Handbook on Prisons

Description

The second edition of the Handbook on Prisons provides a completely revised and updated collection of essays on a wide range of topics concerning prisons and imprisonment. Bringing together three of the leading prison scholars in the UK as editors, this new volume builds on the success of the first edition and reveals the range and depth of prison scholarship around the world. The Handbook contains chapters written not only by those who have established and developed prison research, but also features contributions from ex-prisoners, prison governors and ex-governors, prison inspectors and others who have worked with prisoners in a wide range of professional capacities. This second edition includes several completely new chapters on topics as diverse as prison design, technology in prisons, the high security estate, therapeutic communities, prisons and desistance, supermax and solitary confinement, plus a brand new section on international perspectives. The Handbook aims to convey the reality of imprisonment, and to reflect the main issues and debates surrounding prisons and prisoners, while also providing novel ways of thinking about familiar penal problems and enhancing our theoretical understanding of imprisonment. The Handbook on Prisons, Second edition is a key text for students taking courses in prisons, penology, criminal justice, criminology and related subjects, and is also an essential reference for academics and practitioners working in the prison service, or in related agencies, who need up-to-date knowledge of thinking on prisons and imprisonment. Cover Half title Title page Copyright Page Table of Contents List of illustrations Acknowledgement List of contributors Abbreviations Introduction Bibliography Part I: Prisons in context 1. Prisons in context Introduction As it was then As it is now Learning from our past Learning from others Conclusion Note Bibliography 2. Prison histories, 1770s–1950s: Continuities and contradictions The mid-Victorian prison: deterrence and bureaucratic administration, 1850–95 Prison reform, 1770s–1850s The emergence of the modern prison and into the 20th century: the demise of Du Cane, decarceration and two World Wars, 1895–1945 Inside the prison system during the two World Wars, 1914–18 and 1939–45 Bibliography 3. The aims of imprisonment Introduction Antecedents Official formulations Attempting a new definition A constriction of ambition The prison in society Fragmentation Conclusion Bibliography 4. The politics of imprisonment Introduction What do we want prisons to do? Why are so many people in prison, or so few? Punishment and the ‘New Right’ Two faces of risk: calculation and representation Concluding remarks Note Bibliography 5. The sociology of imprisonment Introduction The ‘society of captives’ The prison, inmate culture and the outside world Prison adaptation and socialization Social relations and everyday culture Power, order and resistance Conclusion Notes Bibliography 6. Prison expansionism Introduction Imprisonment trends Prisons and crime control The persistence of prisons, despite the evidence Social and economic structures and prison expansionism Conclusion Bibliography 7. Prison design and carceral space Introduction Prison design Research into prison design The policy context of prison design Carceral geography and prison design Building new prisons in the UK Discussion Conclusion Notes Bibliography 8. Prison managerialism: Global change and local cultures in the working lives of prison managers Introduction Thinking about prison management Rethinking prison management in late modernity Late modern prison management in practice Key performance targets Measuring the quality of prison life Conclusion: prison managerialism Bibliography Part II: Prison controversies 9. Private prisons Background Overview Catalysts of privatization Political influences Have private prisons delivered the anticipated outcomes? Some big issues for the future The future Notes Bibliography 10. Segregation and supermax confinement: An ethical evaluation Introduction Defining punishment Punishment and justification The retributive turn and supermax confinement Defining solitary confinement Deterrence and segregation Retribution and segregation Prospects for the future Conclusion Selected further reading Notes Bibliography 11. Mental health in prisons Introduction Prevalence of mental health problems amongst prisoners The offender pathway: diversion away from prison Mental healthcare provision in prisons Critical issues and mental health in prisons Conclusion: mental health and dividing practices Notes Bibliography 12. Drug misuse in prison Why take drugs? The prevalence and incidence of drug misuse among prisoners The relationship between drug misuse and imprisonment An explanatory model How imprisonment discourages drug misuse Strategic and treatment responses to drug misuse in prisons Reducing demand: treatment to manage and promote recovery Restricting supply: interdiction to support and promote recovery Building recovery capital: a strengths-based approach to recovery New challenges: the rise of novel psychoactive substances and prescription medicine misuse Conclusion Bibliography 13. Suicide, distress and the quality of prison life Introduction Policy background in England and Wales The causes of prison suicide: what do we know? Notes Bibliography 14. Sex offenders in prison Introduction The number and proportion of sex offenders in prison is rising Sex offenders present a paradox of an extremely low likelihood of reoffending but a high risk of harm Sex offenders experience imprisonment differently The impact of treatment programmes for sex offenders on reoffending has not been consistently established Conclusions: sex offenders in prison Bibliography 15. The prison officer The nature of prison officer work Occupational socialization and identity Motivation, meaning and purpose The good prison officer: the role of emotional intelligence Prison officer culture: features and functions Conclusion Notes Bibliography 16. Prisons and technology: General lessons from the American context Background considerations Our study and its implications The good: OMail The bad: video conferencing The ugly: cell phones New prospects, old problems and an uncertain future Notes Bibliography Part III: International perspectives on imprisonment 17. Punishment and political economy The concept of punishment and the role of the prison Criticisms of ‘materialistic criminology’ Rusche and Kirchheimer’s theory takes a ‘cultural turn’ Economic cycles and imprisonment Punishment in a post-Fordist society Notes Bibliography 18. Prisons and human rights Human rights and prisons: the legal framework A global perspective: the ICPS International Prison News Digest and the World Prison Brief Reducing overcrowding: a major challenge for human rights in prisons Applying international standards in prisons The future of human rights as an international paradigm for prison reform Notes Bibliography 19. An international overview of the initiatives to accommodate Indigenous prisoners Introduction The USA Canada Australia New Zealand (Aotearoa) Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat) Conclusion Notes Bibliography 20. Ironies of American imprisonment: From capitalizing on prisons to capital punishment Introduction Capitalizing on prisons Production of prisoners Corrections in a market economy Kids for cash Capital punishment Do executions incite violence? The ironic case of Jesse Jacobs Botched executions Conclusion Note Bibliography 21. Houses for the poor: Continental European prisons North West East South Cultures of punishment Bibliography 22. Prisons as welfare institutions?: Punishment and the Nordic model Nordic exceptionalism? Key statistical figures Welfare state prisons? Current trends and recent research findings Conclusion Notes Bibliography 23. Australasian prisons The extent, use and position of imprisonment in Australasia Australia New Zealand The Pacific islands of Australasia Common themes and pressing issues in Australasian prisons Conclusions Bibliography 24. Prisons in Africa Introduction What do we know? The use of imprisonment Prison conditions Assessing climates Imprisonment within the wider criminal justice system Conclusion Notes Bibliography 25. Asian prisons: Colonial pasts, neo-liberal futures and subversive sites Introduction Conceptual underpinnings Chapter outline Continuities with colonial rules, laws and practices Composition of prison population and classificatory systems Body disciplining, forced labour and violation of human rights Concluding comments Notes Bibliography 26. Latin American prisons The expanding power of punishment Prison life Conclusion Notes Bibliography Part IV: The penal spectrum 27. High security prisons in England and Wales: Principles and practice The origins and evolution of high security prisons in England and Wales From a proposed ‘vectis’ to the dispersal system Small and special units Contemporary problems of high security imprisonment Conclusion Notes Bibliography 28. Therapeutic communities Prison-based TCs and their residents The prison-based TC as ‘a rehabilitative changing house’ The prison-based TC as ‘still a prison’ Concluding comments Notes Bibliography 29. Older age, harder time: Ageing and imprisonment The emergence of an ageing prison population The consequences of aged imprisonment Deterioration and decline Social care Healthcare Meaningful activity Masculinity Adaptation and survival The future of the ageing prison population Conclusion Note Bibliography 30. Young people and prison Introduction Background Routes into custody The custodial estate for under 18s The custodial estate for 18–21 year olds Dedicated YOIs Dual-designation establishments Violence and safety in the custodial estate Use of force by staff Self-harm and suicide Conclusions Notes Bibliography 31. Doing gendered time: The harms of women’s incarceration Contextualizing the punishment of women The rise and consolidation of women’s imprisonment Wider context Gendered penal experiences and gender-specific reform Reflections on resistance, decarceration and abolition Concluding comment Bibliography 32. Race, ethnicity, multiculture and prison life Brute facts and complex structures: the racialized dynamics of imprisonment US and them: eclipses and ellipsis Race and prison multicultures Racism and cosmopenalism beyond the boundaries of the English metropol Hiding in the white Statecraft, racecraft, whiteness and multiculturalism Muslim is the new black Prisoners, ghosts and the return of the uncivil dead: spectres of race Notes Bibliography 33. The prisoner: Inside and out The pains of imprisonment: genesis The traditional pains of imprisonment The new pains of imprisonment Conclusion Notes Bibliography Part V: Beyond the prison 34. Prisons and desistance Introduction Desistance from crime Desistance and penal policy and practice ‘Offender management’ and desistance Imprisonment and desistance Implementing desistance research in prisons Conclusions: desistance and prisons Notes Bibliography 35. Social injustice and collateral damage: The families and children of prisoners Introduction Social injustice and prisoners’ families Children of imprisoned parents Focus on the children of imprisoned women Stigma and exclusionary practices Moving forward Female partners of long-term male prisoners Social stigma and ‘negative othering’ Reducing social injustice for prisoners’ families Cases Notes Bibliography 36. Inspecting the prison Notes 37. Researching the prison Introduction Prison ethnographies: a brief history Negotiating access and conducting the study: the nuts and bolts of doing prison research Concluding thoughts Bibliography 38. Representing the prison Early penal imaginaries The rise of the prison Penitentiary visions Documentary and imprisonment Bibliography 39. Imprisonment in a global world: Rethinking penal power Introduction Foreign national prisoners: an overview Current research findings regarding nationality in prison Immigration detention centres: extending penality Outsourcing imprisonment Conclusion: rethinking imprisonment in a globalized world Notes Bibliography 40. Campaigning for and campaigning against prisons: Excavating and reaffirming the case for prison abolition Introduction Where are we now? Penal reform in the post-war period The fragmenting consensus Abolitionism, reform and the state Refurbishing reform: Woolf, privatization and managerialism New Labour and the reformed prison The coalition: back to Bentham Power, politics and abolitionism in the 21st century Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index