.5 Suppression of Cross‐Polarized Fields by DGS Integration Technique: Microstrip‐Fed Patches 4.6 Recent Works and New Trends 4.6.1 New DGS Geometries 4.6.2 New Design Concept of Substrate Field Symmetry 4.6.3 Reconfigurable Grid DGS 4.7 New Endeavor: Addressing XP Issues Across Skewed Radiation Planes 4.8 Practical Aspects of DGS‐Integrated Antennas References Chapter 5 Multi Parametric Cross‐Polar Sources in Microstrip Patches and DGS‐Based Solution to All Radiation Planes 5.1 Background and Introduction 5.2 Mathematical Explanations of Cross‐Polarized Fields 5.2.1 Sources of Ex and Ey Components 5.2.2 How to Combat Ey Components 5.3 Detailed Investigations in to the XP Sources 5.3.1 Rectangular Patch 5.3.2 Square and Circular Patches 5.4 DGS‐Based Designs for Low XP in All Radiation Planes 5.4.1 Design of Microstrip Line‐Fed Circular Patch Antenna 5.4.2 Design of a Coax‐Fed Rectangular Patch 5.4.3 Designing a Patch with Non‐proximal DGS 5.5 Conclusion References Chapter 6 DGS‐Based Low Cross‐Pol Array Design and Applications 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Low Cross‐Pol Microstrip Array Design 6.2.1 Coax‐Fed Microstrip Array 6.2.2 Microstrip Line‐Fed Array 6.3 Array Design for Reduced Mutual Coupling 6.4 DGS‐Based Array for Different Applications 6.4.1 Elimination of Scan Blindness 6.4.2 Millimeter‐Wave Imaging with Suppressed XP 6.4.3 High‐Performance Rectenna Array 6.4.4 Enhancement of Scanning Range References Chapter 7 DGS Based Mutual Coupling Reduction: Microstrip Array, 5G/MIMO, and Millimeter Wave Applications 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Mutual Coupling Mechanisms 7.2.1 Mutual Coupling Through Radiations 7.2.2 Mutual Coupling by Surface Waves 7.2.3 Coupling Through Ground Plane Currents 7.3 Known Techniques to Control Mutual Coupling 7.4 DGS Based Solutions to Mutual Coupling 7.5 Major Applications 7.5.1 Elimination of Scan Blindness in Large Arrays 7.5.2 Enhancement of Scan Range in Phased Array 7.5.3 DGS Based Compact Antennas for 5G/MIMO/Millimeter Wave Applications 7.6 Conclusion References Chapter 8 DGS Applied to Circularly Polarized Antenna Design 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Basic Principle of CP Generation in a Microstrip Patch 8.3 Some Important Aspects and Challenges in CP Designs 8.4 DGS Integrated Single‐Fed CP Antenna Design 8.4.1 Use of Slot‐Type DGS 8.4.2 Use of Fractal DGS 8.4.3 Use of Grid DGS 8.4.4 Use of PIN Switch Integrated Reconfigurable DGS 8.5 DGS as a Supportive Component to CP Design 8.5.1 DGS for Improved Surface Current 8.5.2 DGS for Balanced Orthogonal Modes 8.5.3 DGS for Optimizing CP Bandwidth 8.5.4 DGS for Beam Squint Correction and Improved CP Quality 8.6 Evolving Applications: DGS in SIW‐Based CP Antennas References Chapter 9 DGS Integrated Printed UWB Monopole Antennas 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Improved Impedance Bandwidth and Multiband Operation 9.2.1 Improved Impedance Matching of UWB Antennas 9.2.2 DGS Induced Resonances for Improved UWB Operation 9.3 Band Notch Characteristics in UWB Antennas 9.3.1 DGS Based UWB Antenna to Avoid Interference up to C‐Band 9.3.2 UWB Antenna for Multi‐Notch Band Extending to X‐Band 9.4 Applications to Band Notch UWB MIMO Antennas 9.5 Time Domain Behavior of DGS Based UWB Monopole 9.6 Conclusion References Index EULA